Lec 11: Fatty acid degradation
... Mitochondria is the major site of fatty acid degradation. However very long fatty acids and other less‐common fatty acids are degraded in the peroxisome (like α‐oxidation for phytol) Key difference: 1. Instead of passing electrons from FADH2 to ETC, electrons are passed to O2, forming H2O2. Sin ...
... Mitochondria is the major site of fatty acid degradation. However very long fatty acids and other less‐common fatty acids are degraded in the peroxisome (like α‐oxidation for phytol) Key difference: 1. Instead of passing electrons from FADH2 to ETC, electrons are passed to O2, forming H2O2. Sin ...
Studies on the Physiological Significance of the Lack
... associated with amino acids derived directly from pyruvate. In contrast, growth in the presence of [l*C]acetate or [14C]succinateresulted in more-or-less uniform labelling of all biogenic classes of amino acids. These results are consistent with the lack of an active pyruvate dehydrogenase complex w ...
... associated with amino acids derived directly from pyruvate. In contrast, growth in the presence of [l*C]acetate or [14C]succinateresulted in more-or-less uniform labelling of all biogenic classes of amino acids. These results are consistent with the lack of an active pyruvate dehydrogenase complex w ...
An Introduction to Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism
... two forms: kinetic energy and potential energy (Figure 6.1). Kinetic energy is energy associated with movement, such as the movement of a baseball bat from one location to another. By comparison, potential energy is the energy that a substance possesses due to its structure or location. The energy c ...
... two forms: kinetic energy and potential energy (Figure 6.1). Kinetic energy is energy associated with movement, such as the movement of a baseball bat from one location to another. By comparison, potential energy is the energy that a substance possesses due to its structure or location. The energy c ...
16.2. Plant Organs: Roots, Stems, and Leaves
... Leaves may vary in size, shape, and their arrangement on stems. Nonflowering vascular plants have three basic types of leaves: microphylls (“tiny leaves”), fronds, and needles. Figure 16.10 describes each type. Flowering vascular plants also have diverse leaves. However, the leaves of all flowering ...
... Leaves may vary in size, shape, and their arrangement on stems. Nonflowering vascular plants have three basic types of leaves: microphylls (“tiny leaves”), fronds, and needles. Figure 16.10 describes each type. Flowering vascular plants also have diverse leaves. However, the leaves of all flowering ...
answer key - chem.uwec.edu
... • Classify organisms based on their source of energy. • Describe the energy requirements for living organisms. • Describe relationships between energy and metabolism. (Question 1) • Discuss phosphoryl transfer potentials and their importance in metabolism. (Question 1) • Demonstrate an understanding ...
... • Classify organisms based on their source of energy. • Describe the energy requirements for living organisms. • Describe relationships between energy and metabolism. (Question 1) • Discuss phosphoryl transfer potentials and their importance in metabolism. (Question 1) • Demonstrate an understanding ...
AP Biology - Ch 6 - Cellular Respiration Study Guide
... b. Each reaction requires ATP. c. In eukaryotes, they occur in the cytoplasm. d. They vary from organism to organism. e. Each one is regulated by specific enzymes. 6. Which of the following statements about ATP is true? a. It is an energy-storage compound. b. It is the cell’s principal compound for ...
... b. Each reaction requires ATP. c. In eukaryotes, they occur in the cytoplasm. d. They vary from organism to organism. e. Each one is regulated by specific enzymes. 6. Which of the following statements about ATP is true? a. It is an energy-storage compound. b. It is the cell’s principal compound for ...
NOTES: Ch 9, part 4
... ● Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the Krebs cycle ● Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ● An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
... ● Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the Krebs cycle ● Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ● An oxidized gram of fat produces more than twice as much ATP as an oxidized gram of carbohydrate ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... Cellular respiration consists of a sequence of many chemical reactions that we can divide into three main stages. Figure 6.6 gives an overview of these stages and shows where they occur in a eukaryotic cell. (In prokaryotic cells that use aerobic respiration, these steps occur in the cytosol, and th ...
... Cellular respiration consists of a sequence of many chemical reactions that we can divide into three main stages. Figure 6.6 gives an overview of these stages and shows where they occur in a eukaryotic cell. (In prokaryotic cells that use aerobic respiration, these steps occur in the cytosol, and th ...
Regeneration of NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
... • Mechanism involves two covalent intermediates with the enzyme: • Addition of pyruvate to TPP and loss of CO2 forms hydroxyethyl TPP. • (This same intermediate is formed by pyruvate decarboxylase in yeast alcoholic fermentation). ...
Lecture 9-lea
... phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. • The most important rate-limiting step is that catalyzed by phosphofructokinase. • Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by high concentrations of ATP. • Note that the activity of glucose transporters (GLUTs) can affect the intracellular glucose concentration. In ...
... phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. • The most important rate-limiting step is that catalyzed by phosphofructokinase. • Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by high concentrations of ATP. • Note that the activity of glucose transporters (GLUTs) can affect the intracellular glucose concentration. In ...
Enzyme powerpoint
... Enzymes vocabulary substrate reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate complex: temporary association ...
... Enzymes vocabulary substrate reactant which binds to enzyme enzyme-substrate complex: temporary association ...
