NOVEL SPERM-SPECIFIC GLYCOLYTIC ISOZYMES GENERATED
... Targeted gene disruption of glycolytic enzymes expressed only during spermatogenesis indicates that glycolysis is essential for sperm motility and male fertility. This pathway is compartmentalized in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum, where several spermatogenic cell-specific isozymes are b ...
... Targeted gene disruption of glycolytic enzymes expressed only during spermatogenesis indicates that glycolysis is essential for sperm motility and male fertility. This pathway is compartmentalized in the principal piece of the sperm flagellum, where several spermatogenic cell-specific isozymes are b ...
MOL WS 2016 Handout T3 Metabolism RNA world
... Studies suggest that ancient ribosomes constructed solely of rRNA could have developed the ability to synthesize peptide bonds. In addition, evidence strongly points to ancient ribosomes as self-replicating complexes, where the rRNA in the ribosomes had informational, structural, and catalytic purpo ...
... Studies suggest that ancient ribosomes constructed solely of rRNA could have developed the ability to synthesize peptide bonds. In addition, evidence strongly points to ancient ribosomes as self-replicating complexes, where the rRNA in the ribosomes had informational, structural, and catalytic purpo ...
Extended guide for authors
... The following categories are used in the Table of Contents: carbohydrates; cell biology; chromatographic techniques; DNA recombinant techniques and nucleic acids; electrophoretic techniques; enzymatic assays and analyses; immunological procedures; inorganic and metalloorganic compounds; labeling pro ...
... The following categories are used in the Table of Contents: carbohydrates; cell biology; chromatographic techniques; DNA recombinant techniques and nucleic acids; electrophoretic techniques; enzymatic assays and analyses; immunological procedures; inorganic and metalloorganic compounds; labeling pro ...
DOCTORAL THESIS
... transglycosylase activity catalyzing cleavage and reconection of xyloglucan molecules, which is proposed to be involved in secondary cell wall morphogenesis. The creation of a family 16 carbohydrate active enzyme β-glucanase/XET hybrids were attempted in order to design a chimeric enzyme with one or ...
... transglycosylase activity catalyzing cleavage and reconection of xyloglucan molecules, which is proposed to be involved in secondary cell wall morphogenesis. The creation of a family 16 carbohydrate active enzyme β-glucanase/XET hybrids were attempted in order to design a chimeric enzyme with one or ...
26_Catabolism of tryacylglycerols oxidation of fatty acids a
... Storage and Mobilization of Fatty Acids (FA) • TGs are delivered to adipose tissue in the form of chylomicrones and VLDL, hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes. • Then fatty acids are reesterified to TGs. • TGs are stored in adipocytes. • T ...
... Storage and Mobilization of Fatty Acids (FA) • TGs are delivered to adipose tissue in the form of chylomicrones and VLDL, hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase into fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes. • Then fatty acids are reesterified to TGs. • TGs are stored in adipocytes. • T ...
Problem-Set Solutions
... phosphoenolpyruvate, can also act as an intermediate in the first step of the citric acid cycle; oxaloacetate combines with acetyl CoA, which can go directly into the citric acid cycle. 24.70 GTP and ATP 24.71 Lactate formed by muscle activity diffuses into the blood and is carried to the liver wher ...
... phosphoenolpyruvate, can also act as an intermediate in the first step of the citric acid cycle; oxaloacetate combines with acetyl CoA, which can go directly into the citric acid cycle. 24.70 GTP and ATP 24.71 Lactate formed by muscle activity diffuses into the blood and is carried to the liver wher ...
(Chapter 13): Translation of mRNA
... The genetic information is coded within mRNA in groups of three nucleotides known as codons Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... The genetic information is coded within mRNA in groups of three nucleotides known as codons Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Short-term regulation of the mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase
... molecules of TDP-containing pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1; abbreviated E1) are joined to the binding domains of E2 (Reed, 2001; Fries et al., 2003). Twelve homodimeric molecules of FAD-containing dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4; abbreviated E3) are connected with the binding domains ...
... molecules of TDP-containing pyruvate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.4.1; abbreviated E1) are joined to the binding domains of E2 (Reed, 2001; Fries et al., 2003). Twelve homodimeric molecules of FAD-containing dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4; abbreviated E3) are connected with the binding domains ...
brv12140 - Cambridge Repository
... II. Biochemistry and evolutionary origin of the pentose phosphate pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) The L-type PPP and alternative or extended reaction sequences of the PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) The subcellular localization of the PPP and ...
