Delivering of Proteins to the Plant Vacuole—An Update
... a GA-independent route in tobacco leaves, mediated by an internal signal [21]. Despite this new evidence of a GA-independent route to the lytic vacuole, the mechanisms behind the sorting at the ER level and the intracellular compartments involved are still unclear. Recently, Stigliano et al. [22] us ...
... a GA-independent route in tobacco leaves, mediated by an internal signal [21]. Despite this new evidence of a GA-independent route to the lytic vacuole, the mechanisms behind the sorting at the ER level and the intracellular compartments involved are still unclear. Recently, Stigliano et al. [22] us ...
PHL 424 1st SF
... inhibits the peptidyl transferase step of protein synthesis {i.e., it inhibits the transpeptidation reaction (1)} ……How? It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase site, thus the interaction between peptidyltransferase and its amino acid substrate cannot occur, and peptide bo ...
... inhibits the peptidyl transferase step of protein synthesis {i.e., it inhibits the transpeptidation reaction (1)} ……How? It binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit at the peptidyltransferase site, thus the interaction between peptidyltransferase and its amino acid substrate cannot occur, and peptide bo ...
Discrete molecular dynamics
... solvent MD simulation with no electrostatic force cutoffs will reach 19 picoseconds per day. These innovations make DMD simulations sufficiently fast that, with the use of coarse-grained models, the dynamics of large molecular complexes can be accessed on the timescale of seconds. Coarse-grained DMD ...
... solvent MD simulation with no electrostatic force cutoffs will reach 19 picoseconds per day. These innovations make DMD simulations sufficiently fast that, with the use of coarse-grained models, the dynamics of large molecular complexes can be accessed on the timescale of seconds. Coarse-grained DMD ...
Overcoming stalled translation in human mitochondria
... as ICT1 displays codon independent PTH activity, which a priori could cause premature peptide release (Richter et al., 2010). Since this does not occur physiologically, the associated PTH activity of ICT1 must be carefully controlled with an as yet undefined specificity. The current hypothesis is that ...
... as ICT1 displays codon independent PTH activity, which a priori could cause premature peptide release (Richter et al., 2010). Since this does not occur physiologically, the associated PTH activity of ICT1 must be carefully controlled with an as yet undefined specificity. The current hypothesis is that ...
The anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia gene (EDA) undergoes
... contains a 1176 bp open reading frame which is 91.4% identical to the coding region of the murine Ta-A transcript. A 3889 bp 3′-untranslated region follows the termination codon and contains a polyadenylation site (AATAAA) and a poly(A) tail at its 3′-end. Based on its great similarity to the mouse ...
... contains a 1176 bp open reading frame which is 91.4% identical to the coding region of the murine Ta-A transcript. A 3889 bp 3′-untranslated region follows the termination codon and contains a polyadenylation site (AATAAA) and a poly(A) tail at its 3′-end. Based on its great similarity to the mouse ...
Alternative splicing in human tumour viruses
... As well as controlling constitutive splicing, SR proteins regulate alternative splicing by promotion of proximal 5 -ss selection. Similarly, hnRNP proteins contribute to alternative splicing regulation by repression of ‘cassette’ exon inclusion in certain mRNAs [29]. Several diseases (e.g. spinal m ...
... As well as controlling constitutive splicing, SR proteins regulate alternative splicing by promotion of proximal 5 -ss selection. Similarly, hnRNP proteins contribute to alternative splicing regulation by repression of ‘cassette’ exon inclusion in certain mRNAs [29]. Several diseases (e.g. spinal m ...
SpoIIQ Anchors Membrane Proteins on Both Sides of
... spore formation localize to defined subcellular positions and this localization is critical for their activity. Upon the initiation of sporulation, the developing cell (called the sporangium) divides into two compartments of unequal size and dissimilar fates. The smaller compartment (the forespore) ...
... spore formation localize to defined subcellular positions and this localization is critical for their activity. Upon the initiation of sporulation, the developing cell (called the sporangium) divides into two compartments of unequal size and dissimilar fates. The smaller compartment (the forespore) ...
Acid Carboxypeptidases: Their Occurrence in Plants, Intracellular
... which has not passed through further development) and of the Angiosperms. Carboxypeptidase activity, finally, is present in the thermophilic fungi Talaromyces duponti (Ascomycetes) Humicula lanuginosa (Deuteromycetes); these enzymes, however, belong to a different family of alkaline carboxypeptidase ...
