Applied Ethics Introduction & Theories
... A system of moral principles accepted by the society Should not cheat, steal, harm others… etc. A set of social principles Wear proper attire, be polite to others, civic duties….etc A set of code of practice derived from religion ...
... A system of moral principles accepted by the society Should not cheat, steal, harm others… etc. A set of social principles Wear proper attire, be polite to others, civic duties….etc A set of code of practice derived from religion ...
HU245
... from Greek and means love of wisdom Philosophy takes on big questions that often come from reflection on everyday life, things we take for granted ...
... from Greek and means love of wisdom Philosophy takes on big questions that often come from reflection on everyday life, things we take for granted ...
RightsJustice
... Deontological Approaches • Consequences of decisions are not always the most important elements as suggested by the consequentialist approach. • The way you make decisions is what makes it moral. • The end does not justify the means • Results are not ethical unless the ethical means used to produce ...
... Deontological Approaches • Consequences of decisions are not always the most important elements as suggested by the consequentialist approach. • The way you make decisions is what makes it moral. • The end does not justify the means • Results are not ethical unless the ethical means used to produce ...
Philosophy and Ethics
... greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. The balance of pleasure and pain must be weighed against alternatives to action All value claims must stand the test of consequences. But what if the good of the mass obligates us to harm the individual? ...
... greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. The balance of pleasure and pain must be weighed against alternatives to action All value claims must stand the test of consequences. But what if the good of the mass obligates us to harm the individual? ...
Philosophy and Ethics
... greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. The balance of pleasure and pain must be weighed against alternatives to action All value claims must stand the test of consequences. But what if the good of the mass obligates us to harm the individual? ...
... greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. The balance of pleasure and pain must be weighed against alternatives to action All value claims must stand the test of consequences. But what if the good of the mass obligates us to harm the individual? ...
Ethical Theories - Almaty Management University
... welfare of patients Non-maleficence involves ‘not harming patients’, or ‘above all, do no harm’ There is often confusion about where non-maleficence ends and beneficence begins One way of looking at the two is to think of nonmaleficence as a duty towards all people, whereas beneficence, as we can’t ...
... welfare of patients Non-maleficence involves ‘not harming patients’, or ‘above all, do no harm’ There is often confusion about where non-maleficence ends and beneficence begins One way of looking at the two is to think of nonmaleficence as a duty towards all people, whereas beneficence, as we can’t ...
Beginning to Understand Ethics
... society to whose attitudes moral propositions refer can hold some moral principle to apply regardless of circumstances? (That is, a moral principle can be relative to an individual, but not relative to circumstances). Ethical subjectivism is also compatible with moral relativism when that is taken t ...
... society to whose attitudes moral propositions refer can hold some moral principle to apply regardless of circumstances? (That is, a moral principle can be relative to an individual, but not relative to circumstances). Ethical subjectivism is also compatible with moral relativism when that is taken t ...
Chapter 3 – Nonconsequentialist Theories of Morality
... 1. Why follow rules if consequences are bad? 2. If rules are absolute how do we avoid conflict? 3. Can a rule be exceptionless? 4. Is it possible to avoid consideration of consequences in all moral judgments? Virtue Ethics Aristotle is regarded as main virtue ethicist. Virtue ethics focuses on ‘char ...
... 1. Why follow rules if consequences are bad? 2. If rules are absolute how do we avoid conflict? 3. Can a rule be exceptionless? 4. Is it possible to avoid consideration of consequences in all moral judgments? Virtue Ethics Aristotle is regarded as main virtue ethicist. Virtue ethics focuses on ‘char ...
`Virtue ethics lacks a decision-procedure to help us make moral
... decisions about inclusivity). These decision-procedures may at times be vague in comparison to a rules-based morality, but this does not make them insignificant. Unlike a moral hypocrite who lives by double standards spouting off moral rules and scripture but doing otherwise, Aristotle is saying tha ...
... decisions about inclusivity). These decision-procedures may at times be vague in comparison to a rules-based morality, but this does not make them insignificant. Unlike a moral hypocrite who lives by double standards spouting off moral rules and scripture but doing otherwise, Aristotle is saying tha ...
