A Calcium-Regulated Gatekeeper in Phloem Sieve Tubes
... of P-protein is to seal the sieve plate pores of injured sieve elements as a rapid first line of defense against the loss of assimilates. It is possible to obtain electron micrographs from well-preserved and largely uninjured sieve tubes using gentle tissue preparation techniques. Evert (1982) showe ...
... of P-protein is to seal the sieve plate pores of injured sieve elements as a rapid first line of defense against the loss of assimilates. It is possible to obtain electron micrographs from well-preserved and largely uninjured sieve tubes using gentle tissue preparation techniques. Evert (1982) showe ...
LS1a Fall 2014 Lab 6: Ribosomal Protein Translation (PyMOL lab #3)
... We will be looking primarily at the bacterial ribosome today, as it is smaller and slightly less complicated than the eukaryotic ribosome, allowing scientists to study it in far greater structural detail. Both the bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes consist of a small subunit and a large subunit. The ...
... We will be looking primarily at the bacterial ribosome today, as it is smaller and slightly less complicated than the eukaryotic ribosome, allowing scientists to study it in far greater structural detail. Both the bacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes consist of a small subunit and a large subunit. The ...
The Multiple Personalities of the Regulatory Subunit of Protein
... proliferation and survival [3, 4]. Genetic studies in organisms such as yeast and slime mould have revealed that CK2 is essential for viability [5, 6]. Recent studies of molecular clock machinery in Drosophila and Arabidopsis have also provided evidence for the involvement of CK2 in circadian oscill ...
... proliferation and survival [3, 4]. Genetic studies in organisms such as yeast and slime mould have revealed that CK2 is essential for viability [5, 6]. Recent studies of molecular clock machinery in Drosophila and Arabidopsis have also provided evidence for the involvement of CK2 in circadian oscill ...
Biomolecules
... • A monomer is a molecule which is able to join with other monomers to make new substances called polymers. ...
... • A monomer is a molecule which is able to join with other monomers to make new substances called polymers. ...
Chemical characterization and in situ nutrient degradability of wet
... distillers' grains are expected to have a different nutrient composition and feeding value than wheat-based distillers' grains. The chemical characteristics and the feeding value of wheat-based wet distillers grains' were reported previously (Ojowi et al., 1997). Few published data exist on the nutr ...
... distillers' grains are expected to have a different nutrient composition and feeding value than wheat-based distillers' grains. The chemical characteristics and the feeding value of wheat-based wet distillers grains' were reported previously (Ojowi et al., 1997). Few published data exist on the nutr ...
A Patch of Surface-Exposed Residues Mediates
... transcription factor–like genes (Zhou et al., 1995, 1997). Both PtiI and Pti4 are substrates of Pto in vitro (Gu et al., 2000), although it is unknown whether these proteins interact with Pto in vivo. Protein kinases are frequent points of control in diverse signaling pathways, and their structure a ...
... transcription factor–like genes (Zhou et al., 1995, 1997). Both PtiI and Pti4 are substrates of Pto in vitro (Gu et al., 2000), although it is unknown whether these proteins interact with Pto in vivo. Protein kinases are frequent points of control in diverse signaling pathways, and their structure a ...
09_Berman - Structural Biology Knowledgebase
... The PSI Structural Genomics Knowledgebase (PSI SG KB) will turn the products of the PSI effort into major advances in knowledge that can be used to understand living systems and human disease The PSI SG KB will be a key resource for the advancement of biology, biochemistry, functional genomics, ...
... The PSI Structural Genomics Knowledgebase (PSI SG KB) will turn the products of the PSI effort into major advances in knowledge that can be used to understand living systems and human disease The PSI SG KB will be a key resource for the advancement of biology, biochemistry, functional genomics, ...
PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION AND CELLULAR REGULATION, I by
... we thus shared a common interest in this particular enzyme. We discussed some of the puzzling features of phosphorylase and were particularly intrigued by the still unsolved nature of th e 5’-AMP effect, i.e. how 5’AMP activates phosphorylas e b but is seemingly unnecessary for phosphorylase a. It s ...
