Modeling Multi-typed Structurally Viewed Chemicals with the UMLS
... hydrolysis reaction) that undoes the original reaction used in the conjugate’s creation. On the other hand, mixtures are made of two or more chemicals, where the chemicals are not joined by covalent bonds. Therefore, they can be mixed at different proportions (i.e., the composition can be varied). W ...
... hydrolysis reaction) that undoes the original reaction used in the conjugate’s creation. On the other hand, mixtures are made of two or more chemicals, where the chemicals are not joined by covalent bonds. Therefore, they can be mixed at different proportions (i.e., the composition can be varied). W ...
reprint - Charles Brenner Laboratory
... cell-intrinsic mechanism might underlie lipogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that mitochondrial protein acetylation and acylation is an ancient, conserved system that leads to inhibition of fuel utilization when energy is in excess, producing a cellintrinsic switch to storage of fat. Our model proposes ...
... cell-intrinsic mechanism might underlie lipogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that mitochondrial protein acetylation and acylation is an ancient, conserved system that leads to inhibition of fuel utilization when energy is in excess, producing a cellintrinsic switch to storage of fat. Our model proposes ...
The 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and KEK`s Photon Factory
... subunit, called 50s, consists of two strands of rRNA and up to 34 proteins. These two subunits bind together to form a ribosome called 70S. While the small subunit decodes the genetic information in the mRNA, the large subunit creates a chain of amino acids according to the instructions in the mRNA. ...
... subunit, called 50s, consists of two strands of rRNA and up to 34 proteins. These two subunits bind together to form a ribosome called 70S. While the small subunit decodes the genetic information in the mRNA, the large subunit creates a chain of amino acids according to the instructions in the mRNA. ...
Structure of the ordered hydration of amino acids
... Crystallography provides unique information about the arrangement of water molecules near protein surfaces. Using a nonredundant set of 2818 protein crystal structures with a resolution of better than 1.8 Å, the extent and structure of the hydration shell of all 20 standard amino-acid residues were ...
... Crystallography provides unique information about the arrangement of water molecules near protein surfaces. Using a nonredundant set of 2818 protein crystal structures with a resolution of better than 1.8 Å, the extent and structure of the hydration shell of all 20 standard amino-acid residues were ...
Acquisition, Conservation, and Loss of Dual
... contain two signals, which results in the same protein being imported into two distinct locations. To date, 72 proteins in Arabidopsis have been shown to be dual targeted (Carrie et al., 2009a; Carrie and Small, 2013); however, as many as 500 are predicted to be dual targeted because they contain am ...
... contain two signals, which results in the same protein being imported into two distinct locations. To date, 72 proteins in Arabidopsis have been shown to be dual targeted (Carrie et al., 2009a; Carrie and Small, 2013); however, as many as 500 are predicted to be dual targeted because they contain am ...
Abiotic stress in plants: Late Embryogenesis Abundant proteins Imen Amara
... impact in plants by directly reducing its survival in the natural environment and its productivity in agriculture. About half of the annual world crop production is lost due to abiotic stresses, especially drought (Boyer 1982; Vinocur and Altman 2005). Most plants encounter transient decreases in re ...
... impact in plants by directly reducing its survival in the natural environment and its productivity in agriculture. About half of the annual world crop production is lost due to abiotic stresses, especially drought (Boyer 1982; Vinocur and Altman 2005). Most plants encounter transient decreases in re ...
Calcium Signaling and Homeostasis in Nuclei
... (Goldberg and Allen 1996) that should allow free Ca2+ diffusion and prevent the formation of nuclear/cytosolic Ca2+ gradients. Although few years ago scientific evidences were obtained in animal cells against calcium diffusion through the nuclear pores (al-Mohanna et al. 1994), the fact that authors ...
... (Goldberg and Allen 1996) that should allow free Ca2+ diffusion and prevent the formation of nuclear/cytosolic Ca2+ gradients. Although few years ago scientific evidences were obtained in animal cells against calcium diffusion through the nuclear pores (al-Mohanna et al. 1994), the fact that authors ...
Molecular mechanisms of platelet exocytosis: insights into the
... Although the relationships between the genetic defects of CHS, HPS, and the molecular pathogenesis of abnormal vesicle trafficking and function are not yet fully defined, these insights suggest that normal development of platelet dense granules is related to lysosomal vesicle trafficking. Defects in ...