Employee Responsibility Chapter Seven
... • Role in society requires action that may conflict with role in organization • Therefore some professions are seen as “Gatekeepers” or “Watchdogs” – Insure those who enter the marketplace are playing by the rules ...
... • Role in society requires action that may conflict with role in organization • Therefore some professions are seen as “Gatekeepers” or “Watchdogs” – Insure those who enter the marketplace are playing by the rules ...
Utilitarianism
... (e.g., human rights, and justice – distribution of “the good”) Difficult and often inconsistent in practice to solve for U(x) and maximize this variable ...
... (e.g., human rights, and justice – distribution of “the good”) Difficult and often inconsistent in practice to solve for U(x) and maximize this variable ...
Freedom and the Moral Act -1
... Not just the intellect and will Virtues, vices, character and interactions with others “Human acts are moral acts because they express and determine th goodness or evil of the person who performs them” (Veritatis Splendor, N.71) Knowledge as a condition for Morality Man is defined as a rational bein ...
... Not just the intellect and will Virtues, vices, character and interactions with others “Human acts are moral acts because they express and determine th goodness or evil of the person who performs them” (Veritatis Splendor, N.71) Knowledge as a condition for Morality Man is defined as a rational bein ...
kantian deontology
... lack the inescapable, necessary, universal force of moral requirements So cannot base morality in any subjective, contingent or empirical feature of human beings; cannot base morality on any subjective theory of the good. DUTIES: perfect and imperfect; to self and others. Onora O’Neill Kant’s End ...
... lack the inescapable, necessary, universal force of moral requirements So cannot base morality in any subjective, contingent or empirical feature of human beings; cannot base morality on any subjective theory of the good. DUTIES: perfect and imperfect; to self and others. Onora O’Neill Kant’s End ...
John Stuart Mill
... This is a “theory of life” on which the theory of morality is grounded: “namely, that pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends; and that all desirable things are desirable either for the pleasure inherent in themselves, or as a means to the promotion of pleasure and the ...
... This is a “theory of life” on which the theory of morality is grounded: “namely, that pleasure, and freedom from pain, are the only things desirable as ends; and that all desirable things are desirable either for the pleasure inherent in themselves, or as a means to the promotion of pleasure and the ...
natural law
... 1. Persons are self-interested. Their preferences and interests do not necessarily include the well being of others. 2. Persons are presumed to want the benefits of social interaction if they can be had without sacrifice of individual self-interest. 3. Justice, and so a social contract, is only poss ...
... 1. Persons are self-interested. Their preferences and interests do not necessarily include the well being of others. 2. Persons are presumed to want the benefits of social interaction if they can be had without sacrifice of individual self-interest. 3. Justice, and so a social contract, is only poss ...
Session 18
... • What about a culture that believes in human sacrifice? 3. Ethical relativism does not provide much help in making moral decisions. • New technologies create situations people have not faced before. There are no societal conventions that apply. • E.g. Human cloning ...
... • What about a culture that believes in human sacrifice? 3. Ethical relativism does not provide much help in making moral decisions. • New technologies create situations people have not faced before. There are no societal conventions that apply. • E.g. Human cloning ...
lesson 8. Prescriptivism
... universalizability principle. When an individual prefers one thing over something else, this implies that this preference would be good for anybody. ...
... universalizability principle. When an individual prefers one thing over something else, this implies that this preference would be good for anybody. ...
Major Theories in Moral Philosophy
... Altruism: Everybody should always be unselfish and think of other people first. Utilitarianism: We should all try to maximize happiness and limit misery for as many as possible, even animals. Kantian Deontology: We should always do what is right, according to the principle, Could we want our a ...
... Altruism: Everybody should always be unselfish and think of other people first. Utilitarianism: We should all try to maximize happiness and limit misery for as many as possible, even animals. Kantian Deontology: We should always do what is right, according to the principle, Could we want our a ...
An Introduction to Ethical Theory
... Act-based vs. Rule-based • Act-based utilitarianism – We should analyze each of our actions from the perspective of how much happiness we believe they will engender. ...