... which has not passed through further development) and of the Angiosperms. Carboxypeptidase activity, finally, is present in the thermophilic fungi Talaromyces duponti (Ascomycetes) Humicula lanuginosa (Deuteromycetes); these enzymes, however, belong to a different family of alkaline carboxypeptidase ...
Document
... (and as the data and biology allow) For example, the nature and rate of change can PAPER 36 be allowed to differ at different positions along the molecule, from one branch of the tree to another, through time, etc. Sites can be considered to be interdependent. © Mark Ragan 2004 ...
... (and as the data and biology allow) For example, the nature and rate of change can PAPER 36 be allowed to differ at different positions along the molecule, from one branch of the tree to another, through time, etc. Sites can be considered to be interdependent. © Mark Ragan 2004 ...
The response regulator 2 mediates ethylene signalling and
... 2002; Lorenzo et al, 2003). The majority of these genes are downregulated in the arr2 null mutant compared to wild type (Table I). However, we also observed a parallel up- and downregulation of genes within the same category (e.g. defense- and stress-related category; Table I). The microarray data w ...
... 2002; Lorenzo et al, 2003). The majority of these genes are downregulated in the arr2 null mutant compared to wild type (Table I). However, we also observed a parallel up- and downregulation of genes within the same category (e.g. defense- and stress-related category; Table I). The microarray data w ...
Enzymes
... Straw is plentiful and it could be used for the production of many organic substances. The first step is the conversion of cellulose to glucose. It has been suggested that an enzyme could be used for this process. There is a difficulty - the lignin that covers the cellulose would protect the cellul ...
... Straw is plentiful and it could be used for the production of many organic substances. The first step is the conversion of cellulose to glucose. It has been suggested that an enzyme could be used for this process. There is a difficulty - the lignin that covers the cellulose would protect the cellul ...
Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry for the analysis of protein
... content of 99% or more. Dilutions of 15-fold or greater will produce final deuterium concentrations of >95%. This serves to force the labeling reaction (k2) in one direction (see Eq. 3). However, with this labeling method the original protein sample is diluted. Such a dilution may not be compatible ...
... content of 99% or more. Dilutions of 15-fold or greater will produce final deuterium concentrations of >95%. This serves to force the labeling reaction (k2) in one direction (see Eq. 3). However, with this labeling method the original protein sample is diluted. Such a dilution may not be compatible ...
the unfolded protein response in yeast and mammals Chris
... chemistry of the overall reaction is more reminiscent of tRNA splicing than conventional mRNA splicing. In contrast to the spliceosomal case, where the 5′ splice site must be cleaved before the 3′ site, the HAC1 junctions may be cleaved in either order [7,9], as is the case for tRNA splicing, and th ...
... chemistry of the overall reaction is more reminiscent of tRNA splicing than conventional mRNA splicing. In contrast to the spliceosomal case, where the 5′ splice site must be cleaved before the 3′ site, the HAC1 junctions may be cleaved in either order [7,9], as is the case for tRNA splicing, and th ...
LP - Columbia University
... explain how to do that later. We're ignoring it now, because the gametes come out the same (for the one gene under consideration) whether there is crossing over or not. See Becker fig 20-13 [20-14] or Sadava fig. 12.19 (10.19). Crossing over occurs in both figures, but you still get two gametes with ...
... explain how to do that later. We're ignoring it now, because the gametes come out the same (for the one gene under consideration) whether there is crossing over or not. See Becker fig 20-13 [20-14] or Sadava fig. 12.19 (10.19). Crossing over occurs in both figures, but you still get two gametes with ...
The TACC proteins: TACC-ling microtubule dynamics and
... [26]. Other TACC family members have also been implicated in various events related to gene regulation, including the regulation of translation, RNA maturation and gene expression (Figure 1, Table 1) [13,25,27–31]. However, to date, no major common role has emerged for TACC proteins in these process ...
... [26]. Other TACC family members have also been implicated in various events related to gene regulation, including the regulation of translation, RNA maturation and gene expression (Figure 1, Table 1) [13,25,27–31]. However, to date, no major common role has emerged for TACC proteins in these process ...
Adaptation and Protein Quality Control Under Metalloid
... or the acquired change itself (noun). Physiological, biochemical and other changes during an organism’s life cycle will be referred to as acclimatizations. This distinction might seem somewhat arbitrary since the capacity for individuals to improve their fitness during stress must ultimately have a ...
... or the acquired change itself (noun). Physiological, biochemical and other changes during an organism’s life cycle will be referred to as acclimatizations. This distinction might seem somewhat arbitrary since the capacity for individuals to improve their fitness during stress must ultimately have a ...
