Coordinated Regulation of AIB1 Transcriptional Activity by
... residues, which are in most cases embedded in a consensus sequence KXE. In searching the amino acid stretch for the consensus SUMO modification motifs, we found three potential SUMO-1 attachment sites, lysines 723, 786, and 1194, in the AIB1 sequence. The lysines 723 and 786 locate in the first nuc ...
... residues, which are in most cases embedded in a consensus sequence KXE. In searching the amino acid stretch for the consensus SUMO modification motifs, we found three potential SUMO-1 attachment sites, lysines 723, 786, and 1194, in the AIB1 sequence. The lysines 723 and 786 locate in the first nuc ...
ENZYMES
... shape. The overall 3D shape of an enzyme molecule is very important: if it is altered, the enzyme cannot bind to its substrate and so cannot function. Enzyme shape is maintained by hydrogen bonds and ionic forces. Enzymes have several important properties: Enzymes are specific: each enzyme usually ...
... shape. The overall 3D shape of an enzyme molecule is very important: if it is altered, the enzyme cannot bind to its substrate and so cannot function. Enzyme shape is maintained by hydrogen bonds and ionic forces. Enzymes have several important properties: Enzymes are specific: each enzyme usually ...
Atg18 function in autophagy is regulated by specific sites within its b
... over time (Cheong and Klionsky, 2008). When this assay was performed in wild type cells, a band of 25 kDa corresponding to free GFP appeared under starvation conditions indicating normal autophagy (Fig. 3A). In contrast, no GFP-Atg8 cleavage was observed in the atg18D mutant due to the complete bloc ...
... over time (Cheong and Klionsky, 2008). When this assay was performed in wild type cells, a band of 25 kDa corresponding to free GFP appeared under starvation conditions indicating normal autophagy (Fig. 3A). In contrast, no GFP-Atg8 cleavage was observed in the atg18D mutant due to the complete bloc ...
Ribosome-tethered molecular chaperones
... taking over part of the workload Both E. coli and S. cerevisiae have evolved ribosomeassociated chaperones. But are they functionally unique in vivo? Analysis of the E. coli system revealed an extensive overlap in function with the abundant Hsp70, DnaK. Remarkably, the lack of TF has almost no effec ...
... taking over part of the workload Both E. coli and S. cerevisiae have evolved ribosomeassociated chaperones. But are they functionally unique in vivo? Analysis of the E. coli system revealed an extensive overlap in function with the abundant Hsp70, DnaK. Remarkably, the lack of TF has almost no effec ...
The Diabetes-Prone BB Rat Carries a Frameshift Mutation in Ian4, a
... for the contig construction are given equidistantly on top. Underlined markers were used for genetic mapping and were used for screening the entire PAC library (21). Horizontal lines represent PACs from the RCPI-31 rat PAC library (ResGen, Huntsville, AL). Dashed ends indicate that the precise end p ...
... for the contig construction are given equidistantly on top. Underlined markers were used for genetic mapping and were used for screening the entire PAC library (21). Horizontal lines represent PACs from the RCPI-31 rat PAC library (ResGen, Huntsville, AL). Dashed ends indicate that the precise end p ...
bioinformatics - Noble Research Lab
... These methods include the yeast two-hybrid screen and methods based on mass spectrometry (see von Mering et al., 2002 and references therein). The data obtained by these methods are partial: each experimental assay can identify only a subset of the interactions, and it has been estimated that for th ...
... These methods include the yeast two-hybrid screen and methods based on mass spectrometry (see von Mering et al., 2002 and references therein). The data obtained by these methods are partial: each experimental assay can identify only a subset of the interactions, and it has been estimated that for th ...
The archaeal origins of the eukaryotic translational system
... Detailed multiple comparative sequence alignments across a wide taxonomic range of Eukarya (excluding reduced genome parasites), Archaea and Bacteria were carried out for the ribosomal proteins and several other translation-associated proteins. Only species for which there existed a draft of the ent ...
... Detailed multiple comparative sequence alignments across a wide taxonomic range of Eukarya (excluding reduced genome parasites), Archaea and Bacteria were carried out for the ribosomal proteins and several other translation-associated proteins. Only species for which there existed a draft of the ent ...
MCB Lecture 2 – Mutation and Disease Part 1
... What is the Mode of Inheritance for Alkaptonuria? o Autosomal Recessive What enzyme is deficient in Alkaptunuria? o Homogentistic Acid Oxidase What is the major symptom of a patient with Alkaptonuria? o Following standing, the patient’s urine will turn black. What is the Mode of Inheritance for Ocul ...
... What is the Mode of Inheritance for Alkaptonuria? o Autosomal Recessive What enzyme is deficient in Alkaptunuria? o Homogentistic Acid Oxidase What is the major symptom of a patient with Alkaptonuria? o Following standing, the patient’s urine will turn black. What is the Mode of Inheritance for Ocul ...
Transcription Networks
... polymerase complex acts on a number of genes while the transcription factors regulate changes in expression profiles of specific genes. The transcription factors when bound change the probability per unit time of RNA polymerase binding to the promoter to produce the mRNA. Transcription factors can a ...
