File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... Step One: beta-oxidation step that converts a long chain of carbons into a series of acetyl-CoA The oxidation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules requires the breaking of bonds, always one less bond that the number of acetyl-CoA. To break bonds, we must add water and ATP. When these fatty acid ...
... Step One: beta-oxidation step that converts a long chain of carbons into a series of acetyl-CoA The oxidation of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA molecules requires the breaking of bonds, always one less bond that the number of acetyl-CoA. To break bonds, we must add water and ATP. When these fatty acid ...
Plant Ecology
... The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary processes ...
... The study of historical ecology Changes in global patterns of vegetation, diversity Driven by ecological, evolutionary processes ...
Effect of soil drying on growth, biomass allocation and leaf gas
... 2) were analyzed, but instantaneous species performances were also compared by using data collected on days with similarly low (-0.27 MPa, drought treatment) 'lIsoil values (that occured on day 33 for J: aestivum, and on day 41 for J: racemosus, Table 1 and 2). Because of the different time courses, ...
... 2) were analyzed, but instantaneous species performances were also compared by using data collected on days with similarly low (-0.27 MPa, drought treatment) 'lIsoil values (that occured on day 33 for J: aestivum, and on day 41 for J: racemosus, Table 1 and 2). Because of the different time courses, ...
BIO121_Chapter 6
... All plants and animals, as well as many microbes, use food (such as glucose) and oxygen gas to produce ATP, an energy carrier used to power cell activities. ...
... All plants and animals, as well as many microbes, use food (such as glucose) and oxygen gas to produce ATP, an energy carrier used to power cell activities. ...
2 ATP - HCC Learning Web
... respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration – Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP is complete degradation of sugar. – Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration – Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP is complete degradation of sugar. – Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
Dominant Dietary Fatty Acids
... o Ying-yang…fully activated at both ends of enzymes o Why would mammals benefit from 7 sites? Tends to be a little more efficient The players are all together, substrate there Fig 14.2 o The 3 steps missing from the cycle The reductive steps in fatty acid synthesis o The reductant is NADPH rathe ...
... o Ying-yang…fully activated at both ends of enzymes o Why would mammals benefit from 7 sites? Tends to be a little more efficient The players are all together, substrate there Fig 14.2 o The 3 steps missing from the cycle The reductive steps in fatty acid synthesis o The reductant is NADPH rathe ...
Tutorial 3 (Ans Scheme) ERT 317, Sem 1 2015/2016
... The enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase serves two functions in this step. First the enzyme transfers a hydrogen (H-) from glyceraldehyde phosphate to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to form NADH. Next triose phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate (P) from the cytoso ...
... The enzyme triose phosphate dehydrogenase serves two functions in this step. First the enzyme transfers a hydrogen (H-) from glyceraldehyde phosphate to the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to form NADH. Next triose phosphate dehydrogenase adds a phosphate (P) from the cytoso ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... molecules, which are used in cellular respiration • Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ...
... molecules, which are used in cellular respiration • Cells use chemical energy stored in organic molecules to regenerate ATP, which powers work ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation
... NADH and FADH2 is converted into the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP. • The standard reduction potential (E0) is a quantitative measure of the ease with which a compound can be reduced; or how readily it accepts electrons. • The more positive the E0, the more readily the compound accepts electr ...
... NADH and FADH2 is converted into the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP. • The standard reduction potential (E0) is a quantitative measure of the ease with which a compound can be reduced; or how readily it accepts electrons. • The more positive the E0, the more readily the compound accepts electr ...
生物化學小考(一) 範圍ch1~ch4
... 4. Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false? (A) Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many (α-1,6) branches. (B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. (C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. (D) Both starch and glycogen are stored int ...
... 4. Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false? (A) Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many (α-1,6) branches. (B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. (C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. (D) Both starch and glycogen are stored int ...
Kreb`s Cycle - robertschem
... 14. Why is FAD used instead of NAD+? At one step of Krebs cycle, succinate is oxidized to become fumarate with the help of FAD. The energy involved succinate-fumarate reaction does not allow NAD+ to be reduced sufficiently. FAD is lower-energy and is able to help oxidize succinate in the process (an ...
... 14. Why is FAD used instead of NAD+? At one step of Krebs cycle, succinate is oxidized to become fumarate with the help of FAD. The energy involved succinate-fumarate reaction does not allow NAD+ to be reduced sufficiently. FAD is lower-energy and is able to help oxidize succinate in the process (an ...
pdf - arXiv
... charges (wavefunction overlapping) and electrical charge sitting in a quantum well (barriers). The proposed band gap energy engineering can be seen as a fingerprint of different species (materials or molecules) band energy by its relative position. Photosynthesis is the biological process in which g ...
