Powerpoint Version - SHAC Environmental Products
... A special kind of algae that grows only in fresh water is Nitella (also known as stoneworts). They resemble small tress and grow in miniature forests at the lake bottom; they are known for their unpleasant smell. Nitella is branched multicellular algae that is often confused with submerged flowering ...
... A special kind of algae that grows only in fresh water is Nitella (also known as stoneworts). They resemble small tress and grow in miniature forests at the lake bottom; they are known for their unpleasant smell. Nitella is branched multicellular algae that is often confused with submerged flowering ...
Unfinished business from April 4!
... Metabolite profiling = a static picture, a snapshot! Does it matter? Static (steady-state) “knowledge units” genome sequence, microarray profile, proteome composition How to understand cellular dynamics? Flux – where to measure, how and what is the most important “link”? Metabolites – intermediates ...
... Metabolite profiling = a static picture, a snapshot! Does it matter? Static (steady-state) “knowledge units” genome sequence, microarray profile, proteome composition How to understand cellular dynamics? Flux – where to measure, how and what is the most important “link”? Metabolites – intermediates ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
... • Other organic molecules used for fuel. 1. Carbohydrates: polysaccharides 2. Fats: glycerol and fatty acids ...
Unit 2 - Biochemistry and Cells Review (part I) - nh-chs
... Types of reactions Inorganic compounds Water and it’s properties pH (acids and bases) Buffer systems Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ...
... Types of reactions Inorganic compounds Water and it’s properties pH (acids and bases) Buffer systems Copyright 2009, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl CoA enter cycle, 2 are released as 2 CO2) ...
... • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl CoA enter cycle, 2 are released as 2 CO2) ...
CHAPTER 37: EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF PLANTS
... non-flagellated sperm, and only a few produce archegonia. All seed plants are heterosporous. Their microgametophytes are called pollen grains and are released directly into the environment. Their megagametophytes are held within the ovules and are pollinated when contacted by pollen grains. Pollinat ...
... non-flagellated sperm, and only a few produce archegonia. All seed plants are heterosporous. Their microgametophytes are called pollen grains and are released directly into the environment. Their megagametophytes are held within the ovules and are pollinated when contacted by pollen grains. Pollinat ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation Goal: ATP Synthesis
... • The [NADH]/[NAD+] and [ATP]/[ADP] ratios also change when an anaerobic culture is exposed to oxygen. Explain how the ratios change and what effect this has on glycolysis and the citric acid cycle in yeast. ...
... • The [NADH]/[NAD+] and [ATP]/[ADP] ratios also change when an anaerobic culture is exposed to oxygen. Explain how the ratios change and what effect this has on glycolysis and the citric acid cycle in yeast. ...
Wonderful World of Bacteria
... infections like strep throat and some serious diseases like pneumonia. Certain streptococci may be fatal. ...
... infections like strep throat and some serious diseases like pneumonia. Certain streptococci may be fatal. ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Net Result of the Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • Net oxidation of two carbons to CO2 • Equivalent to two carbons of acetyl-CoA • but NOT the exact same carbons ...
... Net Result of the Citric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2 H2O 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + CoA + 3H+ • Net oxidation of two carbons to CO2 • Equivalent to two carbons of acetyl-CoA • but NOT the exact same carbons ...
Can fast-growing plantation trees escape biochemical down
... photosynthesis when grown under long-term elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]). To investigate the mechanisms underlying this response, carbohydrate accumulation and protein expression were determined over four seasons of growth. No increase in the levels of soluble carbohydrates was observed in the y ...
... photosynthesis when grown under long-term elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]). To investigate the mechanisms underlying this response, carbohydrate accumulation and protein expression were determined over four seasons of growth. No increase in the levels of soluble carbohydrates was observed in the y ...
Cell Respiration
... • not very efficient at transferring energy from glucose to ATP • only about 2% of the energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured as ATP • energy originally contained in glucose is still held in pyruvic acid ...
... • not very efficient at transferring energy from glucose to ATP • only about 2% of the energy available from the oxidation of glucose is captured as ATP • energy originally contained in glucose is still held in pyruvic acid ...
Kin 310 Exercise/Work Physiology
... • all human activity centers around the capability to provide energy on a continuous basis – without energy cellular activity would cease - organism would die ...
... • all human activity centers around the capability to provide energy on a continuous basis – without energy cellular activity would cease - organism would die ...
Many-molecule reaction triggered by a single photon in polaritonic
... (since the excitation is distributed over all the molecules and the photonic mode), such that the polaritonic parts of the lowest excited-state PES inherit their shape mostly from the ground-state PES [9]. This leads to the formation of a new minimum in the lowest excited PES at the same position as ...
... (since the excitation is distributed over all the molecules and the photonic mode), such that the polaritonic parts of the lowest excited-state PES inherit their shape mostly from the ground-state PES [9]. This leads to the formation of a new minimum in the lowest excited PES at the same position as ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
... the breakdown products of the first two stages (most often via NADH) and passes these electrons from one molecule to another. At the end of the chain, the electrons are combined with molecular oxygen and hydrogen ions (H+), forming water (see Figure 9.5b). The energy released at each step of the cha ...
Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
... •GMO plants? • Herbicide resistance • Pathogen/herbivore resistance • Improving nutrition • Making vaccines, other useful biochems •Plant/Algal biofuels? ...
... •GMO plants? • Herbicide resistance • Pathogen/herbivore resistance • Improving nutrition • Making vaccines, other useful biochems •Plant/Algal biofuels? ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration (working)
... • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O ...
... • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O ...
Topic 5: Seedless Vascular Plants (Ch. 29)
... conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) called vascular tissues ...
... conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) called vascular tissues ...
High Energy compounds
... • Lipmann went on the purpose that cells contain 2 classes of phosphorylated compounds and termed them as “energy rich and energy poor” giving considerations having low and negative free energies of hydrolysis • Lipmann described a sort of “ phosphate current” in which photosynthesis or break down o ...
... • Lipmann went on the purpose that cells contain 2 classes of phosphorylated compounds and termed them as “energy rich and energy poor” giving considerations having low and negative free energies of hydrolysis • Lipmann described a sort of “ phosphate current” in which photosynthesis or break down o ...
Combustion
... Incomplete Combustion Products The products of incomplete combustion are varied and can include carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), energy, carbon monoxide (CO) and/or soot (C(s)). Soot is the solid, black ash that can be observed and is made up of a mixture of carbon-rich molecules which are often ...
... Incomplete Combustion Products The products of incomplete combustion are varied and can include carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), energy, carbon monoxide (CO) and/or soot (C(s)). Soot is the solid, black ash that can be observed and is made up of a mixture of carbon-rich molecules which are often ...
The Simplified Nitrogen Cycle
... • Some bacteria also establish symbiotic relationships with plants other than legumes and fix nitrogen by other pathways (e.g., carnivorous plants ). • Some establish symbiotic relationships with animals, e.g., termites and "shipworms" (woodeating bivalves). • Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free ...
... • Some bacteria also establish symbiotic relationships with plants other than legumes and fix nitrogen by other pathways (e.g., carnivorous plants ). • Some establish symbiotic relationships with animals, e.g., termites and "shipworms" (woodeating bivalves). • Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live free ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.