... II. Biochemistry and evolutionary origin of the pentose phosphate pathway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) The L-type PPP and alternative or extended reaction sequences of the PPP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2) The subcellular localization of the PPP and ...
regulation of fatty acid synthesis
... been clarified that dicots and most monocots have both forms of ACCase, a >200-kDa homodimeric ACCase (probably localized in the cytosol) and a heteromeric ACCase with at least four subunits in the plastid (2, 48, 80). It is the heteromeric plastid form of the ACCase that provides malonyl-CoA for fa ...
... been clarified that dicots and most monocots have both forms of ACCase, a >200-kDa homodimeric ACCase (probably localized in the cytosol) and a heteromeric ACCase with at least four subunits in the plastid (2, 48, 80). It is the heteromeric plastid form of the ACCase that provides malonyl-CoA for fa ...
... coagulating enzyme, plasmin, the starter bacteria, and the non-starter microflora are the main proteolytic agents involved in cheese ripening. Proteins are partially hydrolyzed by rennet and other native microbial enzymes to produce lower-molecular-weight compounds and are further broken down by pep ...
I Semester B.Sc. Examination Paper
... 3. What is Schottky defect? What is its effect on the density of ionic crystals? 4. Mention any two applications of powder metallurgy. 5. Explain the influence of chromium on the properties of steel. 6. What is acid rain? Explain. 7. How is a Ketone prepared from a carboxylic acid? Give a suitable e ...
... 3. What is Schottky defect? What is its effect on the density of ionic crystals? 4. Mention any two applications of powder metallurgy. 5. Explain the influence of chromium on the properties of steel. 6. What is acid rain? Explain. 7. How is a Ketone prepared from a carboxylic acid? Give a suitable e ...
world journal of pharmaceutical research
... Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, and was proposed to be the main energy transfer molecule in the cell by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941.[2] It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948. This complex molecule is critical for all life from the simplest to the most complex. As well ...
... Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, and was proposed to be the main energy transfer molecule in the cell by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941.[2] It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948. This complex molecule is critical for all life from the simplest to the most complex. As well ...
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... bonds between their amino acids. Similarly, the special functions of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids can be understood as a direct manifestation of their chemical structure, with their characteristic monomeric subunits linked in precise functional polymers. Sugars linked together become e ...
... bonds between their amino acids. Similarly, the special functions of polysaccharides, nucleic acids, and lipids can be understood as a direct manifestation of their chemical structure, with their characteristic monomeric subunits linked in precise functional polymers. Sugars linked together become e ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... The growth behaviour of AIcaIigenes eutrophus using various concentrations of benzoate was investigated. In batch culture, growth was exponential and growth rate (p) and yields ( Y ) were high [cc = 0.51 h-l and Y*nzoate = 056 mol carbon (mol carbon)-l] when low concentrations of benzoate (< 5 mM) w ...
... The growth behaviour of AIcaIigenes eutrophus using various concentrations of benzoate was investigated. In batch culture, growth was exponential and growth rate (p) and yields ( Y ) were high [cc = 0.51 h-l and Y*nzoate = 056 mol carbon (mol carbon)-l] when low concentrations of benzoate (< 5 mM) w ...
Powerpoint - Master Brewers Association
... • The uptake of wort sugars is an important property of brewer’s yeast strains. • The formation of esters and diacetyl by yeast significantly contributes to beer flavour. • Yeast species such as Brettanomyces and yeast strains producing 4-vinyl guaiacol are important cultures in the production of ...
... • The uptake of wort sugars is an important property of brewer’s yeast strains. • The formation of esters and diacetyl by yeast significantly contributes to beer flavour. • Yeast species such as Brettanomyces and yeast strains producing 4-vinyl guaiacol are important cultures in the production of ...
Effect of Pb toxicity on leaf growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, and
... (Moustakas et al. 1994), interfere with nutrient uptake, influence the net photosynthetic rate and respiration, and alternate permeability of cell membrane (Sharma and Dubey 2005). Pb can also alternate the activity and quantity of the key enzyme of various metabolic pathways such as those of the ph ...