... we thus shared a common interest in this particular enzyme. We discussed some of the puzzling features of phosphorylase and were particularly intrigued by the still unsolved nature of th e 5’-AMP effect, i.e. how 5’AMP activates phosphorylas e b but is seemingly unnecessary for phosphorylase a. It s ...
Mutational Analysis of Synaptobrevin Transmembrane Domain
... this we used the TOXCAT system, which was designed to discriminate between strongly and weakly associating transmembrane sequences incorporated in the E. coli inner membrane (19). TOXCAT relies on low-level constitutive expression of a chimeric DNA binding protein containing the transmembrane sequen ...
... this we used the TOXCAT system, which was designed to discriminate between strongly and weakly associating transmembrane sequences incorporated in the E. coli inner membrane (19). TOXCAT relies on low-level constitutive expression of a chimeric DNA binding protein containing the transmembrane sequen ...
Identification and Structural Characterization of the ATP/ADP
... I molecules (Li and Srivastava, 1993). Hsp90 alone can prevent protein aggregation and promote refolding in vitro (Weich et al., 1992), but in vivo it is functionally associated in multiprotein complexes with a range of accessory proteins. Initially, client proteins are brought to Hsp90 in a complex ...
... I molecules (Li and Srivastava, 1993). Hsp90 alone can prevent protein aggregation and promote refolding in vitro (Weich et al., 1992), but in vivo it is functionally associated in multiprotein complexes with a range of accessory proteins. Initially, client proteins are brought to Hsp90 in a complex ...
Protein targeting, translocation and Escherichia coli Proteomic analysis of substrate-pathway relationships
... joined together by peptide bonds. These bonds are formed in a condensation reaction when the amino group from one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of another. The specific combination and linear arrangement of amino acids are unique for each protein and encoded in the DNA. To form a functio ...
... joined together by peptide bonds. These bonds are formed in a condensation reaction when the amino group from one amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of another. The specific combination and linear arrangement of amino acids are unique for each protein and encoded in the DNA. To form a functio ...
Fibrous Proteins
... Biosynthesis and assembly of collagen (Con’t) 4. Addition of Asn-linked oligosaccharides to collagen 5. Initial glycosylation of hydroxylyine residues 6. Alignment of three polypeptide chains and formation of interchain disulfide bridges 7. Formation of triple helical procollagen 8. Transfer by end ...
... Biosynthesis and assembly of collagen (Con’t) 4. Addition of Asn-linked oligosaccharides to collagen 5. Initial glycosylation of hydroxylyine residues 6. Alignment of three polypeptide chains and formation of interchain disulfide bridges 7. Formation of triple helical procollagen 8. Transfer by end ...
Structural Mechanisms for Regulation of Membrane
... groups (PGs) that contain functionally distinct proteins in addition to subfamilies of highly similar isoforms (43). Subfamily members tend to be functionally similar if not redundant (although differences in tissue and possibly subcellular distribution might be important), whereas group members typ ...
... groups (PGs) that contain functionally distinct proteins in addition to subfamilies of highly similar isoforms (43). Subfamily members tend to be functionally similar if not redundant (although differences in tissue and possibly subcellular distribution might be important), whereas group members typ ...
9 The AMP-activated protein kinase: more than an energy sensor
... regulatory ( and ␥) subunits. Each subunit has multiple isoforms (␣1, ␣2, 1, 2, ␥1, ␥2, ␥3) giving twelve possible combinations of holoenzyme with different tissue distributions. In skeletal muscle, only the ␣12␥1, ␣22␥1 and ␣22␥3 complexes seem to be expressed [3]. The N-terminus of the ␣subu ...
... regulatory ( and ␥) subunits. Each subunit has multiple isoforms (␣1, ␣2, 1, 2, ␥1, ␥2, ␥3) giving twelve possible combinations of holoenzyme with different tissue distributions. In skeletal muscle, only the ␣12␥1, ␣22␥1 and ␣22␥3 complexes seem to be expressed [3]. The N-terminus of the ␣subu ...
EMBL-EBI Powerpoint Presentation
... BLOSUM (BLOCKS amino-acid substitution) • Based on protein domain alignments from the ...