... Although the relationships between the genetic defects of CHS, HPS, and the molecular pathogenesis of abnormal vesicle trafficking and function are not yet fully defined, these insights suggest that normal development of platelet dense granules is related to lysosomal vesicle trafficking. Defects in ...
Nuclear-fallout, a Drosophila protein that cycles from the cytoplasm
... newly formed centrosome pairs are again located apically in the next interphase (Callaini and Riparbelli, 1990). In conjunction with this apical repositioning of the centrosomes, actin caps reform. This alteration between interphase actin caps and metaphase actin-based furrows occurs from interphase ...
... newly formed centrosome pairs are again located apically in the next interphase (Callaini and Riparbelli, 1990). In conjunction with this apical repositioning of the centrosomes, actin caps reform. This alteration between interphase actin caps and metaphase actin-based furrows occurs from interphase ...
Platelet exocytosis 2000 - Department of Medical Biochemistry
... Although the relationships between the genetic defects of CHS, HPS, and the molecular pathogenesis of abnormal vesicle trafficking and function are not yet fully defined, these insights suggest that normal development of platelet dense granules is related to lysosomal vesicle trafficking. Defects in ...
... Although the relationships between the genetic defects of CHS, HPS, and the molecular pathogenesis of abnormal vesicle trafficking and function are not yet fully defined, these insights suggest that normal development of platelet dense granules is related to lysosomal vesicle trafficking. Defects in ...
MD1-103 Protein Stability Combo Kit
... RUBIC Buffer and RUBIC Additive Screens have been designed and developed by Stephane Boivin and Rob Meijers at the EMBL Hamburg and is manufactured exclusively under license by Molecular Dimensions Limited. Limited Use and Restrictions: Products sold by Molecular Dimensions Ltd. or its affiliates or ...
... RUBIC Buffer and RUBIC Additive Screens have been designed and developed by Stephane Boivin and Rob Meijers at the EMBL Hamburg and is manufactured exclusively under license by Molecular Dimensions Limited. Limited Use and Restrictions: Products sold by Molecular Dimensions Ltd. or its affiliates or ...
Antibody purification handbook
... oligosaccharide groups; and two identical, non-glycosylated light (L) chains. A disulphide bond joins a heavy chain and a light chain together. The heavy chains are also joined to each other by disulphide bonds. These disulphide bonds are located in a flexible region of the heavy chain known as the ...
... oligosaccharide groups; and two identical, non-glycosylated light (L) chains. A disulphide bond joins a heavy chain and a light chain together. The heavy chains are also joined to each other by disulphide bonds. These disulphide bonds are located in a flexible region of the heavy chain known as the ...
Classification Scheme of Eukaryotic Transcription Factors
... (see below). In most c1asses, subgrouping into families is evident. Thus, within the bZIP class the distinction between AP-I-, CREB-, and C/EBP-like cornponents is obvious from structural and functional considerations. In many cases, they should be classified further into subfamilies, whereas in oth ...
... (see below). In most c1asses, subgrouping into families is evident. Thus, within the bZIP class the distinction between AP-I-, CREB-, and C/EBP-like cornponents is obvious from structural and functional considerations. In many cases, they should be classified further into subfamilies, whereas in oth ...
Energy Calculations for 4-Hydroxy-3
... Part III Discussion: Comparison of Steric Energy Terms before and After Energy Minimization of the Hetero compound All of the calculated energy terms for the hetero compound, 4-Hydroxy-3-MethylButyl Diphosphate, changed when a MM2 energy minimization was performed on the hetero compound. Not only do ...
... Part III Discussion: Comparison of Steric Energy Terms before and After Energy Minimization of the Hetero compound All of the calculated energy terms for the hetero compound, 4-Hydroxy-3-MethylButyl Diphosphate, changed when a MM2 energy minimization was performed on the hetero compound. Not only do ...
Lecture 1 - "Hudel" Luecke
... Secondary Structure Protein secondary structure refers to certain common repeating structures found in proteins. There are two types of secondary structures: alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet. An alpha-helix is a tight helix formed out of the polypeptide chain. The polypeptide main chain makes up t ...