... (Moustakas et al. 1994), interfere with nutrient uptake, influence the net photosynthetic rate and respiration, and alternate permeability of cell membrane (Sharma and Dubey 2005). Pb can also alternate the activity and quantity of the key enzyme of various metabolic pathways such as those of the ph ...
Fixation of carbon dioxide by chemoautotrophic bacteria
... Although all the mutants reverted before ...
... Although all the mutants reverted before ...
The Photoassimilation of Organic Compounds by
... Growth of organisms. Organisms were grown photosynthetically on the medium (DM) of van Baalen (1965a), which is a modification of the medium ' D ' used by Kratz & Myers (1955a); after equilibration with air + 1-2 % (v/v) carbon dioxide the medium was at pH 7.6-74. For growth experiments 20 ml. mediu ...
... Growth of organisms. Organisms were grown photosynthetically on the medium (DM) of van Baalen (1965a), which is a modification of the medium ' D ' used by Kratz & Myers (1955a); after equilibration with air + 1-2 % (v/v) carbon dioxide the medium was at pH 7.6-74. For growth experiments 20 ml. mediu ...
REGULATION OF PYRUVATE KINASE AND GLYCEROL
... increase in solute concentrations and the initiation of extracellular ice formation via the action of nucleating agents (Morrissey and Baust, 1976; Storey et al., 1981a; Zachariassen, 1980). Forcing ice formation in extracellular compartments by using nucleating agents protects against uncontrolled ...
... increase in solute concentrations and the initiation of extracellular ice formation via the action of nucleating agents (Morrissey and Baust, 1976; Storey et al., 1981a; Zachariassen, 1980). Forcing ice formation in extracellular compartments by using nucleating agents protects against uncontrolled ...
A Survey of Left-handed Helices in Protein Structures
... studied systematically, and not much is known about left-handed helices other than that they are very rare. Stretches of amino acids with unusual backbone conformations (e.g. left-handed helices) often appear at ligand-binding sites, protein–protein interfaces or other functional sites. It has been ...
... studied systematically, and not much is known about left-handed helices other than that they are very rare. Stretches of amino acids with unusual backbone conformations (e.g. left-handed helices) often appear at ligand-binding sites, protein–protein interfaces or other functional sites. It has been ...
The Photoassimilation of Organic Compounds by Autotrophic Blue
... Growth of organisms. Organisms were grown photosynthetically on the medium (DM) of van Baalen (1965a), which is a modification of the medium ' D ' used by Kratz & Myers (1955a); after equilibration with air + 1-2 % (v/v) carbon dioxide the medium was at pH 7.6-74. For growth experiments 20 ml. mediu ...
... Growth of organisms. Organisms were grown photosynthetically on the medium (DM) of van Baalen (1965a), which is a modification of the medium ' D ' used by Kratz & Myers (1955a); after equilibration with air + 1-2 % (v/v) carbon dioxide the medium was at pH 7.6-74. For growth experiments 20 ml. mediu ...
Enzyme
Enzymes /ˈɛnzaɪmz/ are macromolecular biological catalysts. Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. The molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates and the enzyme converts these into different molecules, called products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates fast enough to sustain life. The set of enzymes made in a cell determines which metabolic pathways occur in that cell. The study of enzymes is called enzymology.Enzymes are known to catalyze more than 5,000 biochemical reaction types. Most enzymes are proteins, although a few are catalytic RNA molecules. Enzymes' specificity comes from their unique three-dimensional structures.Like all catalysts, enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Some enzymes can make their conversion of substrate to product occur many millions of times faster. An extreme example is orotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase, which allows a reaction that would otherwise take millions of years to occur in milliseconds. Chemically, enzymes are like any catalyst and are not consumed in chemical reactions, nor do they alter the equilibrium of a reaction. Enzymes differ from most other catalysts by being much more specific. Enzyme activity can be affected by other molecules: inhibitors are molecules that decrease enzyme activity, and activators are molecules that increase activity. Many drugs and poisons are enzyme inhibitors. An enzyme's activity decreases markedly outside its optimal temperature and pH.Some enzymes are used commercially, for example, in the synthesis of antibiotics. Some household products use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions: enzymes in biological washing powders break down protein, starch or fat stains on clothes, and enzymes in meat tenderizer break down proteins into smaller molecules, making the meat easier to chew.