Diacylglycerol kinase zeta in hypothalamus interacts with long form leptin receptor. Relation to dietary fat and body weight regulation
... The abbreviations used are: DGK, diacylglycerol kinase; Jak, Janus kinase; STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription; RTPCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; Trx, thioredoxin; RDA, representational difference analysis; GST, glutathione S-transferase. ...
... The abbreviations used are: DGK, diacylglycerol kinase; Jak, Janus kinase; STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription; RTPCR, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; Trx, thioredoxin; RDA, representational difference analysis; GST, glutathione S-transferase. ...
The Plasmodium 6-cysteine protein family in sexual and sporozoite
... and end up in the liver sinusoid where they migrate through Kupffer cells and traverse through hepatocytes before colonizing inside a hepatocyte. During the invasion process a host derived membrane is formed around the parasite, the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), and the parasite remains in ...
... and end up in the liver sinusoid where they migrate through Kupffer cells and traverse through hepatocytes before colonizing inside a hepatocyte. During the invasion process a host derived membrane is formed around the parasite, the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM), and the parasite remains in ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... proteins are encoded by two genes, CLTC and CLTD, at 17q23.2 and 22q11.21 and are 85% similar at the amino acid level. In this review, CHC17 will be referred to as CHC and only as CHC17 when it is necessary to distinguish it from CHC22. Humans also have two clathrin light chains, a and b (LCa, 218 r ...
... proteins are encoded by two genes, CLTC and CLTD, at 17q23.2 and 22q11.21 and are 85% similar at the amino acid level. In this review, CHC17 will be referred to as CHC and only as CHC17 when it is necessary to distinguish it from CHC22. Humans also have two clathrin light chains, a and b (LCa, 218 r ...
Ribosomal Stalk Protein L12: Structure, Function and
... The ribosome is composed of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) arranged in two subunits, the large subunit is about twice the size of the small subunit. The ribosomes, ribosomal subunits and rRNAs are called by their sedimentation coefficient (S). The intact ribosome is calle ...
... The ribosome is composed of ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) and ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) arranged in two subunits, the large subunit is about twice the size of the small subunit. The ribosomes, ribosomal subunits and rRNAs are called by their sedimentation coefficient (S). The intact ribosome is calle ...
New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... The first and the most studied one is NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which is a flavin-containing quinone reductase with a broad substrate specificity [34]. NQO1 is present in all tissues types and induced along with a battery of defensive genes in response to stresses including xenobiotics, ...
... The first and the most studied one is NADH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which is a flavin-containing quinone reductase with a broad substrate specificity [34]. NQO1 is present in all tissues types and induced along with a battery of defensive genes in response to stresses including xenobiotics, ...
Direct redox modulation of p53 protein: potential sources of redox
... Summary Appropriate response to environmental stressors is essential for life. Many stressors, such as UV light, ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), heat shock and hypoxia alter the redox potential of the cell. Recently, it has been shown that some of these stressors promote dir ...
... Summary Appropriate response to environmental stressors is essential for life. Many stressors, such as UV light, ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), heat shock and hypoxia alter the redox potential of the cell. Recently, it has been shown that some of these stressors promote dir ...
Review of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene and its Role in Gliomas
... genes that not only stimulate growth as proto-oncogenes do, but also act to constrain growth, as is the case with tumor suppressor genes. Cells therefore receive not only growth stimulatory signals (received by proto-oncogene proteins), but also growth-inhibitory signals (received by proteins speci ...
... genes that not only stimulate growth as proto-oncogenes do, but also act to constrain growth, as is the case with tumor suppressor genes. Cells therefore receive not only growth stimulatory signals (received by proto-oncogene proteins), but also growth-inhibitory signals (received by proteins speci ...
Leukaemia Section 3q rearrangements in myeloid malignancies Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
... Ectopic expression of an intact or truncated EVI1 transcript has been reported as a result of 3q26 rearrangements. Generally, 3q26 breakpoints map 3' to EVI1 in the inv(3) while the t(3;3) breakpoints more frequently reside 5' to EVI1. In addition expression of GR6/EVI1 and RPN1/EVI1 chimeras have b ...