... polymerase complex acts on a number of genes while the transcription factors regulate changes in expression profiles of specific genes. The transcription factors when bound change the probability per unit time of RNA polymerase binding to the promoter to produce the mRNA. Transcription factors can a ...
Aspects of growth factor signal transduction in the cell cytoplasm
... have been determined (Waksman et al., 1992) and give important insights into the interactions. The phosphotyrosine protrudes into a pocket to interact with lysine 203 and arginines 175 and 155 (numbered according to v-src; Takeya and Hanafusa, 1983) in the SH2 domain. The invariant arginine 175 is b ...
... have been determined (Waksman et al., 1992) and give important insights into the interactions. The phosphotyrosine protrudes into a pocket to interact with lysine 203 and arginines 175 and 155 (numbered according to v-src; Takeya and Hanafusa, 1983) in the SH2 domain. The invariant arginine 175 is b ...
- Wiley Online Library
... of the fluorinated analog must be much higher than that of the natural counterpart, which can be highly detrimental for the host cell growth [24, 25]. This also implies that there is no control over which amino acid positions will be substituted and supposedly all intrinsic occurring amino acid loca ...
... of the fluorinated analog must be much higher than that of the natural counterpart, which can be highly detrimental for the host cell growth [24, 25]. This also implies that there is no control over which amino acid positions will be substituted and supposedly all intrinsic occurring amino acid loca ...
A protein-based phylogenetic tree for Gram
... Fig. 1. Almost the same set of organisms are used. The resolution and the discrepancies in the branching order in the three trees are clear. The order of branching among Gram-positive bacteria with low G + C DNA content could not be resolved on the basis of 16s rRNA sequences. The tree based on Hsp7 ...
... Fig. 1. Almost the same set of organisms are used. The resolution and the discrepancies in the branching order in the three trees are clear. The order of branching among Gram-positive bacteria with low G + C DNA content could not be resolved on the basis of 16s rRNA sequences. The tree based on Hsp7 ...
FEMS Microbiology Ecology 33
... In undisturbed or untreated soil without growing plants, most bacteria persist under nutrient-limited conditions [1]. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms allowing survival under starvation, rapidly restarting growth once nutrients become available. For example, bacilli and clostridia undergo di¡erentia ...
... In undisturbed or untreated soil without growing plants, most bacteria persist under nutrient-limited conditions [1]. Bacteria have evolved mechanisms allowing survival under starvation, rapidly restarting growth once nutrients become available. For example, bacilli and clostridia undergo di¡erentia ...
Full-Text PDF
... H. pylori. In this regard, the structural and functional study of H. pylori proteins should be the most important point for developing antibiotics and can provide clues to help cope with new antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Because structural studies on H. pylori proteins are very important for struct ...
... H. pylori. In this regard, the structural and functional study of H. pylori proteins should be the most important point for developing antibiotics and can provide clues to help cope with new antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Because structural studies on H. pylori proteins are very important for struct ...
Characterization of Proteins Structurally Related to Human N
... preparations used to raise the antisera were not in fact homogeneous, although they were judged to be so on the basis of a single protein band after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and a single schlieren boundary in the ultracentrifuge (Srivastava et al., 1974a,b). A small amount of a highly i ...
... preparations used to raise the antisera were not in fact homogeneous, although they were judged to be so on the basis of a single protein band after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and a single schlieren boundary in the ultracentrifuge (Srivastava et al., 1974a,b). A small amount of a highly i ...
Supplemental Material 1 Simultaneous isolation of mRNA, miRNA
... generated a list of other, likely targets for these miRs using rna22. First they discard all predicted targets that have fewer than 2/5 miRs in common with MYOCD. Next, they filter these likely targets by a few other criteria to bolster confidence that some of the targets compete with MYOCD for miR ...
... generated a list of other, likely targets for these miRs using rna22. First they discard all predicted targets that have fewer than 2/5 miRs in common with MYOCD. Next, they filter these likely targets by a few other criteria to bolster confidence that some of the targets compete with MYOCD for miR ...
EspF review - Newcastle University Staff Publishing Service
... in ribosomal processing is dependent on its nucleolar location. Not surprisingly, ribosomal processing was also shown to be ...
... in ribosomal processing is dependent on its nucleolar location. Not surprisingly, ribosomal processing was also shown to be ...
Ro52: Structure and interactions of constructs of RING and B-box
... measurements showed that the constructs were well structured but did not reveal any significant differences in secondary structure between the constructs. Functional analysis by Western blot encountered unexpected problems and no results were obtained. The current thesis provides a basis for further ...
... measurements showed that the constructs were well structured but did not reveal any significant differences in secondary structure between the constructs. Functional analysis by Western blot encountered unexpected problems and no results were obtained. The current thesis provides a basis for further ...
... encoding the entire TME 2A protein, the N-terminal proline of TME protein 2B and GUS, showed the level of cleavage to be " 99 %, again ostensibly complete cleavage. The translation profiles derived from pCAT∆TME2AGUS (M) and (T), encoding CAT, the C-terminal 18 aa of the TME 2A protein (either strai ...
