Overview of Ethics
... The study of right and wrong in terms of moral behavior; of what one ought to do and what one ought not to do. It also concerns the study of virtue or the qualities that constitute worthy character, and includes the search for the summum bonum—the greatest good or the best way to live one's life Eth ...
... The study of right and wrong in terms of moral behavior; of what one ought to do and what one ought not to do. It also concerns the study of virtue or the qualities that constitute worthy character, and includes the search for the summum bonum—the greatest good or the best way to live one's life Eth ...
Ethical Theory and Environment - III Lecture #5 Major Ethical
... God=s plan in nature is expressed in the laws discovered by Greek philosophers As science uncovers the telos of created things we can discover God=s purpose Laws of nature reveal basis for descriptive and normative ethical behavior, which we ought to follow B fulfillment of our natural potential (or ...
... God=s plan in nature is expressed in the laws discovered by Greek philosophers As science uncovers the telos of created things we can discover God=s purpose Laws of nature reveal basis for descriptive and normative ethical behavior, which we ought to follow B fulfillment of our natural potential (or ...
09/08: EthPrescriptive
... Deontological Theories • Focus on values, principles, etc. • But which principles? • Do we need to order the principles? • Do people have rights? • If so, what are they? • The Golden Rule • “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” • Kant’s Categorical Imperative • “Act as if the maxim of ...
... Deontological Theories • Focus on values, principles, etc. • But which principles? • Do we need to order the principles? • Do people have rights? • If so, what are they? • The Golden Rule • “Do unto others as you would have them do unto you” • Kant’s Categorical Imperative • “Act as if the maxim of ...
Utilitarianism
... Although clearly there are profound differences between consequentialist and nonconsequentialist moral theories, there is also much variation among individual consequentialist theories. Specifically, they each offer different viewpoints on what kind of good—protecting the environment, serving God, e ...
... Although clearly there are profound differences between consequentialist and nonconsequentialist moral theories, there is also much variation among individual consequentialist theories. Specifically, they each offer different viewpoints on what kind of good—protecting the environment, serving God, e ...
ILA Powerpoint - Society for Personality and Social Psychology
... • an individual’s organized set of beliefs and values pertaining to ...
... • an individual’s organized set of beliefs and values pertaining to ...
The psychologist Lwrence Kohlberg, for example, has concluded on
... State 6: Universal Ethical Principles Orientation. Right action is defined in terms of universal principles chosen because of their logical comprehensiveness, their universality, and their consistency. These ethical principles are not concrete like the Ten Commandments but abstract universal princip ...
... State 6: Universal Ethical Principles Orientation. Right action is defined in terms of universal principles chosen because of their logical comprehensiveness, their universality, and their consistency. These ethical principles are not concrete like the Ten Commandments but abstract universal princip ...
chapter 1: learning
... Consequences of actions are not relevant in moral decision making- the important thing is to discern duty and act according to it Dignity follows from being a free, rational being, obeying only the laws of reason one has legislated for oneself (which, though self-legislated, will be the same for eve ...
... Consequences of actions are not relevant in moral decision making- the important thing is to discern duty and act according to it Dignity follows from being a free, rational being, obeying only the laws of reason one has legislated for oneself (which, though self-legislated, will be the same for eve ...
Utilitarianism
... Swine Ethic: If 10 rapists were to rape the same woman, then using the Hedonic Calculus, their pleasure could outweigh the woman’s pain. Therefore, it would become justifiable. This is called the Swine Ethic. Measurement: Consequences are not measurable because we do not know how far the consequence ...
... Swine Ethic: If 10 rapists were to rape the same woman, then using the Hedonic Calculus, their pleasure could outweigh the woman’s pain. Therefore, it would become justifiable. This is called the Swine Ethic. Measurement: Consequences are not measurable because we do not know how far the consequence ...
Ethics Workbook - Teacher Support
... to maximise pleasure and minimize pain. Therefore, in a given situation, one must examine the consequential pain/pleasure for all concerned. Hedonic Calculus – Bentham devised the Hedonic Calculus which was designed to help us weigh up the pain and pleasure generated by the available moral actions t ...
... to maximise pleasure and minimize pain. Therefore, in a given situation, one must examine the consequential pain/pleasure for all concerned. Hedonic Calculus – Bentham devised the Hedonic Calculus which was designed to help us weigh up the pain and pleasure generated by the available moral actions t ...
Four Types of Ethical Conflict
... Utilitarianism, first popularized by British philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century, is a theory that holds that the best way to make a moral decision is to look at the potential consequences of each available choice, and then pick the option that either does most to in ...
... Utilitarianism, first popularized by British philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in the 19th century, is a theory that holds that the best way to make a moral decision is to look at the potential consequences of each available choice, and then pick the option that either does most to in ...
Albert Camus - s3.amazonaws.com
... Existentialism: A belief that neither human beings nor the universe has any essential nature. Human beings construct their natures through their choices. Absurdism: A belief that our need for meaning is greater than the ability of the universe to be meaningful, making all philosophical positions abs ...
... Existentialism: A belief that neither human beings nor the universe has any essential nature. Human beings construct their natures through their choices. Absurdism: A belief that our need for meaning is greater than the ability of the universe to be meaningful, making all philosophical positions abs ...
