New AHSGE Science Study Guide
... with water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen. This process takes place in chloroplast of the cell. There are three main factors that affect photosynthesis and they are light intensity, water availability, and ...
... with water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen. This process takes place in chloroplast of the cell. There are three main factors that affect photosynthesis and they are light intensity, water availability, and ...
Chapter 4 - Enzymes and Energy
... concentration to high concentration. • The most common primary active transport mechanism is the Na+/K+ pump. In this case, the protein carrier is an ATPase that converts ATP to ADP + Pi. The carrier transports 3 Na+ out of the cell and takes in 2 K+. Na/K Pump Animation.. ...
... concentration to high concentration. • The most common primary active transport mechanism is the Na+/K+ pump. In this case, the protein carrier is an ATPase that converts ATP to ADP + Pi. The carrier transports 3 Na+ out of the cell and takes in 2 K+. Na/K Pump Animation.. ...
Cellular Respiration Explained
... ❋GLYCOLYSIS means the “splitting of sugar,” and takes place in the cytoplasm! The overall process is just that: Glucose, a six carbon sugar is split into two separate three carbon molecules. These are then changed into another type of molecule called pyruvate, AKA pyruvic acid. But pyruvate is not t ...
... ❋GLYCOLYSIS means the “splitting of sugar,” and takes place in the cytoplasm! The overall process is just that: Glucose, a six carbon sugar is split into two separate three carbon molecules. These are then changed into another type of molecule called pyruvate, AKA pyruvic acid. But pyruvate is not t ...
Biol-1406_Ch6.ppt
... • Energy carrier molecules act as intermediates to carry energy between exergonic and endergonic reactions • Energy carrier molecules are only used within cells because they are unstable ...
... • Energy carrier molecules act as intermediates to carry energy between exergonic and endergonic reactions • Energy carrier molecules are only used within cells because they are unstable ...
Gateway Biology Review
... order to grow and maintain life come from the nutrients in food. There are 6 classes of nutrients in food- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. Of these, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the major sources of energy for the body. Analyze and evaluate the sample daily d ...
... order to grow and maintain life come from the nutrients in food. There are 6 classes of nutrients in food- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. Of these, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the major sources of energy for the body. Analyze and evaluate the sample daily d ...
Gateway - OnMyCalendar
... order to grow and maintain life come from the nutrients in food. There are 6 classes of nutrients in food- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. Of these, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the major sources of energy for the body. Analyze and evaluate the sample daily d ...
... order to grow and maintain life come from the nutrients in food. There are 6 classes of nutrients in food- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water, vitamins, and minerals. Of these, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are the major sources of energy for the body. Analyze and evaluate the sample daily d ...
Plant Unit class slides 4.19.16
... 3. Phloem – the set of tube like structures in vascular plants that transport sugars, which are made primarily in the leaves, to other parts of the plant or store it for later use ...
... 3. Phloem – the set of tube like structures in vascular plants that transport sugars, which are made primarily in the leaves, to other parts of the plant or store it for later use ...
ppt Oxygen Debt-Energy Systems - NCEA-Physical
... allows for 3-5 glucose – end sec. of activity result is pyruvate ATP-PC used Converted to up in 10-15 lactic acid if sec. of activity anaerobic envir. ...
... allows for 3-5 glucose – end sec. of activity result is pyruvate ATP-PC used Converted to up in 10-15 lactic acid if sec. of activity anaerobic envir. ...
ENERGY
... • In cells, energy is gradually released by a series of chemical reactions. • The rates of chemical reactions are controlled by enzymes • Enzymes = catalysts ; catalysts made of protein found in living organisms • Some of the energy from chemical bonds is released as heat • Some of the energy from c ...
... • In cells, energy is gradually released by a series of chemical reactions. • The rates of chemical reactions are controlled by enzymes • Enzymes = catalysts ; catalysts made of protein found in living organisms • Some of the energy from chemical bonds is released as heat • Some of the energy from c ...
Biology_HOT_Lab_Addendum_Questions
... isolation (i.e., anatomical differences that prevent copulation), and gametic isolation (i.e., egg and sperm fail to fuse to form a zygote). Postzygotic barriers, on the other hand, are factors that prevent a zygote from developing into a viable and fertile adult once sperm and egg fuse. The two mos ...
