Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... transcribed to produce RNA? • How is RNA translated into proteins? • What are mutations? ...
... transcribed to produce RNA? • How is RNA translated into proteins? • What are mutations? ...
REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION
... expression control called epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetic inheritance refers to inherited gene expression pattern independent of modifications in DNA sequence. It concerns alternative heritable expression of genes that occur throughout the whole life of an organism and usually expand to its offsp ...
... expression control called epigenetic inheritance. Epigenetic inheritance refers to inherited gene expression pattern independent of modifications in DNA sequence. It concerns alternative heritable expression of genes that occur throughout the whole life of an organism and usually expand to its offsp ...
Carbohydrates - Corden Pharma
... cellulose and chitin have been understood for many years. Advances in the relatively new field of glycobiology, however, have revealed the vital roles played by structurally complex carbohydrates in organisms at a molecular level. ...
... cellulose and chitin have been understood for many years. Advances in the relatively new field of glycobiology, however, have revealed the vital roles played by structurally complex carbohydrates in organisms at a molecular level. ...
Chapter 19 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Their
... Genes that specify cellular components that perform housekeeping function—for example, the ribosomal RNAs and proteins involved in protein synthesis—are expressed constitutively. Other genes often are expressed only when their products are required for growth. ...
... Genes that specify cellular components that perform housekeeping function—for example, the ribosomal RNAs and proteins involved in protein synthesis—are expressed constitutively. Other genes often are expressed only when their products are required for growth. ...
Dr Ishtiaq Lecture at GC Faisalabad
... • Abacavir is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) . • Its main side effect is hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). • HSR is associated with ethnicity. A significantly increased risk of abacavir-induced HSR in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)B ...
... • Abacavir is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) . • Its main side effect is hypersensitivity reaction (HSR). • HSR is associated with ethnicity. A significantly increased risk of abacavir-induced HSR in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)B ...
Document
... The Gene Ontology project precipitated a generalized implementation for ontologies for molecular biology Bio-ontologies and other annotation standards facilitate development of logic inference systems for hypothesis generation in biological systems TJL-2004 ...
... The Gene Ontology project precipitated a generalized implementation for ontologies for molecular biology Bio-ontologies and other annotation standards facilitate development of logic inference systems for hypothesis generation in biological systems TJL-2004 ...
Cell membrane ppt Plasma mb ppt
... Enzymatic activity Attachment to the cytoskeleton and ECM Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining Signal transduction ...
... Enzymatic activity Attachment to the cytoskeleton and ECM Cell-cell recognition Intercellular joining Signal transduction ...
Gene Section COL1A1 (collagen, type I, alpha 1) in Oncology and Haematology
... fibrosarcoma and Bednar tumours present specific cytogenetic features such as reciprocal translocations t(17;22)(q22;q13.1) (Fig A) or, more often, supernumerary ring chromosomes derived from t(17;22) (B). As shown by FISH analysis, the ring chromosomes contain chromosome 22 centromere and low-level ...
... fibrosarcoma and Bednar tumours present specific cytogenetic features such as reciprocal translocations t(17;22)(q22;q13.1) (Fig A) or, more often, supernumerary ring chromosomes derived from t(17;22) (B). As shown by FISH analysis, the ring chromosomes contain chromosome 22 centromere and low-level ...
Genome & Protein “ Sequence Analysis Programs”
... a query sequence or target sequence a sequence database. Search for high scoring sequence alignments. Three stages of BLAST: 1st stage, BLAST searches for exact matches of a small fixed length W between the query and sequences in the database. 2nd stage, BLAST tries to extend the match in both ...
... a query sequence or target sequence a sequence database. Search for high scoring sequence alignments. Three stages of BLAST: 1st stage, BLAST searches for exact matches of a small fixed length W between the query and sequences in the database. 2nd stage, BLAST tries to extend the match in both ...
Different forms of the bovine PrP gene have five or six copies of a
... seen in the N-terminal region of the human PrP protein (Owen et al., 1990; Collinge et al., 1989). These data and the occurrence of BSE have rekindled debate on the aetiology and persistence of these spongiform encephalopathies (Parry, 1979; Kimberlin, 1979; Westaway & Prusiner, 1990) and have led u ...
... seen in the N-terminal region of the human PrP protein (Owen et al., 1990; Collinge et al., 1989). These data and the occurrence of BSE have rekindled debate on the aetiology and persistence of these spongiform encephalopathies (Parry, 1979; Kimberlin, 1979; Westaway & Prusiner, 1990) and have led u ...
Absorption, transport, storage of metal ions. Biomineralisation A
... ~ 5-10 % in Cu(II)-albumin complex ~ 90-95 % bound to ceruloplasmin. Based on these data ceruloplasmin was considered earlier as the copper transporter, but more recent data point to the role of albumin. Albumin binds copper unusually in an oligopeptide-like manner at the N-terminus. This binding mo ...