... charges (wavefunction overlapping) and electrical charge sitting in a quantum well (barriers). The proposed band gap energy engineering can be seen as a fingerprint of different species (materials or molecules) band energy by its relative position. Photosynthesis is the biological process in which g ...
Chapter 3
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
... • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
Stoichiometry – Chapter 9
... 4. The fizz produced when some antacid tablets are dropped into water is created by the production of carbon dioxide during the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. 3NaHCO3 + H 3C6 H 5O7 → 3CO 2 + 3H 2O + Na 3C6 H 5O7 Suppose 2.0 grams of sodium bicarbonate and 0.50 g of citric acid ...
... 4. The fizz produced when some antacid tablets are dropped into water is created by the production of carbon dioxide during the reaction between sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. 3NaHCO3 + H 3C6 H 5O7 → 3CO 2 + 3H 2O + Na 3C6 H 5O7 Suppose 2.0 grams of sodium bicarbonate and 0.50 g of citric acid ...
AULAS DE BIOQUÍMICA
... subunits I, II, and III. The larger green structure includes the other ten proteins in the complex. Electron transfer through Complex IV begins when two molecules of reduced cytochrome c (top) each donate an electron to the binuclear center CuA. From here electrons pass through heme a to the Fe-Cu c ...
... subunits I, II, and III. The larger green structure includes the other ten proteins in the complex. Electron transfer through Complex IV begins when two molecules of reduced cytochrome c (top) each donate an electron to the binuclear center CuA. From here electrons pass through heme a to the Fe-Cu c ...
Chapter 32 - How Animals Harvest Energy Stored in Nutrients
... (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins). The energy released is used to join ADP and phosphate (Pi) to form ATP. In animals, the breakdown of organic nutrients, such as glucose, begins in a step-by-step series of chemical reactions called glycolysis. The end product of glycolysis (pyruvate) is then furt ...
... (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins). The energy released is used to join ADP and phosphate (Pi) to form ATP. In animals, the breakdown of organic nutrients, such as glucose, begins in a step-by-step series of chemical reactions called glycolysis. The end product of glycolysis (pyruvate) is then furt ...
respiration revision quiz
... Complete the notes sheets below. Where you see a blank (…………………..), decide which word/phrase is most appropriate. Respiration is a series of ……………………….-‐catalyzed reactions that release ……………………. from … ...
... Complete the notes sheets below. Where you see a blank (…………………..), decide which word/phrase is most appropriate. Respiration is a series of ……………………….-‐catalyzed reactions that release ……………………. from … ...
Lecture 3: Glycolysis Part 2 - University of California, Berkeley
... Aldolase. We used 2 ATP to generate fructose1,6-bisphosphate. The six-carbon sugar molecule is split in the middle, producing two three-carbon molecules. Note: C-C bond cleavage is rare in biochemistry. Mechanism. “Aldolase” name is derived from ―aldol condensation‖ reaction in organic chemistry, an ...
... Aldolase. We used 2 ATP to generate fructose1,6-bisphosphate. The six-carbon sugar molecule is split in the middle, producing two three-carbon molecules. Note: C-C bond cleavage is rare in biochemistry. Mechanism. “Aldolase” name is derived from ―aldol condensation‖ reaction in organic chemistry, an ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... Count the carbons!! Lactic acid is not a dead end like ethanol. Once you have O2 again, lactate is converted back to pyruvate by the liver and fed to the Kreb’s ...
... Count the carbons!! Lactic acid is not a dead end like ethanol. Once you have O2 again, lactate is converted back to pyruvate by the liver and fed to the Kreb’s ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... completely oxidized by the citrate cycle to generate CO2, whereas, under anaerobic (lacking O2) conditions, it is either converted to lactate, or to ethanol + CO2 (fermentation). ...
... completely oxidized by the citrate cycle to generate CO2, whereas, under anaerobic (lacking O2) conditions, it is either converted to lactate, or to ethanol + CO2 (fermentation). ...
1. There are many different species of annelid worm. Some are very
... For how long were the insect’s spiracles open during the period shown in the graph? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Length of time: .......................................................................................................... ...
... For how long were the insect’s spiracles open during the period shown in the graph? Explain how you arrived at your answer. Length of time: .......................................................................................................... ...
Photosynthesis
... Cells in contact with object grow less while those on the opposite side elongate. Response can be quite rapid; within 10 minutes Sometimes it seems to need light which might be a need for ATP for the response. ...
... Cells in contact with object grow less while those on the opposite side elongate. Response can be quite rapid; within 10 minutes Sometimes it seems to need light which might be a need for ATP for the response. ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.