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... Cytokine such as TNF-, and environmental hazards such as inonizing radiation, toxic substances trigger the nuclear translocation of NK-kB via activation of inhibitor-of- NF-kB (IkB) kinase complex (IKK). IKK phosphorylates IkB bound to NF-kB which consists of a dimer of Rel family proteins such as ...
... Cytokine such as TNF-, and environmental hazards such as inonizing radiation, toxic substances trigger the nuclear translocation of NK-kB via activation of inhibitor-of- NF-kB (IkB) kinase complex (IKK). IKK phosphorylates IkB bound to NF-kB which consists of a dimer of Rel family proteins such as ...
Document
... Depending on the severity of the tissue injury, the coagulation system may be activated. Some products of the coagulation system can contribute to the non-specific defenses because of their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells. In addit ...
... Depending on the severity of the tissue injury, the coagulation system may be activated. Some products of the coagulation system can contribute to the non-specific defenses because of their ability to increase vascular permeability and act as chemotactic agents for phagocytic cells. In addit ...
Document
... B Cells: these cells do not travel to the thymus after they have been made like T cells do. They travel in the blood stream "looking" for foreign antigens. When it locates an antigen, it splits into plasma cells which produce antibodies. ...
... B Cells: these cells do not travel to the thymus after they have been made like T cells do. They travel in the blood stream "looking" for foreign antigens. When it locates an antigen, it splits into plasma cells which produce antibodies. ...
Poster
... absorb nutrients into your intestines to create healthy digestive system. In Celiacs, there is an immune response to a gluten protein that results in an inflammatory response. ...
... absorb nutrients into your intestines to create healthy digestive system. In Celiacs, there is an immune response to a gluten protein that results in an inflammatory response. ...
infection and microbial pathogenecity (host microbe
... association to MHC II mol of APC. These activated ‘T’ cells secrete lymphokines. ...
... association to MHC II mol of APC. These activated ‘T’ cells secrete lymphokines. ...
Ch. 8 White blood cells
... Destroy cells mainly by phagocytosis or ‘eating’ them and also by activating other immune cells ...
... Destroy cells mainly by phagocytosis or ‘eating’ them and also by activating other immune cells ...
Chapter 8
... • Produced by cells infected with viruses; act on neighboring cells to prevent infection • Mechanics of the action are – Direct: produces cellular enzymes that prevent viral protein synthesis and destruction of viral ...
... • Produced by cells infected with viruses; act on neighboring cells to prevent infection • Mechanics of the action are – Direct: produces cellular enzymes that prevent viral protein synthesis and destruction of viral ...
Drugs to Treat Autoimmune Diseases
... similarities with host antigen and when an antibody is produced, it can bind to host antigen • Idiotype Cross Reaction- A cross reaction between the idiotype (molecule recognized by antigen) on an antiviral antibody and a host cell receptor for the virus in question • Cytokine Dysregulation- Certain ...
... similarities with host antigen and when an antibody is produced, it can bind to host antigen • Idiotype Cross Reaction- A cross reaction between the idiotype (molecule recognized by antigen) on an antiviral antibody and a host cell receptor for the virus in question • Cytokine Dysregulation- Certain ...
Lymphatic System
... • Contain lactic acid that inhibits bacterial/fungal growth – Shedding of skin • Mucous memebranes – Harbor bacteria but possess effective defenses – Contain antibacterial enzymes – Traps debris & organisms that enter mouth or nose – Cilia sweep mucus and microbes out of the body – Expelled via coug ...
... • Contain lactic acid that inhibits bacterial/fungal growth – Shedding of skin • Mucous memebranes – Harbor bacteria but possess effective defenses – Contain antibacterial enzymes – Traps debris & organisms that enter mouth or nose – Cilia sweep mucus and microbes out of the body – Expelled via coug ...
Outline for Combined Document
... (molecular) if know. Include relevant natural host and experimental systems. If appropriate, discussion of pathogens could incorporate both natural and experimental infection or, in some cases, it may be clearer to separate the two. In addition to text with the following section, please provide diag ...
... (molecular) if know. Include relevant natural host and experimental systems. If appropriate, discussion of pathogens could incorporate both natural and experimental infection or, in some cases, it may be clearer to separate the two. In addition to text with the following section, please provide diag ...