... BLOSUM (BLOCKS amino-acid substitution) • Based on protein domain alignments from the ...
Purification of Arrestin from Bovine Retinas
... freshly bleached phosphorylated rhodopsin occurs rapidly (<200 msec) and quenches the activation of G protein (transducin) (1-4). We have shown that arrestin also acts in the phototransduction process by blocking rapid dephosphorylation of phosphorylated and photolyzed rhodopsin until activated rhod ...
... freshly bleached phosphorylated rhodopsin occurs rapidly (<200 msec) and quenches the activation of G protein (transducin) (1-4). We have shown that arrestin also acts in the phototransduction process by blocking rapid dephosphorylation of phosphorylated and photolyzed rhodopsin until activated rhod ...
... & Mandal, 2012). They are a large and diverse group of proteins that have the ability to bind reversibly to monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, which can be defined as a class of structurally diverse proteins or glycoproteins (Sharon, 2008). These proteins are widely distributed in nature, being f ...
Cardosin A Molecular Determinants and Biosynthetic Pathways
... and it allowed to conclude that the protein’s expression did not retrieved any phenotype to the cells or individuals. However, experiments conducted in BY-2 cells revealed to be inconclusive since cardosin A expression in this system is not predictable. The data obtained along this work using severa ...
... and it allowed to conclude that the protein’s expression did not retrieved any phenotype to the cells or individuals. However, experiments conducted in BY-2 cells revealed to be inconclusive since cardosin A expression in this system is not predictable. The data obtained along this work using severa ...
Introduction - School of Informatics
... leaders, project managers etc) – Spin-out/Small biotech - Accept PhD and MSc entry. More freedom and variety. A degree of ‘maintenance’ work is to be expected. Sanguinetti, 2011 ...
... leaders, project managers etc) – Spin-out/Small biotech - Accept PhD and MSc entry. More freedom and variety. A degree of ‘maintenance’ work is to be expected. Sanguinetti, 2011 ...
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt Wüthrich at the ETH, and by Ad Bax, Marius Clore and Angela Gronenborn at the NIH, among others. Structure determination by NMR spectroscopy usually consists of several phases, each using a separate set of highly specialized techniques. The sample is prepared, measurements are made, interpretive approaches are applied, and a structure is calculated and validated.NMR involves the quantum mechanical properties of the central core (""nucleus"") of the atom. These properties depend on the local molecular environment, and their measurement provides a map of how the atoms are linked chemically, how close they are in space, and how rapidly they move with respect to each other. These properties are fundamentally the same as those used in the more familiar Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), but the molecular applications use a somewhat different approach, appropriate to the change of scale from millimeters (of interest to radiologists) to nano-meters (bonded atoms are typically a fraction of a nano-meter apart), a factor of a million. This change of scale requires much higher sensitivity of detection and stability for long term measurement. In contrast to MRI, structural biology studies do not directly generate an image, but rely on complex computer calculations to generate three-dimensional molecular models.Currently most samples are examined in a solution in water, but methods are being developed to also work with solid samples. Data collection relies on placing the sample inside a powerful magnet, sending radio frequency signals through the sample, and measuring the absorption of those signals. Depending on the environment of atoms within the protein, the nuclei of individual atoms will absorb different frequencies of radio signals. Furthermore the absorption signals of different nuclei may be perturbed by adjacent nuclei. This information can be used to determine the distance between nuclei. These distances in turn can be used to determine the overall structure of the protein.A typical study might involve how two proteins interact with each other, possibly with a view to developing small molecules that can be used to probe the normal biology of the interaction (""chemical biology"") or to provide possible leads for pharmaceutical use (drug development). Frequently, the interacting pair of proteins may have been identified by studies of human genetics, indicating the interaction can be disrupted by unfavorable mutations, or they may play a key role in the normal biology of a ""model"" organism like the fruit fly, yeast, the worm C. elegans, or mice. To prepare a sample, methods of molecular biology are typically used to make quantities by bacterial fermentation. This also permits changing the isotopic composition of the molecule, which is desirable because the isotopes behave differently and provide methods for identifying overlapping NMR signals.