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8/27/08 Transcript I
8/27/08 Transcript I

...  Active site is specific for one type of substrate  Enzymes are usually specific for one type of reaction  Catalytic properties are explained by how well it binds to its substrate  Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the efficiency is determined by Vmax  Affinity is measured by Km Regulation of Enzymes ...
Tipo de Comunicación: Comunicación Oral Simposio: INGENIERÍA
Tipo de Comunicación: Comunicación Oral Simposio: INGENIERÍA

... purposes. The immobilization of small proteins such as cytochrome c and microperoxidase have been reported very recently [3-4]. The focus of this work is to synthetize specific MOFs materials with mesopores in the crystal structure [5], enabling immobilization/encapsulation of different enzymes. Alc ...
Topic 3.6 Enzymes
Topic 3.6 Enzymes

... lose the tertiary structure and secondary structure which is present in their normal state, by application of some external stress or compound such as a strong acid or base, a concentrated inorganic salt, or heat. Loss of structure = loss of function ...
Word - LangdonBiology.org
Word - LangdonBiology.org

... Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction, speeding up the bulk reaction while not being consumed. Enzymes and ribozymes are both types of catalysts, differing only in what they are made of: proteins for enzymes and ribonucleic acid (RNA) for ribozymes. ...
Lecture #7
Lecture #7

... activation energy required for a reaction to occur. The activation energy is reduced when the substrate attaches (by weak ionic attractions and hydrogen bonds) to the active site of the enzyme. The enzyme-substrate complex is known as the transition state. In the transition state, internal bonds of ...
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis

... ATP molecule as the electrons are passed down the chain and the electrons are passed to the second pigment system (PSI). A second electron chain associated with PSI reduces a Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP+) molecule by giving the electrons from the second pigment system to NADP+ ...
Six Major Classes of Enzymes and Examples of Their Subclasses
Six Major Classes of Enzymes and Examples of Their Subclasses

... Enzyme structure Active sites Enzyme molecules contain a special pocket or cleft called the active site. The active site contains amino acid side chains that create a three-dimensional surface complementary to the substrate. The active site binds the substrate, forming an enzyme-substrate (ES) comp ...
Chemistry 110 Enzymes
Chemistry 110 Enzymes

... is involved in a chemical reaction; examples are metallic ions such as Zn2+ and Mg2+. ¾A coenzyme is an organic cofactor for example heme. Sometimes enzymes require both kinds of cofactors. ¾A substrate is the compound or compounds whose reaction an enzyme catalyzes. ¾The active site is that specifi ...
honors Chapter 2.3-2.4 teaching
honors Chapter 2.3-2.4 teaching

... •Rxns releasing energy generally happen spontaneously •Rxns which absorb energy need energy to start them •Some energy releasing rxns need activation (input of) energy to get started ...
Option B IB Chemistry Definitions HL
Option B IB Chemistry Definitions HL

... Inhibition, competitive: Reversible inhibition. Resemble the substrate in shape, but cannot react. Slow down reaction by occupying active site. Does not affect Vmax but does affect Km. Inhibition, irreversible: The inhibitor reacts with a part of the enzyme, and a covalent bond is formed between the ...
full size
full size

... is involved in a chemical reaction; examples are metallic ions such as Zn2+ and Mg2+. ¾A coenzyme is an organic cofactor for example heme. Sometimes enzymes require both kinds of cofactors. ¾A substrate is the compound or compounds whose reaction an enzyme catalyzes. ¾The active site is that specifi ...
PowerPoint 14 – Enzymes
PowerPoint 14 – Enzymes

... Catalyst – something that makes things happen and/or speeds things up ...
Extracellular Enzymes Lab
Extracellular Enzymes Lab

... • Enzymes are large proteins that all organisms synthesize to catalyze metabolic reactions. • Enzymes are typically highly specific, converting only one substrate to one product. • Almost all reactions that occur within the cell, including energy production (catabolism) and biosynthesis (anabolism), ...
L5 Metabolism Part2 Fa08
L5 Metabolism Part2 Fa08

... – Binds to enzyme away from active site – Changes conformation of enzyme/active site – Less effective at catalysis ...
Proteins and Enzymes (p
Proteins and Enzymes (p

... ___________________________________________________. The result is a definite three dimensional conformation. Interactions that cause tertiary conformations are: a. Covalent bonds between sulfur atoms to create disulfide bonds or bridges because they are so strong b. Hydrogen bonds between the side ...
What Do Enzymes Do
What Do Enzymes Do

Chapter 8 Enzyme PPT
Chapter 8 Enzyme PPT

...  Coenzymes are organic cofactors (eg. vitamins) Enzyme Inhibitors  Competitive inhibitor: binds to the active site of an enzyme, competes with substrate  Noncompetitive inhibitor: binds to another part of an enzyme  enzyme changes shape  active site is nonfunctional ...
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes
2.4 Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

... • CO2 + H2O > H2CO3 (occurs in bloodstream) • The reaction above is so slow that CO2 might build up in the body faster than the bloodstream could remove it. Our bloodstream contains an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase that speeds up the reaction by a factor of 10 million. The reaction takes place im ...
chapter 8 notes - 8.4 and 8.5 - APBio09-10
chapter 8 notes - 8.4 and 8.5 - APBio09-10

... 4. Catalysis – enzymes lower the Ea barrier 5. Enzymes cannot a. modify the overall change in energy of a reaction b. Make an endergonic reaction an exergonic one. 6. Enzymes DO a. Hasten reactions b. Make it possible for cells to have dynamic metabolisms c. Determine which process are going on in t ...
FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTION
FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTION

digestive complete - Anabolic Laboratories
digestive complete - Anabolic Laboratories

... ƒ Lipases - are water soluble enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis (breakdown) of tri- and di-acyl fats, which are totally water insoluble, into smaller components which are slightly water soluble for digestion. Lipases act at specific positions on the glycerol backbone of the lipids, so several types ...
1995 The diagram below shows a segment of DNA with a total
1995 The diagram below shows a segment of DNA with a total

... fragments from the following treatments of the DNA above. Assume that the digestion occurred under appropriate conditions and went to completion. i. DNA digested with only enzyme X ii. DNA digested with only enzyme Y iii. DNA digested with enzyme X and enzyme Y combined ...
Extracellular Enzymes Lab
Extracellular Enzymes Lab

... • Enzymes are large proteins that all organisms synthesize to catalyze metabolic reactions. • Enzymes are typically highly specific, converting only one substrate to one product. • Almost all reactions that occur within the cell, including energy production (catabolism) and biosynthesis (anabolism), ...
Chapter 4 BSCS Green Sections 4.7
Chapter 4 BSCS Green Sections 4.7

... 28. Polypeptide chains are coiled and folded into complex ___________________ shapes. The shape of a protein is very critical to its ___________________. 29. The thousands of different enzymes control and direct thousands of different life sustaining ____________ ______________ in all the different ...
Macromoleucles Notes
Macromoleucles Notes

...  Cells and their organelles are made up of smaller building blocks called ______________________________.  There are 4 basic types of macromolecules. They are: o ________________ o ____________________ o __________________________ o ________________ ______________  Monomers and polymers o Macromo ...
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Enzyme



Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.
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