Download The Respiratory System presentation.pptx

By Jennifer Linde
May 18, 2010
 Diffusion
across
membranes
 Partial Pressures
of O2 and CO2 in
the external
environment
 Problems with
diffusion—desiccat
ion and size
constraint
http://img.sparknotes.com/content/testprep/bookimgs/sat2/biology/0002/diffusion.gif
 Characteristic
of
annelids
 Diffusion brings O2
into the organisms
 By products of
respiration diffuse
out into the
environment
http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-annelid.jpg
A
substitute for
blood born gas
distribution to and
from the
respiratory organ
 Network of tubing

Trachea



http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3359/3509697749_4bd4250816.jpg
Arise from spiracles
Supported by Chitin
Spiracles

valve
 Gills

Exchange of gases
 Organs
Mouth
Gill arches:
cartlilaginous and
found on both sides of
the head
 Filaments: extent
from the gill arches
 Lamellae: lateral
projections arising
form gill filaments


http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/1115/1141942/fig31-1.jpg
 Swim
bladder and
the lung
 Hydrostatic
mechanism
 Ascending and
descending in the
water
http://universe-review.ca/I10-82-bladder.jpg
 Gill
baskets act as
both respiratory
organ and filters
food particles
http://www.marlin.ac.uk/images/taxonomy_descriptions/Tunicata.jpg
 Have
lungs and
gills
 Live in stagnant
water
 Estivation


Similar to
hibernation
Builds a muddy
cocoon
http://argoul.blog.lemonde.fr/files/2009/04/lungfish-respiration.1240565385.jpeg
Gills
 Originally
used as
filter feeding devices
 Primitive fish
 Bony fish
Lungs
 Movement
from
aquatic to terrestrial
life
 Skin can be used for
other purposes
 Metamorphosis
from gill-breathing
to lung-breathing
in single specimen
 Gives a
phylogenetic
insight
http://cnx.org/content/m19974/latest/graphics1.png
 More
efficient
bronchi,
lungs and air sacs
 Movement of air
through the sacs to
the lungs and out
of the body using
the abdominal and
costal muscles
 Trachea,
http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio
/review/images/bird_resp.gif
 Enters
through the
nose or mouth
 Nasal passages to
nasal pharynx,
pharynx, trachea,
glottis, epiglottis,
larynx, bronchus,
left and right lung,
bronchioles and
alveoli
http://www.jerichoschools.org/seaman/webquests-0809/images/respiratorydetail.gif
 Aveoli


Heavily supplied
with capillaries
Oxygen and carbon
dioxide exchange
http://www.coventry.ac.uk/ec/~nhunt/180sor/howgate/
Image20.gif
 Lung
is passive and the diaphragm and
intercostals are active
 Phrenic nerve
 Inhalation
 Exhalation
http://mcat-review.org/breathingmechanism.gif
 Tidal
Air
 Inspiratory
Reserve
reserve
 Vital Capacity
 Residual volume
 Expiratory
During rest…
During Activity…
 Inspiration
center
controls
 Excitatory impulses
through phrenic nerve
to diaphragm and
intercostals
 Impulses stop muscles
relax causing passive
exhalation
 Expiration
center has
2 functions
 Hering-Breuer Reflex
 Send impulses to muscle
in chest and abdomen
 Pneumotaxic
center
 Carotid
artery and
aortic arch sensors
 Medulla Sensors
 Changes in CO2
and O2 and pH
http://www.emptynosesyndrome.org/pics/imageres003.jpg
 Carbon
dioxide
enters the blood
from the tissue
and oxygen enters
the tissue from the
blood
 Oxygen enters the
blood and carbon
dioxide moves into
the lung
http://www.chemistry.wustl.edu/~courses/genchem/Tutorials/Hemoglobin/fi
gure7.jpg
 Fried,
G. and Hademenos, G. Schuam’s.
2009. Outline of Biology. New York: McGraw
Hill chapter 20.
 The pictures come from various web sites
which are sited under each picture