... Secondary Structure Protein secondary structure refers to certain common repeating structures found in proteins. There are two types of secondary structures: alpha-helix and beta-pleated sheet. An alpha-helix is a tight helix formed out of the polypeptide chain. The polypeptide main chain makes up t ...
Regulation of Translation by Essential Amino Acids and Glucose in
... they will be brilliant for each one of you and I hope they will cross often. I would like to acknowledge Dr. Julie Kim – Julie, learning from your expertise in the lab is the reason I know how to conduct good lab work today, a valued skill that I owe to you. A special thank you to the staff at the B ...
... they will be brilliant for each one of you and I hope they will cross often. I would like to acknowledge Dr. Julie Kim – Julie, learning from your expertise in the lab is the reason I know how to conduct good lab work today, a valued skill that I owe to you. A special thank you to the staff at the B ...
Caryoneme alternative to chromosome and a new caryological
... reactions of deoxypentose nucleic acid. In the present state of biochemical and genetical knowledge, it seems doubtful whether it continues to serve as a useful purpose.” As a matter of fact, Barber & Callan’s criticism was fully overlooked by the following scientific literature and this, likely, ow ...
... reactions of deoxypentose nucleic acid. In the present state of biochemical and genetical knowledge, it seems doubtful whether it continues to serve as a useful purpose.” As a matter of fact, Barber & Callan’s criticism was fully overlooked by the following scientific literature and this, likely, ow ...
108. Regulation of the L-arabinose Operon in Escherichia coli, in
... AraC then prefers to bind to the adjacent I1 and I2 half-sites. Binding to the I2 half-site probably results in direct interactions with RNA polymerase, whereas RNA polymerase also contacts the DNA-binding domain bound at I1 by reaching over the polymerase proximal subunit of AraC. Hence induction e ...
... AraC then prefers to bind to the adjacent I1 and I2 half-sites. Binding to the I2 half-site probably results in direct interactions with RNA polymerase, whereas RNA polymerase also contacts the DNA-binding domain bound at I1 by reaching over the polymerase proximal subunit of AraC. Hence induction e ...
Role of hsp90 and the hsp90-binding immunophilins in signalling
... reporter gene expression. In contrast to these observations, Patel et al. [44] found that the human GR has a normal dose response for transactivation regardless of whether it is expressed in New World or Old World primate cells. They cloned the Guyanese squirrel monkey GR, and showed that it had the ...
... reporter gene expression. In contrast to these observations, Patel et al. [44] found that the human GR has a normal dose response for transactivation regardless of whether it is expressed in New World or Old World primate cells. They cloned the Guyanese squirrel monkey GR, and showed that it had the ...
A Chemical Approach To Illustrate the Principal of Signal
... In nature, cellular functions are propagated by cascades of molecules, which interact with one another for signal transduction. Generally, the sequential process is initiated by the binding of an extracellular signal to a receptor culminating in one or more specific cellular responses In this way, a ...
... In nature, cellular functions are propagated by cascades of molecules, which interact with one another for signal transduction. Generally, the sequential process is initiated by the binding of an extracellular signal to a receptor culminating in one or more specific cellular responses In this way, a ...
Geometrical and Sequence Characteristics of
... nonhomologous globular protein chains whose three-dimensional structures have been solved by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.5 Å or better. One thousand one hundred thirty-one (1131) a-helices of nonidentical sequences and nine or more amino acid residues found in these protein chains con ...
... nonhomologous globular protein chains whose three-dimensional structures have been solved by x-ray crystallography to a resolution of 2.5 Å or better. One thousand one hundred thirty-one (1131) a-helices of nonidentical sequences and nine or more amino acid residues found in these protein chains con ...
Biological significance of structural differences between two highly
... suggesting that they recognize the surface region shared by the two proteins. This is not surprising given that the two proteins share >90% sequence identity in the core domain and adapt very similar folding in their secondary structures. As expected, Mabs that are positive for Uev1, but negative fo ...
... suggesting that they recognize the surface region shared by the two proteins. This is not surprising given that the two proteins share >90% sequence identity in the core domain and adapt very similar folding in their secondary structures. As expected, Mabs that are positive for Uev1, but negative fo ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore and Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated.NMR involves the quantum mechanical properties of the central core (""nucleus"") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nano-meters (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nano-meter apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models.Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein.A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction (""chemical biology"") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a ""model"" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.