Supplementary experimental procedures
... contigs containing at least one PBS gene were manually curated. PBS subunit sequences from previously published datasets (Table S3) were also queried in a BLASTP search against the NCBI RefSeq database as in the second step of the RBB search above. Sequences that did not have either of the picocyano ...
... contigs containing at least one PBS gene were manually curated. PBS subunit sequences from previously published datasets (Table S3) were also queried in a BLASTP search against the NCBI RefSeq database as in the second step of the RBB search above. Sequences that did not have either of the picocyano ...
1. Amino acids. Of all data abstractions in
... structure, function, active sites, even catalytic mechanism, this empirical fact can generate useful hypotheses about how function of one protein might be inferred from the relatedness to another. The assumption is difficult to test and involves comparing how many aspects other than structure and se ...
... structure, function, active sites, even catalytic mechanism, this empirical fact can generate useful hypotheses about how function of one protein might be inferred from the relatedness to another. The assumption is difficult to test and involves comparing how many aspects other than structure and se ...
gene expression analysis of chondrocyte mechanical response by
... matrix, NMDA1 in the membrane, and CLOCK in the nucleus. Discussion: Our microarray data not only confirmed mechanosensitive genes identified previously, such as osteopontin and glutamate receptor NMDA1, but also suggested unexpected genes, such as those in retinoic acid signaling and circadian cloc ...
... matrix, NMDA1 in the membrane, and CLOCK in the nucleus. Discussion: Our microarray data not only confirmed mechanosensitive genes identified previously, such as osteopontin and glutamate receptor NMDA1, but also suggested unexpected genes, such as those in retinoic acid signaling and circadian cloc ...
Document
... paralogous genes in human, TPPP1, TPPP2 and TPPP3 (TPPP/p25, TPPP2/p18 and TPPP3/p20 at protein level) [5]. These paralogs can also be found in mammals, birds and reptiles. In fish, three paralogs exist as well; tppp1 and tppp3 are the orthologs of the corresponding human genes/proteins, however, th ...
... paralogous genes in human, TPPP1, TPPP2 and TPPP3 (TPPP/p25, TPPP2/p18 and TPPP3/p20 at protein level) [5]. These paralogs can also be found in mammals, birds and reptiles. In fish, three paralogs exist as well; tppp1 and tppp3 are the orthologs of the corresponding human genes/proteins, however, th ...
3 macromolecules no pics pdf
... the common Uracil (Only possible when the Sugar on the S-P backbone loses an oxygen) • This one change allowed for the RNA to hairpin loop, and remain looped in the form of a double strand ...
... the common Uracil (Only possible when the Sugar on the S-P backbone loses an oxygen) • This one change allowed for the RNA to hairpin loop, and remain looped in the form of a double strand ...
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
... discussing the important finding that regions made up of specific ammo acid sequences are associated with specific functions in protein molecules. Such sequences, usually between 50 and 300 amino acids, constitute what are called protein domains and are represented by modular portions of the protein ...
... discussing the important finding that regions made up of specific ammo acid sequences are associated with specific functions in protein molecules. Such sequences, usually between 50 and 300 amino acids, constitute what are called protein domains and are represented by modular portions of the protein ...
Biochemical Pathways - NCEA Level 2 Biology
... Albinism The most common type of Albinism is due to lack of the enzyme E3 that makes melanin from tyrosine. Because Albino people cannot make melanin, they have white hair and pink eyes, and their eyes and skin are very sensitive to sunlight. Albinism is widespread in the animal ...
... Albinism The most common type of Albinism is due to lack of the enzyme E3 that makes melanin from tyrosine. Because Albino people cannot make melanin, they have white hair and pink eyes, and their eyes and skin are very sensitive to sunlight. Albinism is widespread in the animal ...
FREEMAN MEDIA INTEGRATION GUIDE Chapter 7: Inside the Cell
... not require energy and is an example of passive transport. In another experiment, an investigator injects a solution of large, fluorescently labeled proteins into a cell’s cytoplasm. These proteins have a molecular weight much greater than 60,000 daltons. Proteins this large cannot diffuse through c ...
... not require energy and is an example of passive transport. In another experiment, an investigator injects a solution of large, fluorescently labeled proteins into a cell’s cytoplasm. These proteins have a molecular weight much greater than 60,000 daltons. Proteins this large cannot diffuse through c ...
proteomics_intro
... • Only certain types of Mass Spec are used in proteomics – MALDI, SELDI or Electrospray ion sources – Time of Flight, Quadrupole or Fourier Transform ...
... • Only certain types of Mass Spec are used in proteomics – MALDI, SELDI or Electrospray ion sources – Time of Flight, Quadrupole or Fourier Transform ...
Chapter 14 Review
... Write a hypothesis for this experiment! 11. You want to know if studying improves grades. To test this you take 50 sophomores with the same GPA (3.0) and have half of them review biology concepts using flashcards for 10 minutes a day; the other students do not (they play Pacman instead). You will c ...
... Write a hypothesis for this experiment! 11. You want to know if studying improves grades. To test this you take 50 sophomores with the same GPA (3.0) and have half of them review biology concepts using flashcards for 10 minutes a day; the other students do not (they play Pacman instead). You will c ...
Mouse anti-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma, RPTPσ
... Background information: Type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are a group of well-characterized proteins that are involved in axon growth and guidance during neural development. Members of this subfamily, RPTPσ, RPTPδ and LAR contain two cytoplasmic phosphatase domains and extracel ...
