Enzymes
... The amino acid residues in the vicinity of rings 4 and 5 provide a plausible mechanism for completing the catalytic act. Residue 35, glutamic acid (Glu-35), is about 3Å from the -O- bridge that is to be broken. The free carboxyl group of glutamic acid is a hydrogen ion donor and available to transfe ...
... The amino acid residues in the vicinity of rings 4 and 5 provide a plausible mechanism for completing the catalytic act. Residue 35, glutamic acid (Glu-35), is about 3Å from the -O- bridge that is to be broken. The free carboxyl group of glutamic acid is a hydrogen ion donor and available to transfe ...
COS 3.0 Acids and Bases
... • Acids and Bases.
... • Acids and Bases.
Chapter 14 Proteins
... bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acids in the chain. ◦ Dipeptide: A molecule containing two amino acids joined by a peptide bond. ◦ Tripeptide: A molecule containing three amino acids joined by peptide bonds. ◦ Polypeptide: A macromolecule containing many amino acids joined by pepti ...
... bonds; they are classified by the number of amino acids in the chain. ◦ Dipeptide: A molecule containing two amino acids joined by a peptide bond. ◦ Tripeptide: A molecule containing three amino acids joined by peptide bonds. ◦ Polypeptide: A macromolecule containing many amino acids joined by pepti ...
Biochemistry Ch 33 597-624 [4-20
... Synthesis of Fatty Acids -Structure of glycerophospholipid: head group + 2 fatty acid + glycerol; choline commonest head -Structure of plasmalogen: head group + fatty acid + long chain fatty alcohol + glycerol -Structure of sphingomyelin: sphingosine backbone + 1 fatty acid + choline (ceramide = sph ...
... Synthesis of Fatty Acids -Structure of glycerophospholipid: head group + 2 fatty acid + glycerol; choline commonest head -Structure of plasmalogen: head group + fatty acid + long chain fatty alcohol + glycerol -Structure of sphingomyelin: sphingosine backbone + 1 fatty acid + choline (ceramide = sph ...
Chapter 4 - Open Science Online
... proteins and autoimmune disease. Fructose can produce inflammation and autoimmunity. This is called as fructositis. The increase in fructose which is channelled to the pentose phosphate pathway and ribose synthesis results in increased nucleic acid synthesis and cancer formation. The depletion of ce ...
... proteins and autoimmune disease. Fructose can produce inflammation and autoimmunity. This is called as fructositis. The increase in fructose which is channelled to the pentose phosphate pathway and ribose synthesis results in increased nucleic acid synthesis and cancer formation. The depletion of ce ...
Overview of the reactions of cellular synthesis and
... Overview of the reactions of cellular synthesis and biodegradation ...
... Overview of the reactions of cellular synthesis and biodegradation ...
Section II - School District 27J
... Copper metal reacts with nitric acid to produce copper (II) nitrate, nitrogen monoxide and water. a. Write the balanced chemical equation. b. Identify the oxidizing agent. c. If a 0.300 mol sample of copper reacts with 10.0 mL of 12.0 M nitric acid, how many moles of nitrogen monoxide gas will form? ...
... Copper metal reacts with nitric acid to produce copper (II) nitrate, nitrogen monoxide and water. a. Write the balanced chemical equation. b. Identify the oxidizing agent. c. If a 0.300 mol sample of copper reacts with 10.0 mL of 12.0 M nitric acid, how many moles of nitrogen monoxide gas will form? ...
Pharmaceutical Faculty 3- d course Module 1 General principles of
... The formation of glycogen B. The formation of urea C. Conversion of fat and/ or protein to glucose D. The anaerobic metabolism of glucose E. Conversion of glycogen to glucose ANSWER: E 2. The regulation of normal blood sugar level is accomplished by A. Insulin, glucagon and adrenalin B. Cell tissue ...
... The formation of glycogen B. The formation of urea C. Conversion of fat and/ or protein to glucose D. The anaerobic metabolism of glucose E. Conversion of glycogen to glucose ANSWER: E 2. The regulation of normal blood sugar level is accomplished by A. Insulin, glucagon and adrenalin B. Cell tissue ...
Slide 1
... • Completely replaced every 15days • This state is also called continuing metabolism of amino acids ...
... • Completely replaced every 15days • This state is also called continuing metabolism of amino acids ...
How the decomposers decompose: mineralization of microbial
... Mass spectroscopy was used to determine the amount of ...
... Mass spectroscopy was used to determine the amount of ...