Christian_Ethics_NML_and_Situation_Ethics_1_
... the fact that it works ('We cannot verify moral choices. They may be vindicated but not validated.' (p.49)). Beginning with the principle of love one makes a decision about the basis upon which one will live which will be vindicated because it is believed to work (consequentialism). However, this me ...
... the fact that it works ('We cannot verify moral choices. They may be vindicated but not validated.' (p.49)). Beginning with the principle of love one makes a decision about the basis upon which one will live which will be vindicated because it is believed to work (consequentialism). However, this me ...
Ethical Legal PPT
... Integrity: willingness and determination to do the right thing; standing up for what you believe is right ...
... Integrity: willingness and determination to do the right thing; standing up for what you believe is right ...
Slide 1
... was born in a tiny village in Germany called Königsberg, and never travelled more than 10 miles outside of it during his entire life. ...
... was born in a tiny village in Germany called Königsberg, and never travelled more than 10 miles outside of it during his entire life. ...
Ethical and unethical bargaining tactics: An empirical study
... 1) What is business? - It is that activity rather than entities conducting it. Like medicine and law, business is a practice. - People do business that they transact or trade. - Acquiring other property rights by means of exchange 2) Ethics: - Ethics are moral guidelines, which govern good behavior. ...
... 1) What is business? - It is that activity rather than entities conducting it. Like medicine and law, business is a practice. - People do business that they transact or trade. - Acquiring other property rights by means of exchange 2) Ethics: - Ethics are moral guidelines, which govern good behavior. ...
2. NOTIONS OF MORALITY (notes)
... – Focuses on the pursuit of self-interest in human conduct. – Example escape a duty to save a drowning person, when I can easily do so, just because the drowning person (or anyone watching) happens never to be able to offer fruitful cooperation or retaliation. ...
... – Focuses on the pursuit of self-interest in human conduct. – Example escape a duty to save a drowning person, when I can easily do so, just because the drowning person (or anyone watching) happens never to be able to offer fruitful cooperation or retaliation. ...
Ethics Part 1
... – Social Contract supposes that all morally significant beings have certain inherent rights – Rights then impose Duties on others not to violate those rights – A Negative Right is one that calls for others to simply not interfere in individual actions – A Positive Right obligates others to actively ...
... – Social Contract supposes that all morally significant beings have certain inherent rights – Rights then impose Duties on others not to violate those rights – A Negative Right is one that calls for others to simply not interfere in individual actions – A Positive Right obligates others to actively ...
Ethics Glossary
... each capture part of truth of the moral life, but none of those theories has the entire answer. Positive Rights. See Rights, Positive. Prima Facie. In the original Latin, this phrase means "at first glance." In ethics, it usually occurs in discussions of duties. A prima facie duty is one which appea ...
... each capture part of truth of the moral life, but none of those theories has the entire answer. Positive Rights. See Rights, Positive. Prima Facie. In the original Latin, this phrase means "at first glance." In ethics, it usually occurs in discussions of duties. A prima facie duty is one which appea ...
Ethical Theories
... • We need not respect all aspects of a culture • The boundaries of a culture are difficult to set • The existence of moral differences does not justify them: “is does not imply ought” (the naturalistic fallacy) • Universal moral values are simply interpreted differently in different cultures ...
... • We need not respect all aspects of a culture • The boundaries of a culture are difficult to set • The existence of moral differences does not justify them: “is does not imply ought” (the naturalistic fallacy) • Universal moral values are simply interpreted differently in different cultures ...
Religion III Ch 6 notes
... According to consequentialism, we should try to avoid totally evil actions when we can, but if good effects can be produced, the action may be permitted. The problem with this idea is that it leads to immediate and complete subjectivism because the person acting will always be deciding for himself w ...
... According to consequentialism, we should try to avoid totally evil actions when we can, but if good effects can be produced, the action may be permitted. The problem with this idea is that it leads to immediate and complete subjectivism because the person acting will always be deciding for himself w ...
1260_86892301f9dd00dd15644fada8f66d4d
... • An act does not depend upon its consequences for its moral justification (an act can be considered ‘morally good’ even if it leads to suffering!) • NML can be used by anyone (even if they are not religious) because it is based on REASON not REVELATION. ...
... • An act does not depend upon its consequences for its moral justification (an act can be considered ‘morally good’ even if it leads to suffering!) • NML can be used by anyone (even if they are not religious) because it is based on REASON not REVELATION. ...
Consequentialism
Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right act (or omission from acting) is one that will produce a good outcome, or consequence. In an extreme form, the idea of consequentialism is commonly encapsulated in the English saying, ""the ends justify the means"", meaning that if a goal is morally important enough, any method of achieving it is acceptable.Consequentialism is usually contrasted with deontological ethics (or deontology), in that deontology, in which rules and moral duty are central, derives the rightness or wrongness of one's conduct from the character of the behaviour itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. It is also contrasted with virtue ethics, which focuses on the character of the agent rather than on the nature or consequences of the act (or omission) itself, and pragmatic ethics which treats morality like science: advancing socially over the course of many lifetimes, such that any moral criterion is subject to revision. Consequentialist theories differ in how they define moral goods.Some argue that consequentialist and deontological theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, T. M. Scanlon advances the idea that human rights, which are commonly considered a ""deontological"" concept, can only be justified with reference to the consequences of having those rights. Similarly, Robert Nozick argues for a theory that is mostly consequentialist, but incorporates inviolable ""side-constraints"" which restrict the sort of actions agents are permitted to do.