• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
folic acid (foe-lika-sid) - DavisPlus
folic acid (foe-lika-sid) - DavisPlus

... ● May be given subcut, deep IM, or IV when PO route is not feasible. ● PO: Antacids should be given at least 2 hr after folic acid; folic acid should be given ...
Translation - Phillipsburg School District
Translation - Phillipsburg School District

... of rRNA) • rRNA reads the mRNA in groups of 3 nucleotides called codons • Translation starts with a special codon – AUG—start codon—initiator ...
Fructose 6
Fructose 6

Document
Document

... • A molecule forms when electrons of several atoms interact to form chemical bonds. – The number of bonds an atom can form is determined by the number of valence electrons. • Hydrogen has one electron; it needs one more to fill the inner shell so that it can form one bond. • Carbon has 6 electrons; ...
Polymer Principles
Polymer Principles

... – An enzyme is specific in its action. – Example: Amylase changes the substrate starch into maltose. This chemical change occurs when starch is digested. – After the product is formed and released, the enzyme amylase can combine with another substrate molecule and change it into a product. – Starch ...
Chapter 11
Chapter 11

... reaction in the series—is catalyzed by a specific enzyme (see Perspective 11.1, “The Potential Energy of Glucose”). Respiration can be considered a series of “baby steps” that begins with a sugar and progressively releases small amounts of energy (transferred to ATP) along the way as the sugar is br ...
Protein mteabolism
Protein mteabolism

... Synthesis and secretion of melatonin is regulated by dark/light cycle. Production of melatonin by the pineal gland in brain is inhibited by light and stimulated by darkness. For this reason melatonin has been called "the hormone of darkness. - Melatonin is sleep-inducing molecule -So ingestion of fo ...
Micro Chapter 5 ppt. 11th edition
Micro Chapter 5 ppt. 11th edition

... two molecules of 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid for each initial molecule of glucose. GP is oxidized by the transfer of two hydrogen atoms to NAD + to form NADH. The enzyme couples this reaction with the creation of a highenergy bond between the sugar and a P . The three-carbon sugar now has ...
2011
2011

... +5 points for selecting proper Carboxyl on Asp to form peptide bond. +5 points for correct peptide bond (shaded area). Deduct -1 point for minor errors in the structure not affecting the peptide bond. Deduct -2 points for showing the dipeptide in the wrong order (N-term by ala). Note: It’s perfectly ...
Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... All of the adaptations were lost after five weeks of detraining It took four weeks of retraining to regain the adaptations lost in the first week of ...
Sport`s Nutrition Slides
Sport`s Nutrition Slides

... kicking a soccer ball, or throwing a shotput. This system uses the very small amount of ATP stored in the body and does not require oxygen. This is not much fuel, so to go beyond the ten seconds you will need some other fuel. b. Anaerobic Glycolysis – As exercise continues beyond ten seconds to abou ...
Lipid Metabolism During Exercise
Lipid Metabolism During Exercise

... found the effects of insulin and muscular contraction to be additive, suggesting separate ICF pools of FA transporters. ...
Biomolecules
Biomolecules

... Overview ...
Manipulating redox and ATP balancing for improved production of
Manipulating redox and ATP balancing for improved production of

... et al., 2002a). An additional mutation in the ptsG restores fermentative growth on glucose in complex media. This strain produces succinate, acetate and ethanol in a molar ratio of 1:0.5:0.5. It is thought that pyruvate dehydrogenase complex maintains a low level of activity under laboratory anaerob ...
Water Soluble Vitamins نسح انيز .د
Water Soluble Vitamins نسح انيز .د

...  All three parts form Pteroylglutamic acid (PGA). The reduced form of the vitamin (by addition of 4 hydrogens to the pteridine moiety), will make Tetrahydrofolic acid which is the active form of the vitamin.  Sources:  In addition to general sources of B complex vitamins; folic acid is found in g ...
0001 fructose intolerance - Western Washington University
0001 fructose intolerance - Western Washington University

... activation of AMP deaminase that catalyzes the irreversible deamination of AMP to IMP (inosine monophosphate), a precursor of uric acid. ...
thermodynamics
thermodynamics

... B, B to C, C to D, and D to F. E is the enzyme that converts A to B: (E) ABCDF In many instance F will inhibit (interfere) with the reaction that converts A to B by binding to a site on enzyme E so that it can’t bind A. This feedback inhibition helps to prevent overproduction of F—homeostasis. ...
The role of ATP in metabolism
The role of ATP in metabolism

... chain attached to a ribosome or to the concentration of a hydrated solid such as glycogen, etc. Data are available, however, relating to the reactions by which acetyl coenzyme A is produced in certain bacterial (but not in eukaryotic) cells and, because the role of ATP in the production of the thiol ...
Lipid Metabolism During Exercise
Lipid Metabolism During Exercise

... found the effects of insulin and muscular contraction to be additive, suggesting separate ICF pools of FA transporters. ...
4. Microbial Products
4. Microbial Products

... Submerged: stainless steel, aerated using suction pump, production is 10X higher ...
The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds
The Chemical Basis of Life Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds

... illustrate the dramatic chemical changes that can arise from subtle molecular changes: the bond in starch can easily be broken down (digested) by humans and other animals, but only specialized organisms, like the bacteria and protozoa in the guts of termites, can break down cellulose (specifically, ...
103 Lecture Ch20a
103 Lecture Ch20a

... • Peptides are two or more amino acids linked together by amide bonds (called peptide bonds) • A peptide bond is formed when the acid group of one amino acid reacts with the amine group of another amino acid • When writing the structure of a peptide: - the amino acid with the free (unreacted) amine ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... pyruvate during glycolysis, making some ATP. ...
Chapter 4 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Chemical Reactions in
Chapter 4 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Chemical Reactions in

40_Biochemical functions of liver
40_Biochemical functions of liver

... oxidation, and from liver transported to another tissues, first of all to the heart, muscles, kidneys and brain ...
< 1 ... 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 ... 483 >

Citric acid cycle



The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, the cycle provides precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically.The name of this metabolic pathway is derived from citric acid (a type of tricarboxylic acid) that is consumed and then regenerated by this sequence of reactions to complete the cycle. In addition, the cycle consumes acetate (in the form of acetyl-CoA) and water, reduces NAD+ to NADH, and produces carbon dioxide as a waste byproduct. The NADH generated by the TCA cycle is fed into the oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport) pathway. The net result of these two closely linked pathways is the oxidation of nutrients to produce usable chemical energy in the form of ATP.In eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion. In prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria which lack mitochondria, the TCA reaction sequence is performed in the cytosol with the proton gradient for ATP production being across the cell's surface (plasma membrane) rather than the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report