Malo-ethanolic fermentation in Saccharomyces and
... for yeast and fungi, i.e. those that are repressed by glucose and those that are not. In the K(+) yeasts K. lactis, C. utilis, H. anomala and C. sphaerica, the malate transport system was found to be substrateinducible and subject to glucose repression (Camarasa et al. 2001; Cássio and Leão 1993; ...
... for yeast and fungi, i.e. those that are repressed by glucose and those that are not. In the K(+) yeasts K. lactis, C. utilis, H. anomala and C. sphaerica, the malate transport system was found to be substrateinducible and subject to glucose repression (Camarasa et al. 2001; Cássio and Leão 1993; ...
Possible Roles of Plant Sulfurtransferases in Detoxification of
... homology [14,16]. Therefore, it has been suggested that the inactive rhodanese domain could be involved in signaling [12] but more experimental evidence is needed. Sulfurtransferases or Str-like proteins have been identified in different subcellular compartments. In rats, 3-mercaptopyruvate Str was ...
... homology [14,16]. Therefore, it has been suggested that the inactive rhodanese domain could be involved in signaling [12] but more experimental evidence is needed. Sulfurtransferases or Str-like proteins have been identified in different subcellular compartments. In rats, 3-mercaptopyruvate Str was ...
Cell Respiration
... step-wise catabolism of 6C citrate molecule • Evolved later than glycolysis o Does that make evolutionary sense? bacteria →3.5 billion years ago (glycolysis) free O2 →2.7 billion years ago (photosynthesis) eukaryotes →1.5 billion years ago (aerobic respiration ...
... step-wise catabolism of 6C citrate molecule • Evolved later than glycolysis o Does that make evolutionary sense? bacteria →3.5 billion years ago (glycolysis) free O2 →2.7 billion years ago (photosynthesis) eukaryotes →1.5 billion years ago (aerobic respiration ...
ch_02_Chemical Organization
... • A + B ↔ AB • At equilibrium the amounts of chemicals do not change even though the reactions are still occurring • Reversible reactions seek equilibrium, balancing opposing reaction rates • Add or remove reactants • Reaction rates adjust to reach a new equilibrium ...
... • A + B ↔ AB • At equilibrium the amounts of chemicals do not change even though the reactions are still occurring • Reversible reactions seek equilibrium, balancing opposing reaction rates • Add or remove reactants • Reaction rates adjust to reach a new equilibrium ...
Biochemistry - Textbooks Online
... The cell is enveloped and thus separated from its surroundings by a thin wall contains a rigid framework of polysaccharide chains crosslinked with short peptide chains. Its outer surface is coated with lipopolysaccharide. Cell membrane is also called as plasma membrane (or) plasma lemma. The pili, n ...
... The cell is enveloped and thus separated from its surroundings by a thin wall contains a rigid framework of polysaccharide chains crosslinked with short peptide chains. Its outer surface is coated with lipopolysaccharide. Cell membrane is also called as plasma membrane (or) plasma lemma. The pili, n ...
EVOLUTION OF A REGULATED OPERON IN THE LABORATORY
... system in order to observe it in a dynamic, rather than a static, state. To observe evolution in a dynamic state we can ask, “How do simple cells evolve new metabolic functions?” Because they can be cultured under welldefined conditions, and because of their short generation times, bacteria are exce ...
... system in order to observe it in a dynamic, rather than a static, state. To observe evolution in a dynamic state we can ask, “How do simple cells evolve new metabolic functions?” Because they can be cultured under welldefined conditions, and because of their short generation times, bacteria are exce ...
Effects of Aging on Activities of Mitochondrial Electron Transport
... structural, physiological and biochemical changes. Numerous studies have suggested that age-associated deterioration in heart function can be related to oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Complex I and complex III of electron tr ...
... structural, physiological and biochemical changes. Numerous studies have suggested that age-associated deterioration in heart function can be related to oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Complex I and complex III of electron tr ...
Amino acids and peptide bonds
... All amino acids can be based on one of three basic groups, non-polar, uncharged polar and charged polar (table 4-1). Also are classified based on hydrophobicity, reactivity, acidic and basic nature, relative size of the side groups ...
