Phylogenetic Classification of Protozoa Based on the Structure of
... monomer. All residues from 3 to 521 are clearly defined in the electron density, allowing the entire protein model to be visualized. The bulk of the DHFR domains do not contact each other, but the linker polypeptide between the DHFR and TS domains crosses from one DHFR monomer (A) to the other DHFR ...
... monomer. All residues from 3 to 521 are clearly defined in the electron density, allowing the entire protein model to be visualized. The bulk of the DHFR domains do not contact each other, but the linker polypeptide between the DHFR and TS domains crosses from one DHFR monomer (A) to the other DHFR ...
Phylogenetic Classification of Protozoa Based on the
... monomer. All residues from 3 to 521 are clearly defined in the electron density, allowing the entire protein model to be visualized. The bulk of the DHFR domains do not contact each other, but the linker polypeptide between the DHFR and TS domains crosses from one DHFR monomer (A) to the other DHFR ...
... monomer. All residues from 3 to 521 are clearly defined in the electron density, allowing the entire protein model to be visualized. The bulk of the DHFR domains do not contact each other, but the linker polypeptide between the DHFR and TS domains crosses from one DHFR monomer (A) to the other DHFR ...
Biological Inorganic Chemistry
... Printer & Binder: Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 6 2007 by University Science Books ISBN 10: 1-891389-43-2 ISBN 13: 978-1-891389-43-6 Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 U ...
... Printer & Binder: Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright 6 2007 by University Science Books ISBN 10: 1-891389-43-2 ISBN 13: 978-1-891389-43-6 Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 U ...
principles of metabolic regulation: glucose and glycogen
... concentration of ATP or any of the hundreds of metabolic intermediates and products derived from glucose. A similar change takes place in cells of skeletal muscle when a sprinter leaves the starting blocks. The ability of a cell to carry out all these interlocking metabolic processes simultaneously— ...
... concentration of ATP or any of the hundreds of metabolic intermediates and products derived from glucose. A similar change takes place in cells of skeletal muscle when a sprinter leaves the starting blocks. The ability of a cell to carry out all these interlocking metabolic processes simultaneously— ...
View - BioOne
... control treatments, respectively. Three of the most common cyanobacteria in agricultural fields in China are the filamentous nitrogen-fixing species Anabaena azotica Ley (a free-living soil cyanobacterium with a high nitrogen-fixing capability), Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb) Breb. (a free-living soil ...
... control treatments, respectively. Three of the most common cyanobacteria in agricultural fields in China are the filamentous nitrogen-fixing species Anabaena azotica Ley (a free-living soil cyanobacterium with a high nitrogen-fixing capability), Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb) Breb. (a free-living soil ...
Conformational Preferences of Amino Acids in Globular Proteins?
... polypeptide chain have been done automaticallvd from the X-rav coordinates and for verv manv more protein structures (Levitt and Greer, 1977). (2) -The data are weighted to allow for the many related protein structures solved to date by X-ray crystallography. (3) The counting statistics are analyzed ...
... polypeptide chain have been done automaticallvd from the X-rav coordinates and for verv manv more protein structures (Levitt and Greer, 1977). (2) -The data are weighted to allow for the many related protein structures solved to date by X-ray crystallography. (3) The counting statistics are analyzed ...
Carbon and electron flow in Clostridium butyricum
... additional branch point of fermentation exists (Fig. 1) : glycerol can be either oxidized to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and subsequently phosphorylated to yield DHAP, or it can be dehydrated to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3HPA). The latter compound is then reduced t o 1,3propanediol (1,3-PD). Fermentative ...
... additional branch point of fermentation exists (Fig. 1) : glycerol can be either oxidized to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) and subsequently phosphorylated to yield DHAP, or it can be dehydrated to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3HPA). The latter compound is then reduced t o 1,3propanediol (1,3-PD). Fermentative ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make the Bases IMP is a Branch Point for Synthesis of GMP a ...
... Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make the Bases IMP is a Branch Point for Synthesis of GMP a ...
Limonene_Synthase-Plant Physiol.-1999-Turner-879-86
... 1993). However, preliminary immunohistochemistry indicated the presence of an antigen target in only the glandular (not the nonglandular) cells. Further investigations showed dense, specific labeling with the anti-limonene synthase antibodies to the stroma of leucoplasts of the disc cells from secre ...
... 1993). However, preliminary immunohistochemistry indicated the presence of an antigen target in only the glandular (not the nonglandular) cells. Further investigations showed dense, specific labeling with the anti-limonene synthase antibodies to the stroma of leucoplasts of the disc cells from secre ...
Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered
... similarities.17–19 The first class, or one-component monooxygenases, are single polypeptides that utilize FAD or FMN as a cofactor and require NADH or NADPH to initiate oxidation of substrates; thus, these monooxygenases have both flavin reductase and monooxygnease activity. The second class, or two ...
... similarities.17–19 The first class, or one-component monooxygenases, are single polypeptides that utilize FAD or FMN as a cofactor and require NADH or NADPH to initiate oxidation of substrates; thus, these monooxygenases have both flavin reductase and monooxygnease activity. The second class, or two ...
Upgrading the Hemicellulosic Fraction of Biomass into Biofuel
... Over the past 20 years, several groups have worked to genetically modify this yeast in order to render it capable of fermenting pentose constituents. These efforts were met with varying degrees of success, especially in the case of industrial substrates. In this paper, we describe two other possible ...
... Over the past 20 years, several groups have worked to genetically modify this yeast in order to render it capable of fermenting pentose constituents. These efforts were met with varying degrees of success, especially in the case of industrial substrates. In this paper, we describe two other possible ...
Proteolytic processing in the secretory pathway of Aspergillus niger
... serine, a histidine and an aspartic residue. PMSF is a common inhibitor of serine proteases. The serine protease families are grouped into 6 clans. The two major clans are the (chymo)trypsin-like and the subtilisin-like clan. The catalytic site of aspartic proteases is formed by two conserved aspart ...
... serine, a histidine and an aspartic residue. PMSF is a common inhibitor of serine proteases. The serine protease families are grouped into 6 clans. The two major clans are the (chymo)trypsin-like and the subtilisin-like clan. The catalytic site of aspartic proteases is formed by two conserved aspart ...
Cytochromes P450 – importance of tissue specificity
... 14α-demetylase (CYP51) is one example of recycling between ER and cis-Golgi in somatic cells [14, 15] and transport through Golgi to the acrosome in male germ cells [15]. The exact reason for the static retention or recycling of cytochromes P450 is not fully understood. ER resident proteins must pos ...
... 14α-demetylase (CYP51) is one example of recycling between ER and cis-Golgi in somatic cells [14, 15] and transport through Golgi to the acrosome in male germ cells [15]. The exact reason for the static retention or recycling of cytochromes P450 is not fully understood. ER resident proteins must pos ...
Regulation of the Escherichia coli Tryptophan Operon by Early
... KCL in the inlet bottle. Eluting buffers contained 10-' M 2-mercaptoethanol. Nucleic acids were not removed before crude extracts were placed on the column. At the end of the fractionation, a small amount of 10-2 M K2HPO4, pH 7.0, containing 1.0 M KCl was washed through the column to insure that all ...
... KCL in the inlet bottle. Eluting buffers contained 10-' M 2-mercaptoethanol. Nucleic acids were not removed before crude extracts were placed on the column. At the end of the fractionation, a small amount of 10-2 M K2HPO4, pH 7.0, containing 1.0 M KCl was washed through the column to insure that all ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
... Sugars and fat components are broken down in steps ...
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of
... pathobiology of the disease and the discovery of new drugs. Moreover, the role of many proteins has been identified as novel targets in cancer therapy allowing the design of more selective agents. The classical anticancer agent methotrexate (MTX) and aminopterine which are folic acid anti-metabolite ...
... pathobiology of the disease and the discovery of new drugs. Moreover, the role of many proteins has been identified as novel targets in cancer therapy allowing the design of more selective agents. The classical anticancer agent methotrexate (MTX) and aminopterine which are folic acid anti-metabolite ...
energy supply components - The Company of Biologists
... The immediate source of energy tapped by most endergonic processes in the cell is, of course, that released by hydrolysis of ATP. In most tissues, the rates of such processes are low because most metabolic pathways operate rather sluggishly. However, muscle is exceptional: during transition from res ...
... The immediate source of energy tapped by most endergonic processes in the cell is, of course, that released by hydrolysis of ATP. In most tissues, the rates of such processes are low because most metabolic pathways operate rather sluggishly. However, muscle is exceptional: during transition from res ...
Principles of Metabolic Regulation
... equilibrium in vivo, and thus the product of the reaction, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, does not approximate an equilibrium concentration. Metabolic pathways are “open systems,’’ operating under near–steady state conditions, with substrates flowing in and products flowing out at all times. Thus, all t ...
... equilibrium in vivo, and thus the product of the reaction, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, does not approximate an equilibrium concentration. Metabolic pathways are “open systems,’’ operating under near–steady state conditions, with substrates flowing in and products flowing out at all times. Thus, all t ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.