Effect of microaerobiosis
... understanding the regulation of photosynthesis (Summerfield et al., 2011). On the scale of complexity of photosynthesis, contemporary cyanobacteria, resembles closely to higher plants (Mulkidjanian et al., 2006). The cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis is a multiplex cumulative process performed ...
... understanding the regulation of photosynthesis (Summerfield et al., 2011). On the scale of complexity of photosynthesis, contemporary cyanobacteria, resembles closely to higher plants (Mulkidjanian et al., 2006). The cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis is a multiplex cumulative process performed ...
The citric acid cycle is the
... transformation of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate. Thus, for every succinate that enters the reversed cycle, two succinates are returned, making the cycle highly autocatalytic. • Because TCA cycle intermediates are involved in many biosynthetic pathways, a reversed TCA cycle would be a bountifuland broad ...
... transformation of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate. Thus, for every succinate that enters the reversed cycle, two succinates are returned, making the cycle highly autocatalytic. • Because TCA cycle intermediates are involved in many biosynthetic pathways, a reversed TCA cycle would be a bountifuland broad ...
Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging Activity of Flavone Glycosides from Melilotus neapolitana
... metabolites from plants having a strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities [5, 6]. In this study, one new and six known flavone glycosides were isolated from Melilotus neapolitana and the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated. Results and Discussi ...
... metabolites from plants having a strong antioxidant and radical scavenging activities [5, 6]. In this study, one new and six known flavone glycosides were isolated from Melilotus neapolitana and the radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of these compounds were evaluated. Results and Discussi ...
Bacteria
... which was also utilized by the bacterial communities near the vents. • Thus through time, heat and pressure were able to turn the carbon along with the bacterial colonies into diamonds. "So, those sparklers of yours may just be clumps of billion-year-old bacterial corpses" ...
... which was also utilized by the bacterial communities near the vents. • Thus through time, heat and pressure were able to turn the carbon along with the bacterial colonies into diamonds. "So, those sparklers of yours may just be clumps of billion-year-old bacterial corpses" ...
The strange, beautiful and powerful world of microbes
... which was also utilized by the bacterial communities near the vents. • Thus through time, heat and pressure were able to turn the carbon along with the bacterial colonies into diamonds. "So, those sparklers of yours may just be clumps of billion-year-old bacterial corpses" ...
... which was also utilized by the bacterial communities near the vents. • Thus through time, heat and pressure were able to turn the carbon along with the bacterial colonies into diamonds. "So, those sparklers of yours may just be clumps of billion-year-old bacterial corpses" ...
2007 Exam 3 1. The goal of the oxidative phase of the pentose
... a. a three carbon fatty acyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. b. metabolite that can enter the glycolytic pathway and produce PEP for glucose synthesis. c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an od ...
... a. a three carbon fatty acyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an odd number of carbons. b. metabolite that can enter the glycolytic pathway and produce PEP for glucose synthesis. c. is the reduced form of acetyl CoA that is produced during oxidation of fatty acids with an od ...
File
... the brain by the phrenic and intercostal nerves Neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the medulla The pons appears to smooth out respiratory rate Normal respiratory rate (eupnea) is 12–15 respirations per minute Hypernia is increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen nee ...
... the brain by the phrenic and intercostal nerves Neural centers that control rate and depth are located in the medulla The pons appears to smooth out respiratory rate Normal respiratory rate (eupnea) is 12–15 respirations per minute Hypernia is increased respiratory rate often due to extra oxygen nee ...
Hans A. Krebs - Nobel Lecture
... phydryl group of coenzyme A which is essential for the metabolism of tlketonic acids. A high substrate concentration causes a competitive inhibition of the oxidation of other substances. When malonate was added, succinate was found to be a major product of the oxidation of citrate. Of major signific ...
... phydryl group of coenzyme A which is essential for the metabolism of tlketonic acids. A high substrate concentration causes a competitive inhibition of the oxidation of other substances. When malonate was added, succinate was found to be a major product of the oxidation of citrate. Of major signific ...
RBTopic3_7 Cellular Respiration - wfs
... 5. Anaerobic respiration results in lactic acid (lactate) in animals. Lactate causes muscle burn and soreness. 6. During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP. 7. Glycolysis may occur in both anaerobic and aerobic re ...
... 5. Anaerobic respiration results in lactic acid (lactate) in animals. Lactate causes muscle burn and soreness. 6. During aerobic respiration, pyruvate is broken down in the mitochondrion into carbon dioxide and water with a large yield of ATP. 7. Glycolysis may occur in both anaerobic and aerobic re ...
Lungs and Breathing Take a deep breath. Feel how your chest
... When you inhale air through your nose or your mouth, that air takes off on an incredible journey. First it goes down the back of your throat, past your voice box, and into your windpipe, or trachea. Your trachea is like a tunnel that branches off into two more tunnels called bronchial tubes or bronc ...
... When you inhale air through your nose or your mouth, that air takes off on an incredible journey. First it goes down the back of your throat, past your voice box, and into your windpipe, or trachea. Your trachea is like a tunnel that branches off into two more tunnels called bronchial tubes or bronc ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.