... All amino acids can be based on one of three basic groups, non-polar, uncharged polar and charged polar (table 4-1). Also are classified based on hydrophobicity, reactivity, acidic and basic nature, relative size of the side groups ...
Biomolecular chemistry 3. Translating the genetic code
... mRNA molecule is usually the start signal for protein synthesis and this particular AUG is read by an initiator tRNA conjugated to methionine. The overall efficiency of translation also depends on the sequence immediately before the start codon. The optimal sequence is known as the Kozak consensus s ...
... mRNA molecule is usually the start signal for protein synthesis and this particular AUG is read by an initiator tRNA conjugated to methionine. The overall efficiency of translation also depends on the sequence immediately before the start codon. The optimal sequence is known as the Kozak consensus s ...
Nutrient cycles - VBIOLOGY
... 2 acetylcoenzyme A (go into the Krebs cycle) 2 Carbon dioxide (released as a waste products) 2 Reduced NAD (go to the electron transport chain) ...
... 2 acetylcoenzyme A (go into the Krebs cycle) 2 Carbon dioxide (released as a waste products) 2 Reduced NAD (go to the electron transport chain) ...
The importance of gluconeogenesis as an important
... high levels of AMP, and activated by high levels of ATP & low levels of AMP. It is allosterically inhibited by Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (reciprocal regulation with glycolysis) (Fructose 1,6 BisphosphateFructose 6-P ) ...
... high levels of AMP, and activated by high levels of ATP & low levels of AMP. It is allosterically inhibited by Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (reciprocal regulation with glycolysis) (Fructose 1,6 BisphosphateFructose 6-P ) ...
Microbial and enzymatic changes associated with the production of
... pentosus, and L. plantarum. However B. subtilis was found to be predominant and was used as a monoculture starter for the production of three different fermented castor oil bean samples: B1( 0% NaCl/Lime), B2 (2% NaCl), B3 (3% Lime). The three fermented castor oil bean samples were assayed using Hig ...
... pentosus, and L. plantarum. However B. subtilis was found to be predominant and was used as a monoculture starter for the production of three different fermented castor oil bean samples: B1( 0% NaCl/Lime), B2 (2% NaCl), B3 (3% Lime). The three fermented castor oil bean samples were assayed using Hig ...
The Effect of Disulphides on Mitochondrial Oxidations
... induced by preincubating mitochondria with different concentrations of cystamine without substrate for 5min. at 300. Almost complete inhibition of the oxygen uptake from the beginning of the incubation period is obtained with 5mM-cystamine. At a final concentration of 0. 1 m no initial inhibition is ...
... induced by preincubating mitochondria with different concentrations of cystamine without substrate for 5min. at 300. Almost complete inhibition of the oxygen uptake from the beginning of the incubation period is obtained with 5mM-cystamine. At a final concentration of 0. 1 m no initial inhibition is ...
The Ostrich (Struthio camelus) egg
... (groupe U - 1 1 6 ) . T h e excellent technical assist a n c e of Mrs. M. BERGER (purification of the e n z y m e a n d analyses) a n d of Mr. L v QUAN LE ( a u t o m a t e d E d m a n d e g r a d a t i o n ) is gratefully a c k n o w l e d g e d by the authors. T h e latter express also their t h a ...
... (groupe U - 1 1 6 ) . T h e excellent technical assist a n c e of Mrs. M. BERGER (purification of the e n z y m e a n d analyses) a n d of Mr. L v QUAN LE ( a u t o m a t e d E d m a n d e g r a d a t i o n ) is gratefully a c k n o w l e d g e d by the authors. T h e latter express also their t h a ...
Protease Activity of a 90-kDa Protein Isolated from Scallop Shells
... by CBB staining, but showed a main band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa by Stainsall staining (Figure 1C). To purify the protease further, the fractions after DEAE-cellulose was separated by native-PAGE. The band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa (90-kDa protein) was ex ...
... by CBB staining, but showed a main band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa by Stainsall staining (Figure 1C). To purify the protease further, the fractions after DEAE-cellulose was separated by native-PAGE. The band with a molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa (90-kDa protein) was ex ...
Principles of transcriptional control in the metabolic
... responding to a metabolic flow that is directed in a particular direction observed at central metabolic pathways (Fig. 3c; see authors’ website). (Fig. 2a; see authors’ website). This is in contrast to the full structural This finding is supported by previous reports that specific members descriptio ...
