Organic Chemistry Answer Key
... 3rd Idea: Enzymes are mostly macromolecule proteins that act as biological catalysts ● Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction without being changed by the reaction ● Substrates are the reactants on which enzymes (catalysts) work ● Rate of reaction in both directions is increased by the presenc ...
... 3rd Idea: Enzymes are mostly macromolecule proteins that act as biological catalysts ● Catalysts increase the rate of a reaction without being changed by the reaction ● Substrates are the reactants on which enzymes (catalysts) work ● Rate of reaction in both directions is increased by the presenc ...
Chapter 7 Study Guide
... Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are energy-rich because when catabolized they can yield a large number of electrons per molecule. Glycolysis is a pathway that degrades glucose to pyruvic acid without requiring oxygen. Pyruvic acid is processed in aerobic respiration via the Krebs cycle and its assoc ...
... Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are energy-rich because when catabolized they can yield a large number of electrons per molecule. Glycolysis is a pathway that degrades glucose to pyruvic acid without requiring oxygen. Pyruvic acid is processed in aerobic respiration via the Krebs cycle and its assoc ...
Honors Macromolecules Study Guide
... 9. a. At home, look at the labels of 3 common foods you eat. b. What macromolecules are in them? c. Any building blocks you get to many or too few of? d. Describe what your body does with these macromolecules. e. Many people say “you are what you eat.” Why is this a true statement from a biology sta ...
... 9. a. At home, look at the labels of 3 common foods you eat. b. What macromolecules are in them? c. Any building blocks you get to many or too few of? d. Describe what your body does with these macromolecules. e. Many people say “you are what you eat.” Why is this a true statement from a biology sta ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... 10. Which of the following roles does an enzyme play when the body breaksdown sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose? A. An enzyme decreases the body’s need for sucrose. B. An enzyme increases the amount of sucrose available. C. An enzyme increases the rate at which the sucrose breaks down. ...
... 10. Which of the following roles does an enzyme play when the body breaksdown sucrose (table sugar) into glucose and fructose? A. An enzyme decreases the body’s need for sucrose. B. An enzyme increases the amount of sucrose available. C. An enzyme increases the rate at which the sucrose breaks down. ...
1. Which of the following is not a feature of scientific hypotheses? A
... 45. Which of the following are guidelines or rules dealing with on-line quizzes in BIO 121? A) Quizzes are "closed-book quizzes." This means you are not allowed to use your textbook, notebook, or any other resources while you take the quiz. B) Quizzes and answers may not be printed nor shared with o ...
... 45. Which of the following are guidelines or rules dealing with on-line quizzes in BIO 121? A) Quizzes are "closed-book quizzes." This means you are not allowed to use your textbook, notebook, or any other resources while you take the quiz. B) Quizzes and answers may not be printed nor shared with o ...
Midterm Review Notes
... – But there are only 20 different amino acids – The order you place them determine what protein you make ...
... – But there are only 20 different amino acids – The order you place them determine what protein you make ...
Sources of enzyme
... Hydrolytic enzymes are normally associated with degradative reactions, (break down large molecules into small molecules) e.g., ◦ conversion of starch to sugar, ◦ proteins to polypeptides and amino acids, ◦ and lipids to their constituent glycerols, fatty acids and phosphate bases ...
... Hydrolytic enzymes are normally associated with degradative reactions, (break down large molecules into small molecules) e.g., ◦ conversion of starch to sugar, ◦ proteins to polypeptides and amino acids, ◦ and lipids to their constituent glycerols, fatty acids and phosphate bases ...
Chapters 10 and 11 Enzymes Enzymes are specialized proteins that
... The binding of the substrate to the binding site causes a strain in the substrate resulting in a less stable, higher energy molecule which is closer in energy to the transition state. 3) Covalent Catalysis Attack of a nucleophilic (-) or an electrophilic (+) group in the enzyme active site upon subs ...
... The binding of the substrate to the binding site causes a strain in the substrate resulting in a less stable, higher energy molecule which is closer in energy to the transition state. 3) Covalent Catalysis Attack of a nucleophilic (-) or an electrophilic (+) group in the enzyme active site upon subs ...
Enzymes and Metabolism Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions
... • speed up the rate of chemical reactions • are not permanently altered in the reactions • do not change the nature of the reaction – Change in free energy and equilibrium point will be the same ...
... • speed up the rate of chemical reactions • are not permanently altered in the reactions • do not change the nature of the reaction – Change in free energy and equilibrium point will be the same ...
CHM 112
... Explain from a chemical perspective why cellulose is indigestible while starch is even though they are of comparable masses and are made of the same monomers. ...
... Explain from a chemical perspective why cellulose is indigestible while starch is even though they are of comparable masses and are made of the same monomers. ...
lec4-5-biosynthesis_specificity
... Specificity of enzymes and drug design • In addition to exploiting a binding event, a highly specific chemical events takes place in the enzyme's active site • There are 317 FDA approved drugs that target enzymes (human, bacterial, viral, fungal and protazoal) • The majority of these drugs (~65%) re ...
... Specificity of enzymes and drug design • In addition to exploiting a binding event, a highly specific chemical events takes place in the enzyme's active site • There are 317 FDA approved drugs that target enzymes (human, bacterial, viral, fungal and protazoal) • The majority of these drugs (~65%) re ...
The simplest enzyme revisited: The chicken and
... Jacobsen presented a perspective entitled “The Simplest Enzyme.” Using proline as an example, they concluded that “synthetic small molecule catalysts can approach and sometimes even match the enantioselectivity and reactivity characteristic of enzymes.” The use of proline in aldol additions has been ...
... Jacobsen presented a perspective entitled “The Simplest Enzyme.” Using proline as an example, they concluded that “synthetic small molecule catalysts can approach and sometimes even match the enantioselectivity and reactivity characteristic of enzymes.” The use of proline in aldol additions has been ...
Enzymes - preabenagh
... 4 Things that Affect Enzyme Activity 1. Substrate concentration 2. Enzyme concentration 3. pH 4. Temperature ...
... 4 Things that Affect Enzyme Activity 1. Substrate concentration 2. Enzyme concentration 3. pH 4. Temperature ...
Chapter 6, Section 3
... ◦ Catalysts: Special proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed to start the reaction ◦ Enzyme names end in “–ase” Ex: catalase, sucrase, lactase ...
... ◦ Catalysts: Special proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the energy needed to start the reaction ◦ Enzyme names end in “–ase” Ex: catalase, sucrase, lactase ...
Chapter 9 - FIU Faculty Websites
... (1) substrate binding, (2) nucleophilic attack of serine on the peptide carbonyl group, (3) collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate, (4) release of the amine component, (5) water binding, (6) nucleophilic attack of water on the acyl-enzyme intermediate, (7) collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate ...
... (1) substrate binding, (2) nucleophilic attack of serine on the peptide carbonyl group, (3) collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate, (4) release of the amine component, (5) water binding, (6) nucleophilic attack of water on the acyl-enzyme intermediate, (7) collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... The α and β cyclic forms of D glucose are referred to as__________ The charged amino acid, which is electrically neutral, is called _________. _________ is the specific region on the enzyme at which substrate binds. _________ is the ring system present in cholesterol. Nitrogenous bases are conjugate ...
... The α and β cyclic forms of D glucose are referred to as__________ The charged amino acid, which is electrically neutral, is called _________. _________ is the specific region on the enzyme at which substrate binds. _________ is the ring system present in cholesterol. Nitrogenous bases are conjugate ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.