... Background information: Type IIa receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) are a group of well-characterized proteins that are involved in axon growth and guidance during neural development. Members of this subfamily, RPTPσ, RPTPδ and LAR contain two cytoplasmic phosphatase domains and extracel ...
Fri. 9/19 and Wed. 9/24 Organelles
... DNA as Chromosomes Structure • Chromatin that is coiled up tightly during cell division ...
... DNA as Chromosomes Structure • Chromatin that is coiled up tightly during cell division ...
Bioinformatics Drug Design
... agonists/antagonists (for receptors) •Ligands for receptors normally bind via a non-covalent reversible binding. •Enzyme inhibitors have a wide range of modes:non-covalent reversible,covalent reversible/irreversible or suicide inhibition. •Enzymes prefer to bind transition states (reaction intermedi ...
... agonists/antagonists (for receptors) •Ligands for receptors normally bind via a non-covalent reversible binding. •Enzyme inhibitors have a wide range of modes:non-covalent reversible,covalent reversible/irreversible or suicide inhibition. •Enzymes prefer to bind transition states (reaction intermedi ...
secstruct
... Why: experimental methods, X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, are very time-consuming and relatively expensive. ...
... Why: experimental methods, X-ray crystallography or NMR spectroscopy, are very time-consuming and relatively expensive. ...
Case Study #1 Use of bioinformatics in drug development
... agonists/antagonists (for receptors) •Ligands for receptors normally bind via a non-covalent reversible binding. •Enzyme inhibitors have a wide range of modes:non-covalent reversible,covalent reversible/irreversible or suicide inhibition. •Enzymes prefer to bind transition states (reaction intermedi ...
... agonists/antagonists (for receptors) •Ligands for receptors normally bind via a non-covalent reversible binding. •Enzyme inhibitors have a wide range of modes:non-covalent reversible,covalent reversible/irreversible or suicide inhibition. •Enzymes prefer to bind transition states (reaction intermedi ...
ANIONIC EXCHANGE FRACTIONATION
... The diagnostic value for all these three peaks was demonstrated in highly significant receiver operated characteristic (ROC) plots showing areas under the curves (AUC) well above 0.9. ...
... The diagnostic value for all these three peaks was demonstrated in highly significant receiver operated characteristic (ROC) plots showing areas under the curves (AUC) well above 0.9. ...
Jananposter - Department of Mathematics
... Abstract Statistical coupling analysis can be applied to alignments of related proteins to examine “sectors” in the sequences that are evolving independently of each other. Our application of this technique to the D1 protein of photosystem II identified 4 significant sectors and we assigned differen ...
... Abstract Statistical coupling analysis can be applied to alignments of related proteins to examine “sectors” in the sequences that are evolving independently of each other. Our application of this technique to the D1 protein of photosystem II identified 4 significant sectors and we assigned differen ...
Chapter 3: Section 3.2
... 2 amino acids =dipeptide many amino acids=polypeptide proteins can have more than one polypeptide chain ...
... 2 amino acids =dipeptide many amino acids=polypeptide proteins can have more than one polypeptide chain ...
A1989AH94200001
... May 12, 1989 wanted to discuss the meaning of coenplementation maps, so far as there was any (I finally concluded that they would remain uninterpretable so long as the three.sjimensional structures of the proteins In the classical genetics of the 1930s and the remained unknown). 1940s, the gene was ...
... May 12, 1989 wanted to discuss the meaning of coenplementation maps, so far as there was any (I finally concluded that they would remain uninterpretable so long as the three.sjimensional structures of the proteins In the classical genetics of the 1930s and the remained unknown). 1940s, the gene was ...
Gene Section RAP1A (RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family)
... two isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B that share 95% identity and are encoded by two different genes. Rap1 proteins share 50% identity with Ras proteins, including the regions involved in GDP/GTP binding (hence Rap1A has very similar biochemical properties to Ras), C-terminal CAAX domain leading to prenylat ...
... two isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B that share 95% identity and are encoded by two different genes. Rap1 proteins share 50% identity with Ras proteins, including the regions involved in GDP/GTP binding (hence Rap1A has very similar biochemical properties to Ras), C-terminal CAAX domain leading to prenylat ...
Heat Shock Protein 70
... Summary and Explanation: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are an important part of the cell's machinery for protein folding and help to protect cells from stress. HSPs are expressed in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental insults including anticancer chemotherapy, thus allowing so ...
... Summary and Explanation: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are an important part of the cell's machinery for protein folding and help to protect cells from stress. HSPs are expressed in response to a wide variety of physiological and environmental insults including anticancer chemotherapy, thus allowing so ...
Chapter 15 Regulation of Cell Number Normal and Cancer Cells
... cyclin's gene (so that no new mRNA is produced), a high degree of instability of the cyclin mRNA (so that the existing pool of mRNA is eliminated), and a high level of instability of the cyclin itself (so that the pool of cyclin protein is destroyed). Cyclin-dependent protein kinases also constitute ...
... cyclin's gene (so that no new mRNA is produced), a high degree of instability of the cyclin mRNA (so that the existing pool of mRNA is eliminated), and a high level of instability of the cyclin itself (so that the pool of cyclin protein is destroyed). Cyclin-dependent protein kinases also constitute ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.