The Abundance of Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Cdc4p Is
... Posttranslational modification of a protein by ubiquitin usually results in rapid degradation of the ubiquitinated protein by the proteasome. The transfer of ubiquitin to substrate is a multistep process. Cdc4p is a component of a ubiquitin ligase that tethers the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Cdc34p ...
... Posttranslational modification of a protein by ubiquitin usually results in rapid degradation of the ubiquitinated protein by the proteasome. The transfer of ubiquitin to substrate is a multistep process. Cdc4p is a component of a ubiquitin ligase that tethers the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Cdc34p ...
a ten-minute high density lateral flow protein microarray
... and adverse conditions. In the case of many cancers, recognizing the subtle proteomic pattern of a pre-malignant state may mean the difference between life and death for the patient. In some cases, the relevant biomarker panel can be predicted, for instance in the case of immunogenic surface protein ...
... and adverse conditions. In the case of many cancers, recognizing the subtle proteomic pattern of a pre-malignant state may mean the difference between life and death for the patient. In some cases, the relevant biomarker panel can be predicted, for instance in the case of immunogenic surface protein ...
Supporting Information
... experience with other models of JNCL, have shown a propensity of CLN3 to aggregate and precipitate out of solution when heated. Thus in our study, samples were either loaded directly into polyacrylamide gels or heated for 5 minutes at 95C prior to loading into gels. Anti-GFP detected a strong band ...
... experience with other models of JNCL, have shown a propensity of CLN3 to aggregate and precipitate out of solution when heated. Thus in our study, samples were either loaded directly into polyacrylamide gels or heated for 5 minutes at 95C prior to loading into gels. Anti-GFP detected a strong band ...
Gene and Genome Sequencing
... h�p://fungidb.org FungiDB is a genome database with integrated bioinforma�cs tools; similar to FlyBase, TAIR, PlantGDB FungiDB is part of EuPathDB and uses same so�ware but is less mature. – Not as ...
... h�p://fungidb.org FungiDB is a genome database with integrated bioinforma�cs tools; similar to FlyBase, TAIR, PlantGDB FungiDB is part of EuPathDB and uses same so�ware but is less mature. – Not as ...
Metabolic Integration and Personalised Nutrition
... 1. Gastrointestinal tract, digestion and absorption Structure and function of the gastrointestinal system. Phases of digestion in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Gastrointestinal motility. Salivary, gastric and intestinal secretions. Absorption of nutrients in the small intestine: monosaccha ...
... 1. Gastrointestinal tract, digestion and absorption Structure and function of the gastrointestinal system. Phases of digestion in the mouth, stomach and small intestine. Gastrointestinal motility. Salivary, gastric and intestinal secretions. Absorption of nutrients in the small intestine: monosaccha ...
Vaccinia virus protein N2 is a nuclear IRF3 inhibitor
... A52, F1 and K7) have had their crystal structure solved, others have been characterized and a function assigned (C6, A46), and others are predicted to be Bcl-2 proteins but are uncharacterized hitherto (N2, B22, C1). Data presented here show that N2 is a nuclear protein that is expressed early durin ...
... A52, F1 and K7) have had their crystal structure solved, others have been characterized and a function assigned (C6, A46), and others are predicted to be Bcl-2 proteins but are uncharacterized hitherto (N2, B22, C1). Data presented here show that N2 is a nuclear protein that is expressed early durin ...
Suppression mechanisms
... related genes is to begin with a strain that already contains a mutation affecting the pathway of interest, selecting for mutations that modify its phenotype. Modifiers that result in a more severe phenotype are termed enhancers, while mutations that restore a more wild-type phenotype despite the co ...
... related genes is to begin with a strain that already contains a mutation affecting the pathway of interest, selecting for mutations that modify its phenotype. Modifiers that result in a more severe phenotype are termed enhancers, while mutations that restore a more wild-type phenotype despite the co ...
of Pseudomonas aeruginosa - BMC Microbiology
... peptidoglycan turnover and recycling. One of the regulatory mechanisms for AmpC expression, recently identified in clinical isolates, is the inactivation of LMM-PBP4 (Low-Molecular-Mass Penicillin-Binding Protein 4), a protein whose catalytic activity on natural substrates has remained uncharacteriz ...
... peptidoglycan turnover and recycling. One of the regulatory mechanisms for AmpC expression, recently identified in clinical isolates, is the inactivation of LMM-PBP4 (Low-Molecular-Mass Penicillin-Binding Protein 4), a protein whose catalytic activity on natural substrates has remained uncharacteriz ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.