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ILA: DIABETES
ILA: DIABETES

... • Explain why there is increased urination (polyuria) with this high blood glucose? • Why Hoda had increased appetite (polyphagia) despite high glucose levels? • Discuss normal glucose metabolism • Suggest the possible alterations in glucose storage and break down that might occur in this clinical p ...
Quantitative amino acids analysis for the diagnosis and follow up of
Quantitative amino acids analysis for the diagnosis and follow up of

... among methods used to quantify physiological amino acids in body fluids o Evaluate the use of quantitative amino acid analysis for IEM diagnosis and follow-up ...
Macromolecules & Enzymes
Macromolecules & Enzymes

...  The changing of one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals  Reactants start the reaction.  Products are produced by the reactants. Ex: CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Reactants (before arrow) ...
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Name Biology Chemistry of Life What can reduce the effect of a

... high boiling point making liquid water available to organisms / water is liquid over a range of temperatures; water is most dense at 4°C so ice floats over water providing winter habitat; high specific heat capacity so stable environment (internal/external); high surface tension – supports (near) su ...
Notes on Biopolymers
Notes on Biopolymers

... formed, and for the ones I lay out for you in the notes or the worksheets, the ability to identify what monomeric units are responsible for forming a specific polymer. Addition Polymers. We have learned that there are certain general classes of organic chemical reactions: substitutions, additions an ...
The Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides
The Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Energy and Respiration
Energy and Respiration

... energy and it produces more toxic waste products. When Oxygen is not available, anaerobic respiration also occurs in humans. Anaerobic respiration can take place during vigorous exercise, building up lactic acid in muscle tissue. This results in muscle pain and cramping. The bacteria in milk also pr ...
Free Form Amino Caps
Free Form Amino Caps

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The Chemicals of Living Things
The Chemicals of Living Things

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Bioconversion Technologies
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NSC 207 - National Open University of Nigeria
NSC 207 - National Open University of Nigeria

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... that plant materials can also offer proteins of high nutritional value. Soya beans and other legumes enjoy great success as major protein sources. Leaf protein concentrates from a variety of plants were found to give favorable balance of essential and nonessential amino acids, comparable to animal p ...
Catabolism vs Anabolism
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Chemistry -- Acids and Bases

... V. Predicting the Reactions that Occur between Acids and Bases A. How many protons can an acid donate H3PO4 can donate up to 3 H+ -- “more than one” – “proton” Polyprotic acid: An acid that can donate more than one proton Triprotic acid: An acid that can donate up to 3 ...
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Proteins
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MITOCHONDRIA
MITOCHONDRIA

... Mitochondria are the filamentous, self-duplicating, double membranous cytoplasmic organelles of eukaryotic cells which are concerned with cellular respiration. They are the energy transducing organelle found in all aerobic eukaryotic cells. But in mature mammalian RBC mitochondria are lost secondari ...
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... ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the instant source of vitality for carved contraction. There are 2 pathways whereby it is shaped: the cardio exercise pathway and also the anaerobic pathway. Your aerobic process requires oxygen to be current and makes use of fat, proteins and carbs (glucose, glycogen ...
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles
Chapter 20: Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles

... The 15 amino acids with thiol, hydroxyl groups or pure hydrocarbon side chains have pI = 5.0 to 6.5 (average of the pKa’s) D and E have acidic side chains and a lower pI H, R, K have basic side chains and higher pI ...
Key Concepts - Bourbon County Schools
Key Concepts - Bourbon County Schools

... how cellular processes (including respiration, photosynthesis in plants, mitosis, and waste elimination) are essential to the survival of the organism (7-2.4) and explained how a balanced chemical equation supports the law of conservation of matter (7-5.8). It is essential for students to understand ...
Topic 3.2: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
Topic 3.2: Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

... Often transported from leaves of plants to other locations in plants by vascular tissue ...
Today`s Plan: 1/5/09
Today`s Plan: 1/5/09

...  Main component of phospholipids, which form micells in water and are responsible for?  Saturated fats contain all single bonds on the main hydrocarbon chain, while unsaturated fats contain double or triple bonds.  What’s a trans-fat? ...
Muscle Metabolism - White Plains Public Schools
Muscle Metabolism - White Plains Public Schools

... A third muscle type, the Fast Oxidative Fiber has characteristics of both muscle types. These muscle can convert to the other types based on training. ...
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Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
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