... Ectopic expression of an intact or truncated EVI1 transcript has been reported as a result of 3q26 rearrangements. Generally, 3q26 breakpoints map 3' to EVI1 in the inv(3) while the t(3;3) breakpoints more frequently reside 5' to EVI1. In addition expression of GR6/EVI1 and RPN1/EVI1 chimeras have b ...
Table S1.
... a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism [goid 46961] [evidence IEA]; Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the re ...
... a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the reaction: ATP + H2O + H+(in) = ADP + phosphate + H+(out), by a rotational mechanism [goid 46961] [evidence IEA]; Catalysis of the transfer of a solute or solutes from one side of a membrane to the other according to the re ...
Escherichia coli FtsZ polymers contain mostly GTP and
... (after correcting for the GTP hydrolysed during the first minute). In this case, the polymers had a high GTPase activity and, therefore, the fast incorporation of the label to the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysi ...
... (after correcting for the GTP hydrolysed during the first minute). In this case, the polymers had a high GTPase activity and, therefore, the fast incorporation of the label to the protein might be the result of a high FtsZ monomer turnover through the polymers driven by GTP hydrolysis. The hydrolysi ...
NO sensing by FNR: regulation of the Escherichia coli NO
... A putative FNR box, TTGAG----ATCAA, with a strong resemblance to the consensus FNR-binding sequence is centred at position +5.5 in the Phmp region. To determine whether the putative FNR box is actually recognized by FNR, mutations were made in which the central G (underlined above) was mutated to A, ...
... A putative FNR box, TTGAG----ATCAA, with a strong resemblance to the consensus FNR-binding sequence is centred at position +5.5 in the Phmp region. To determine whether the putative FNR box is actually recognized by FNR, mutations were made in which the central G (underlined above) was mutated to A, ...
Animal Models in Eye Research
... of the greatest debates in the eye field is how many times eyes have evolved independently during evolution and if there is a common ancestor. Based on the different types, it is obvious that eyes have evolved more than once. Also embryology teaches us that in different species eyes derive from diff ...
... of the greatest debates in the eye field is how many times eyes have evolved independently during evolution and if there is a common ancestor. Based on the different types, it is obvious that eyes have evolved more than once. Also embryology teaches us that in different species eyes derive from diff ...
Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of
... storage vacuoles and a distinctly different kind of organelle, which we have called secondary vacuoles. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy showed that these two types of vacuole occur in both GA- and ABA-treated aleurone protoplasts (Figure 1). In Figure 1, the plane of focus was se ...
... storage vacuoles and a distinctly different kind of organelle, which we have called secondary vacuoles. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy showed that these two types of vacuole occur in both GA- and ABA-treated aleurone protoplasts (Figure 1). In Figure 1, the plane of focus was se ...
inactivation of the odontogenic ameloblast
... and apical down-growth. In addition, its regeneration was delayed following a gingivectomy challenge. Our results indicate that inactivation of Odam expression has no dramatic consequence on enamel but the phenotype in older animals replicates some JE changes seen during human periodontal disease. A ...
... and apical down-growth. In addition, its regeneration was delayed following a gingivectomy challenge. Our results indicate that inactivation of Odam expression has no dramatic consequence on enamel but the phenotype in older animals replicates some JE changes seen during human periodontal disease. A ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate a ...
... Lis1 is required for nuclear migration in fungi, cell cycle progression in mammals, and the formation of a folded cerebral cortex in humans. Lis1 binds dynactin and the dynein motor complex, but the role of Lis1 in many dynein/dynactindependent processes is not clearly understood. Here we generate a ...
Alternative mRNA Splicing Generates the Two
... activase. As noted above, however, rubisco activase comprises two polypeptides in vivo. Antibodies bound to and subsequently eluted from either the 41-kD or 45-kD spinach polypeptide reacted strongly with both polypeptides on immunoblots (Werneke, Zielinski, and Ogren, 1988). This cross-reactivity i ...