... responding to a metabolic flow that is directed in a particular direction observed at central metabolic pathways (Fig. 3c; see authors’ website). (Fig. 2a; see authors’ website). This is in contrast to the full structural This finding is supported by previous reports that specific members descriptio ...
Leishmania donovani - Oxford Academic
... that normally contains the active site tyrosine within a conserved SKXXY motif (15). Prediction analysis using NetPhos indicated that within the C-terminal domain of this parasite protein, serine residues and not tyrosine had maximum probability of acting as potential phosphorylation sites for enzym ...
... that normally contains the active site tyrosine within a conserved SKXXY motif (15). Prediction analysis using NetPhos indicated that within the C-terminal domain of this parasite protein, serine residues and not tyrosine had maximum probability of acting as potential phosphorylation sites for enzym ...
Allosteric Inhibition of Aminoglycoside Phosphotransferase by a
... a significantly displaced conformation. BIAcore analysis and kinetic enzyme inhibition experiments are consistent with the proposed allosteric inhibition mechanism. In contrast to most small-molecule kinase inhibitors, the AR proteins are not restricted to active site binding, allowing for higher sp ...
... a significantly displaced conformation. BIAcore analysis and kinetic enzyme inhibition experiments are consistent with the proposed allosteric inhibition mechanism. In contrast to most small-molecule kinase inhibitors, the AR proteins are not restricted to active site binding, allowing for higher sp ...
144803525 - BORA
... During the 1960s, Anfinsen’s study shed light on the dynamic nature of protein structure and contributed in the development of proteolytic methods [3, 4]. Subsequent research on the active site and catalytic mechanism of enzymes by Cornforth and co-workers introduced mechanistic enzymology as a new ...
... During the 1960s, Anfinsen’s study shed light on the dynamic nature of protein structure and contributed in the development of proteolytic methods [3, 4]. Subsequent research on the active site and catalytic mechanism of enzymes by Cornforth and co-workers introduced mechanistic enzymology as a new ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
... 1. Citrate synthase: inhibited by ATP, NADH, acyl CoA and succinyl CoA 2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: Inhibited by ATP and NADH and activated by ADP 3. -KG dehydrogenase inhibited by NADH & succinyl CoA The availability of ADP: Important for proceeding the TCA cycle if not oxidation of NADH and FADH2 ...
... 1. Citrate synthase: inhibited by ATP, NADH, acyl CoA and succinyl CoA 2. Isocitrate dehydrogenase: Inhibited by ATP and NADH and activated by ADP 3. -KG dehydrogenase inhibited by NADH & succinyl CoA The availability of ADP: Important for proceeding the TCA cycle if not oxidation of NADH and FADH2 ...
patrick_tb_ch17
... Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 17 Question 18 18) The HIV protease enzyme can catalyse the hydrolysis of a particular peptide bond that is not hydrolysed by mammalian proteases. Between which amino acids does this take place? Feedback: The protease enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of p ...
... Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 17 Question 18 18) The HIV protease enzyme can catalyse the hydrolysis of a particular peptide bond that is not hydrolysed by mammalian proteases. Between which amino acids does this take place? Feedback: The protease enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of p ...
Alternative routes of acetyl-CoA synthesis identified
... Based on the ability of yeasts and fungi to produce different amounts of lipids, genome comparisons between oleaginous and non-oleaginous strains were undertaken to unravel cellular metabolic processes that might participate in oleaginicity. In this work, the genome sequences of four oleaginous stra ...
... Based on the ability of yeasts and fungi to produce different amounts of lipids, genome comparisons between oleaginous and non-oleaginous strains were undertaken to unravel cellular metabolic processes that might participate in oleaginicity. In this work, the genome sequences of four oleaginous stra ...
File
... higher concentrations than other amino acids in most tissues. • In skeletal muscle, excess amino groups are generally transferred to pyruvate to form alanine, another important molecule in the transport of amino groups to the liver. ...
... higher concentrations than other amino acids in most tissues. • In skeletal muscle, excess amino groups are generally transferred to pyruvate to form alanine, another important molecule in the transport of amino groups to the liver. ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.