... Act-based vs. Rule-based • Act-based utilitarianism – We should analyze each of our actions from the perspective of how much happiness we believe they will engender. ...
Ethics - Lagemaat - TOK-eisj
... permit the time and many individuals may not even be capable of the calculations. 4. Since the greatest good for the greatest number is described in aggregate terms, that good may be achieved under conditions that are harmful to some, so long as that harm is balanced by a greater good. 5. The theory ...
... permit the time and many individuals may not even be capable of the calculations. 4. Since the greatest good for the greatest number is described in aggregate terms, that good may be achieved under conditions that are harmful to some, so long as that harm is balanced by a greater good. 5. The theory ...
File
... 3. The Doctrine of the Mean, or “golden mean,” is the formula one needs to follow in order to be happy. 4. The proper way for one to behave in the moral sphere is virtuously, in accordance with the mean. ...
... 3. The Doctrine of the Mean, or “golden mean,” is the formula one needs to follow in order to be happy. 4. The proper way for one to behave in the moral sphere is virtuously, in accordance with the mean. ...
Ethics rev1
... profound effect on shaping our values, and thus our ethics. Community when seen as exclusive is limited to those like us, and everyone else is “them” and is not worthy of moral consideration. The decimation of the indigenous American populations and their continued mistreatment (not one treaty that ...
... profound effect on shaping our values, and thus our ethics. Community when seen as exclusive is limited to those like us, and everyone else is “them” and is not worthy of moral consideration. The decimation of the indigenous American populations and their continued mistreatment (not one treaty that ...
What is ethics
... • One can pursue good but motive is own gain (good actions not out of concern for others but for self) • If action doesn’t benefit an individual, then it is morally acceptable for them not to do it ...
... • One can pursue good but motive is own gain (good actions not out of concern for others but for self) • If action doesn’t benefit an individual, then it is morally acceptable for them not to do it ...
The Study of Ethics
... • His approach to Justice is one that maximizes human freedom • Morality does not come from God; it comes from within ourselves • Morality- what is Right and Wrong- can be ascertained through the use of Human REASON ...
... • His approach to Justice is one that maximizes human freedom • Morality does not come from God; it comes from within ourselves • Morality- what is Right and Wrong- can be ascertained through the use of Human REASON ...
Course curriculum - Wydział Prawa, Administracji i Ekonomii
... Acceptance of „a right to demand that another should lie for the sake of one’s own advantage”; from this follows „a claim that conflicts with all lawfulness”. „Whoever tells a lie, regardless of how good his intentions may be, must answer for the consequences resulting therefrom” By telling the untr ...
... Acceptance of „a right to demand that another should lie for the sake of one’s own advantage”; from this follows „a claim that conflicts with all lawfulness”. „Whoever tells a lie, regardless of how good his intentions may be, must answer for the consequences resulting therefrom” By telling the untr ...
Consequentialism
Consequentialism is the class of normative ethical theories holding that the consequences of one's conduct are the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness or wrongness of that conduct. Thus, from a consequentialist standpoint, a morally right act (or omission from acting) is one that will produce a good outcome, or consequence. In an extreme form, the idea of consequentialism is commonly encapsulated in the English saying, ""the ends justify the means"", meaning that if a goal is morally important enough, any method of achieving it is acceptable.Consequentialism is usually contrasted with deontological ethics (or deontology), in that deontology, in which rules and moral duty are central, derives the rightness or wrongness of one's conduct from the character of the behaviour itself rather than the outcomes of the conduct. It is also contrasted with virtue ethics, which focuses on the character of the agent rather than on the nature or consequences of the act (or omission) itself, and pragmatic ethics which treats morality like science: advancing socially over the course of many lifetimes, such that any moral criterion is subject to revision. Consequentialist theories differ in how they define moral goods.Some argue that consequentialist and deontological theories are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, T. M. Scanlon advances the idea that human rights, which are commonly considered a ""deontological"" concept, can only be justified with reference to the consequences of having those rights. Similarly, Robert Nozick argues for a theory that is mostly consequentialist, but incorporates inviolable ""side-constraints"" which restrict the sort of actions agents are permitted to do.