... activase. As noted above, however, rubisco activase comprises two polypeptides in vivo. Antibodies bound to and subsequently eluted from either the 41-kD or 45-kD spinach polypeptide reacted strongly with both polypeptides on immunoblots (Werneke, Zielinski, and Ogren, 1988). This cross-reactivity i ...
... crucial roles with regard to the apoplastic barrier. Potatoes deficient in FHT are characterized by a large reduction of ferulate in both suberin and waxes, displaying a periderm that is a 14-fold more permeable to water compared with wild-type potatoes (Serra et al., 2010b). The above statement is ...
Chapter 6 Slides
... structure based on sequence – Chou-Fasman: each amino acid is assigned a "propensity" for forming helices or sheets – Chou-Fasman is only modestly successful and doesn't predict how sheets and helices arrange – George Rose may be much closer to solving the ...
... structure based on sequence – Chou-Fasman: each amino acid is assigned a "propensity" for forming helices or sheets – Chou-Fasman is only modestly successful and doesn't predict how sheets and helices arrange – George Rose may be much closer to solving the ...
Euglena gracilis ascorbate peroxidase forms an intramolecular
... APXs are quite limited in number and distribution. The APX in Euglena gracilis is restricted to the cytosol with no isoform found in chloroplasts or other organelles [8]. Furthermore, the AsA–glutathione cycle involving monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reduc ...
... APXs are quite limited in number and distribution. The APX in Euglena gracilis is restricted to the cytosol with no isoform found in chloroplasts or other organelles [8]. Furthermore, the AsA–glutathione cycle involving monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reduc ...
Expression, purification and characterization of azurin derived
... in the N-terminal of the target peptide. From the three constructions, Azu 1-50 and Azu 1-77 were successfully expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) (4h incubation at 37°C and inducted with 0.2 mM IPTG) albeit in lower quantities that should be desired. Both peptides were purified in a NiNTA column and des ...
... in the N-terminal of the target peptide. From the three constructions, Azu 1-50 and Azu 1-77 were successfully expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) (4h incubation at 37°C and inducted with 0.2 mM IPTG) albeit in lower quantities that should be desired. Both peptides were purified in a NiNTA column and des ...
TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the
... fractions of Chlamydomonas cells that had been shifted from 41 to 145 µmol photons m- ...
... fractions of Chlamydomonas cells that had been shifted from 41 to 145 µmol photons m- ...
The cuticle
... To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] ...
... To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] ...
Presentation - European Bioinformatics Institute
... The contributes_to qualifier • Where an individual gene product that is part of a complex can be annotated to terms that describe the action (function or process) of the whole complex • contributes_to is not needed to annotate a catalytic subunit. Furthermore, contributes_to may be used for any non ...
... The contributes_to qualifier • Where an individual gene product that is part of a complex can be annotated to terms that describe the action (function or process) of the whole complex • contributes_to is not needed to annotate a catalytic subunit. Furthermore, contributes_to may be used for any non ...
A family of thermostable fungal cellulases created by structure-guided recombination
... already had half-lives of ⬎50 h, we chose residual hydrolytic activity toward PASC after a 12-h thermal inactivation at 63 °C as the metric for preliminary evaluation. This 12-h incubation produced a measurable decrease in the activity of the sample set’s most thermostable chimera, 11113132, and com ...
... already had half-lives of ⬎50 h, we chose residual hydrolytic activity toward PASC after a 12-h thermal inactivation at 63 °C as the metric for preliminary evaluation. This 12-h incubation produced a measurable decrease in the activity of the sample set’s most thermostable chimera, 11113132, and com ...
Heterozygous LmnadelK32 mice develop dilated
... peripheral nerves) or several systems (progeroid syndromes) with overlapping phenotypes. Among the LMNA mutations identified so far, most of them lead to cardiac diseases (DCM-CD) isolated or associated with skeletal muscles involvement, e.g. LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (5), Emery-Dre ...
... peripheral nerves) or several systems (progeroid syndromes) with overlapping phenotypes. Among the LMNA mutations identified so far, most of them lead to cardiac diseases (DCM-CD) isolated or associated with skeletal muscles involvement, e.g. LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (5), Emery-Dre ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.