Discovery of Cyclotide-Like Protein Sequences in Graminaceous
... cyclotides in the plant kingdom and report the discovery of related sequences widespread in the Poaceae family, including crop plants such as rice (Ozyza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum), which carry considerable economic and social importance. The presence of cyclotide-like ...
... cyclotides in the plant kingdom and report the discovery of related sequences widespread in the Poaceae family, including crop plants such as rice (Ozyza sativa), maize (Zea mays), and wheat (Triticum aestivum), which carry considerable economic and social importance. The presence of cyclotide-like ...
Structural and enzymatic characterization of a glycoside hydrolase
... α(1→6)-Linked xylopyranose represents the second most abundant sugar in XGs, the cleavage of which is essential for the ultimate liberation of glucose from the polysaccharide backbone. α-Xylosidases have thus far only been identified in GH31 (glycoside hydrolase family 31) (http://www.cazy.org; [2]) ...
... α(1→6)-Linked xylopyranose represents the second most abundant sugar in XGs, the cleavage of which is essential for the ultimate liberation of glucose from the polysaccharide backbone. α-Xylosidases have thus far only been identified in GH31 (glycoside hydrolase family 31) (http://www.cazy.org; [2]) ...
Alfy, a novel FYVE-domain-containing protein associated with
... (Vanhaesebroeck et al., 2001). This lipid is crucial for endocytic and autophagic membrane traffic (Simonsen et al., 2001) and we are beginning to learn some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The identification of two conserved protein domains that bind PtdIns(3)P with high specificity has fac ...
... (Vanhaesebroeck et al., 2001). This lipid is crucial for endocytic and autophagic membrane traffic (Simonsen et al., 2001) and we are beginning to learn some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. The identification of two conserved protein domains that bind PtdIns(3)P with high specificity has fac ...
109 y+-TYPE CATIONIC AMINO ACID TRANSPORT
... Human quiescent T-cells have a limited capacity to transport lysine and do so, in part, via both the y+ and the y+L transport systems (Devés et al. 1992). The transport of amino acids by both systems increases in activated T-cells; the increase in y+ transport activity corresponds to the kinetics of ...
... Human quiescent T-cells have a limited capacity to transport lysine and do so, in part, via both the y+ and the y+L transport systems (Devés et al. 1992). The transport of amino acids by both systems increases in activated T-cells; the increase in y+ transport activity corresponds to the kinetics of ...
Tung Tree DGAT1 and DGAT2 Have Nonredundant Functions in
... amino acids in length with 10 predicted transmembrane domains (TMDs) (Figure 1A), whereas DGAT2 proteins are ;320 amino acids long with two predicted TMDs (Figure 1B). The evolutionary relationships within the DGAT superfamily were analyzed by performing a phylogenetic comparison with an expanded se ...
... amino acids in length with 10 predicted transmembrane domains (TMDs) (Figure 1A), whereas DGAT2 proteins are ;320 amino acids long with two predicted TMDs (Figure 1B). The evolutionary relationships within the DGAT superfamily were analyzed by performing a phylogenetic comparison with an expanded se ...
Protein moonlighting
Protein moonlighting (or gene sharing) is a phenomenon by which a protein can perform more than one function. Ancestral moonlighting proteins originally possessed a single function but through evolution, acquired additional functions. Many proteins that moonlight are enzymes; others are receptors, ion channels or chaperones. The most common primary function of moonlighting proteins is enzymatic catalysis, but these enzymes have acquired secondary non-enzymatic roles. Some examples of functions of moonlighting proteins secondary to catalysis include signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, motility, and structural.Protein moonlighting may occur widely in nature. Protein moonlighting through gene sharing differs from the use of a single gene to generate different proteins by alternative RNA splicing, DNA rearrangement, or post-translational processing. It is also different from multifunctionality of the protein, in which the protein has multiple domains, each serving a different function. Protein moonlighting by gene sharing means that a gene may acquire and maintain a second function without gene duplication and without loss of the primary function. Such genes are under two or more entirely different selective constraints.Various techniques have been used to reveal moonlighting functions in proteins. The detection of a protein in unexpected locations within cells, cell types, or tissues may suggest that a protein has a moonlighting function. Furthermore, sequence or structure homology of a protein may be used to infer both primary function as well as secondary moonlighting functions of a protein.The most well-studied examples of gene sharing are crystallins. These proteins, when expressed at low levels in many tissues function as enzymes, but when expressed at high levels in eye tissue, become densely packed and thus form lenses. While the recognition of gene sharing is relatively recent—the term was coined in 1988, after crystallins in chickens and ducks were found to be identical to separately identified enzymes—recent studies have found many examples throughout the living world. Joram Piatigorsky has suggested that many or all proteins exhibit gene sharing to some extent, and that gene sharing is a key aspect of molecular evolution. The genes encoding crystallins must maintain sequences for catalytic function and transparency maintenance function.Inappropriate moonlighting is a contributing factor in some genetic diseases, and moonlighting provides a possible mechanism by which bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.