Immune Response – Overview
... Phagocytes ("phago-"=eating, "cyte"=cell) migrate to affected areas and engulf pathogens. Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytic white blood cells. This migration of white blood cells causes the redness and inflammation associated with infection. Some cells of innate immunity are of special impo ...
... Phagocytes ("phago-"=eating, "cyte"=cell) migrate to affected areas and engulf pathogens. Neutrophils and macrophages are phagocytic white blood cells. This migration of white blood cells causes the redness and inflammation associated with infection. Some cells of innate immunity are of special impo ...
Document
... B. function in the removal of damaged erythrocytes from the circulation. C. act as the major source of stem cells and thus help to maintain hematopoiesis. D. provide an infrastructure that on antigenic stimulation contains large populations of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. E. are the sites of NK-c ...
... B. function in the removal of damaged erythrocytes from the circulation. C. act as the major source of stem cells and thus help to maintain hematopoiesis. D. provide an infrastructure that on antigenic stimulation contains large populations of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. E. are the sites of NK-c ...
The Lymphatic System Immunity
... secretion of interleukin-I which helps activate T helper cells (also called CD4 or T4 cells) TH cells secrete IL-2 which enhances B cell activity and costimulates cytotoxic T cells (CD8 or T8 cells) ...
... secretion of interleukin-I which helps activate T helper cells (also called CD4 or T4 cells) TH cells secrete IL-2 which enhances B cell activity and costimulates cytotoxic T cells (CD8 or T8 cells) ...
drugs and meds answers antivirals
... 1) Compare viruses and bacteria in terms of size, cell structure, and reproduction. Bacteria are a cell and have cell wall, cytoplasm, and nucleus, virus just dna in protein coat Bacteria are much larger than virus Bacteria reproduce by cell division, virus uses host cell to replicate its dna ...
... 1) Compare viruses and bacteria in terms of size, cell structure, and reproduction. Bacteria are a cell and have cell wall, cytoplasm, and nucleus, virus just dna in protein coat Bacteria are much larger than virus Bacteria reproduce by cell division, virus uses host cell to replicate its dna ...
Immunological Techniques in Research and Clinical Medicine
... Research and Diagnosis • You can make an antibody to practically anything • Monoclonal antibodies have a single specificity, so the immunogen need not be pure (e.g., whole cells or lysates) • Antibodies are stable (decades at ‐20C!) • They can be covalently coupled to enzymes, chromophores, bio ...
... Research and Diagnosis • You can make an antibody to practically anything • Monoclonal antibodies have a single specificity, so the immunogen need not be pure (e.g., whole cells or lysates) • Antibodies are stable (decades at ‐20C!) • They can be covalently coupled to enzymes, chromophores, bio ...
Document
... Escape mechanisms: Cerqueira-Rodrigues How Mycobacterium avium controls the thymic development of Tregs Vasco Rodrigues How Leishmania impairs TFh development and germinal centre responses Exploration of new tissues that contribute to the immune response: Luzia Teixeira Adipose Tissue New candidate ...
... Escape mechanisms: Cerqueira-Rodrigues How Mycobacterium avium controls the thymic development of Tregs Vasco Rodrigues How Leishmania impairs TFh development and germinal centre responses Exploration of new tissues that contribute to the immune response: Luzia Teixeira Adipose Tissue New candidate ...
Innate immune system
The innate immune system, also known as the nonspecific immune system, is an important subsystem of the overall immune system that comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms. The cells of the innate system recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, but, unlike the adaptive immune system (which is found only in vertebrates), it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host. Innate immune systems provide immediate defense against infection, and are found in all classes of plant and animal life. They include both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.The innate immune system is an evolutionarily older defense strategy, and is the dominant immune system found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms.The major functions of the vertebrate innate immune system include: Recruiting immune cells to sites of infection, through the production of chemical factors, including specialized chemical mediators, called cytokines Activation of the complement cascade to identify bacteria, activate cells, and promote clearance of antibody complexes or dead cells The identification and removal of foreign substances present in organs, tissues, the blood and lymph, by specialised white blood cells Activation of the adaptive immune system through a process known as antigen presentation Acting as a physical and chemical barrier to infectious agents.↑ ↑ ↑