Lecture: Fatty Acids Synthesis Recall the physiological role of
... o Acetyl CoA starting material o Acetyl CoA formed in mt matrix condenses w/ OAA to form citrate, citrate transported out of mt o Citrate lyase converts citrate back to acetyl CoA and OAA o OAA reduced to malate by cytosolic malate dehydrogenase using NADH o Malate oxidatively decarboxylated by mal ...
... o Acetyl CoA starting material o Acetyl CoA formed in mt matrix condenses w/ OAA to form citrate, citrate transported out of mt o Citrate lyase converts citrate back to acetyl CoA and OAA o OAA reduced to malate by cytosolic malate dehydrogenase using NADH o Malate oxidatively decarboxylated by mal ...
EXAM OF SCIENTIFIC CULTURE CHEMISTRY PROBLEM 1
... 3.1. The Krebs cycle assures a large part of the energetic needs of the cell, thanks to the electrons present in the C-H and C-C bonds of acetylcoenzyme A (CH3-CO-SCoA). Globally, this coenzyme is oxidized into carbon dioxide with the intervention of other coenzymes, such as FAD. 3.1.1 Complete the ...
... 3.1. The Krebs cycle assures a large part of the energetic needs of the cell, thanks to the electrons present in the C-H and C-C bonds of acetylcoenzyme A (CH3-CO-SCoA). Globally, this coenzyme is oxidized into carbon dioxide with the intervention of other coenzymes, such as FAD. 3.1.1 Complete the ...
Carbohydrate metabolism File
... Metabolic pathways of glucose 1. Coversion into Glycogen and degradation i) Glycogenesis in which the excess glucose is converted into glycogen as a cellular storage compound. ii) Glycogenolysis involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which provides a glucose supply for glucosedependent ti ...
... Metabolic pathways of glucose 1. Coversion into Glycogen and degradation i) Glycogenesis in which the excess glucose is converted into glycogen as a cellular storage compound. ii) Glycogenolysis involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which provides a glucose supply for glucosedependent ti ...
Multiple Choice
... C. A high surface area to volume ratio was thought to be essential for nutrient diffusion throughout prokaryotic cells. ...
... C. A high surface area to volume ratio was thought to be essential for nutrient diffusion throughout prokaryotic cells. ...
Cellular oxygen utilization in health and sepsis
... Fink7 first used the term cytopathic hypoxia to describe the dysregulation of oxygen metabolism during sepsis; cells fail to produce adequate amounts of ATP in the presence of sufficient molecular oxygen. These terms reflect the fact that it may not be the availability of oxygen, but its usability b ...
... Fink7 first used the term cytopathic hypoxia to describe the dysregulation of oxygen metabolism during sepsis; cells fail to produce adequate amounts of ATP in the presence of sufficient molecular oxygen. These terms reflect the fact that it may not be the availability of oxygen, but its usability b ...
Molecule-Metabolism ppt
... diversity of stable compounds to exist. Despite only being the 15th most abundant element on the planet carbon forms the backbone of every single organic molecule. Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bond between atoms. Stable molecules can be formed. ...
... diversity of stable compounds to exist. Despite only being the 15th most abundant element on the planet carbon forms the backbone of every single organic molecule. Covalent bonds are the strongest type of bond between atoms. Stable molecules can be formed. ...
The Role of Fulvic Acid in Sport and Exercise
... To discuss the positive role that fulvic acid can play for people who exercise regularly, it is important to understand the processes of exercise and the physiological and biochemical changes that occur during sport. ...
... To discuss the positive role that fulvic acid can play for people who exercise regularly, it is important to understand the processes of exercise and the physiological and biochemical changes that occur during sport. ...
Lipids (McMurry Ch. 27)
... Their major role is as a barrier between cells and their environment; separating the cytoplasm and cellular structures from the extracellular fluid and each other. Both are classes of amphiphilic molecules, consisting of a charged or polar “head” and nonpolar hydrocarbon “tails” A typical phos ...
... Their major role is as a barrier between cells and their environment; separating the cytoplasm and cellular structures from the extracellular fluid and each other. Both are classes of amphiphilic molecules, consisting of a charged or polar “head” and nonpolar hydrocarbon “tails” A typical phos ...
Summary of 5.4
... nitration and Friedel-Crafts reactions including the formation of the electrophile 5.4.1 c Heterolytic, electrophilic substitution (benzene) Electrophilic substitution is possible in benzene rings. In this type of substitution two of the delocalised [pi] electrons on the benzene ring are ...
... nitration and Friedel-Crafts reactions including the formation of the electrophile 5.4.1 c Heterolytic, electrophilic substitution (benzene) Electrophilic substitution is possible in benzene rings. In this type of substitution two of the delocalised [pi] electrons on the benzene ring are ...
Citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.