... ~ 5-10 % in Cu(II)-albumin complex ~ 90-95 % bound to ceruloplasmin. Based on these data ceruloplasmin was considered earlier as the copper transporter, but more recent data point to the role of albumin. Albumin binds copper unusually in an oligopeptide-like manner at the N-terminus. This binding mo ...
Leukaemia Section t(9;12)(q34;p13) ETV6/ABL1 Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
... The ETV6 gene spans a region of less than 250 kb at band 12p13.1 and consists of 8 exons. There are two start codons, one (exon 1a starting at codon 1) located at the beginning of the gene and another alternative (exon 1b starting at codon 43) upstream of exon 3. Protein The ETV6 protein (452 amino ...
... The ETV6 gene spans a region of less than 250 kb at band 12p13.1 and consists of 8 exons. There are two start codons, one (exon 1a starting at codon 1) located at the beginning of the gene and another alternative (exon 1b starting at codon 43) upstream of exon 3. Protein The ETV6 protein (452 amino ...
Genetics in Sports
... The leg muscles of mice treated with IGF-1 (right) are bigger than the leg muscles of untreated mice (left). ...
... The leg muscles of mice treated with IGF-1 (right) are bigger than the leg muscles of untreated mice (left). ...
Protein synthesis
... PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The base sequence of DNA codes for the amino acids that make up a protein (one gene codes for one polypeptide). A sequence of 3 bases in DNA, a triplet, codes for an amino acid. Protein synthesis takes place in cell organelles called ribosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm ...
... PROTEIN SYNTHESIS The base sequence of DNA codes for the amino acids that make up a protein (one gene codes for one polypeptide). A sequence of 3 bases in DNA, a triplet, codes for an amino acid. Protein synthesis takes place in cell organelles called ribosomes, which are found in the cytoplasm ...
Protein Tyrosine Nitration
... A Repair mechanism “Denitrase” Loss of antigenic binding without apparent protein degradation Exhibit different kinetics towards different nitrated protein substrates Does not function when 3-nitrotyrosine or 3-nitrotyrosine peptides are used as substrates The activity in rat tissues appear ...
... A Repair mechanism “Denitrase” Loss of antigenic binding without apparent protein degradation Exhibit different kinetics towards different nitrated protein substrates Does not function when 3-nitrotyrosine or 3-nitrotyrosine peptides are used as substrates The activity in rat tissues appear ...
Protein RNA DNA - Molecular Systems Biology
... used for generating and improving contextspecific biological networks including protein– protein interaction, regulatory, signaling, and metabolic networks in order to gain further insights into the differences in cellular functions across tissues. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) that can be re ...
... used for generating and improving contextspecific biological networks including protein– protein interaction, regulatory, signaling, and metabolic networks in order to gain further insights into the differences in cellular functions across tissues. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) that can be re ...
Genetics and Genomics in Medicine Chapter 7 Questions
... What is the major natural role of the nonsense-mediated decay mechanism in our cells? Answer 7.24 It has a role in mRNA surveillance. Just like our cells have DNA surveillance mechanisms that check for DNA damage and then send signals that it should be repaired, there is a need to constantly monitor ...
... What is the major natural role of the nonsense-mediated decay mechanism in our cells? Answer 7.24 It has a role in mRNA surveillance. Just like our cells have DNA surveillance mechanisms that check for DNA damage and then send signals that it should be repaired, there is a need to constantly monitor ...
Symposium Program
... and paracrine effectors in the cardiovascular system and kidney, where they promote vasodilation and act to inhibit systemic anti-inflammatory response (Spector et al., 2004). The enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) breaks down EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). An inhibitor of sEH ...
... and paracrine effectors in the cardiovascular system and kidney, where they promote vasodilation and act to inhibit systemic anti-inflammatory response (Spector et al., 2004). The enzyme soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) breaks down EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). An inhibitor of sEH ...
Cytochrome P450 3A4: The Impossible Protein
... this situation the drugs will not be oxidized in the same way that they would be if there were only one bound to the protein. This makes it difficult to administer more than one drug at once because of the possible effects that occur due to 3A4. In addition to having this binding property, 3A4 is t ...
... this situation the drugs will not be oxidized in the same way that they would be if there were only one bound to the protein. This makes it difficult to administer more than one drug at once because of the possible effects that occur due to 3A4. In addition to having this binding property, 3A4 is t ...
What is Chromatography?
... a protein from the "scientifically interesting" state to that of a full-fledged drug to be used in treating a specific disease. This discussion will focus on the work and tools of the chromatographer. ...
... a protein from the "scientifically interesting" state to that of a full-fledged drug to be used in treating a specific disease. This discussion will focus on the work and tools of the chromatographer. ...
How Do You Clone a Gene?
... as the parts of cells and body structures. Proteins have specific shapes called its conformation. In order for the proteins to work properly, they must have the correct conformation, which is unique to each protein. If a protein does not have the proper conformation, its biological activity may be de ...
... as the parts of cells and body structures. Proteins have specific shapes called its conformation. In order for the proteins to work properly, they must have the correct conformation, which is unique to each protein. If a protein does not have the proper conformation, its biological activity may be de ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.