... isolation (i.e., anatomical differences that prevent copulation), and gametic isolation (i.e., egg and sperm fail to fuse to form a zygote). Postzygotic barriers, on the other hand, are factors that prevent a zygote from developing into a viable and fertile adult once sperm and egg fuse. The two mos ...
Respiration - shscience.net
... Definition- the exchange of CO2 and O2 AND it’s also the production of energy (ATP) • (it’s NOT just “breathing”. It is also the release of energy by our cells!) •it allows exchange of outside air and our circulatory system (blood transport) ...
... Definition- the exchange of CO2 and O2 AND it’s also the production of energy (ATP) • (it’s NOT just “breathing”. It is also the release of energy by our cells!) •it allows exchange of outside air and our circulatory system (blood transport) ...
What are Adaptations?
... obtain more or better utilize light so they can maximize photosynthesis. Many plants have adaptations for climbing. In this way they can climb up closer to the top of the canopy where there is more light. Such plants include vines and lianas (woody vines). Epiphytes like orchids and bromeliads have ...
... obtain more or better utilize light so they can maximize photosynthesis. Many plants have adaptations for climbing. In this way they can climb up closer to the top of the canopy where there is more light. Such plants include vines and lianas (woody vines). Epiphytes like orchids and bromeliads have ...
UNIT I - apbiologypathways
... Sulfur occurs in some proteins. The sulfur appears as part of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) in the amino acid cysteine. These groups allow parts of proteins to bond together covalently via disulfide bridges. R–SH + HS–R R-S-S-R + H2 There are four main groups of biologically important organic molecules: ...
... Sulfur occurs in some proteins. The sulfur appears as part of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) in the amino acid cysteine. These groups allow parts of proteins to bond together covalently via disulfide bridges. R–SH + HS–R R-S-S-R + H2 There are four main groups of biologically important organic molecules: ...
Metabolism
... established with few H+ in the matrix and many in the intermembrane space. The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformationa ...
... established with few H+ in the matrix and many in the intermembrane space. The cristae also contain an ATP synthase complex through which hydrogen ions flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix. The flow of three H+ through an ATP synthase complex causes a conformationa ...
Chapter 1 Answer Key
... A: Cytoplasm—a gel-like substance in which all the cellular contents are suspended B: Mitochondria—organelles that produce ATP from pyruvate C: Cristae—parts of the inner mitochondrial membrane that hold proteins, enzymes, and other components that take part in the reactions of cellular respiration ...
... A: Cytoplasm—a gel-like substance in which all the cellular contents are suspended B: Mitochondria—organelles that produce ATP from pyruvate C: Cristae—parts of the inner mitochondrial membrane that hold proteins, enzymes, and other components that take part in the reactions of cellular respiration ...
Biology revision notes
... grinding food. Chemical digestion Chemical digestion involves the use of special chemicals, called enzymes, to breakdown the large food molecules (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) into smaller ones. An enzyme can be defined as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a chemical which speeds up a chemic ...
... grinding food. Chemical digestion Chemical digestion involves the use of special chemicals, called enzymes, to breakdown the large food molecules (proteins, fats and carbohydrates) into smaller ones. An enzyme can be defined as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a chemical which speeds up a chemic ...
1 Plant Characteristics Booklet Student Name
... Stomata (little doorways on leaf that open and close, allowing water vapor & oxygen to escape). The stomata open and close by means of the guard cells. ...
... Stomata (little doorways on leaf that open and close, allowing water vapor & oxygen to escape). The stomata open and close by means of the guard cells. ...
Lecture 5 & 6 Metabolism S11 Chpt. 6 for HO
... •Oxidizes NADH, generating NAD for use in further rounds of glucose breakdown •Stops short of the transition step and the TCA cycle, which together generate 5X more reducing power ...
... •Oxidizes NADH, generating NAD for use in further rounds of glucose breakdown •Stops short of the transition step and the TCA cycle, which together generate 5X more reducing power ...
- Our Schools
... • Stored lipids serve as an energy source • Insulates body tissues • Cushions and protects organs • Synthesize hormones and Vitamin D ...
... • Stored lipids serve as an energy source • Insulates body tissues • Cushions and protects organs • Synthesize hormones and Vitamin D ...
Chapter 23
... After the first invasion, 60 million years later, plants had radiated throughout the land Seed fossils date back about 385 millions years Angiosperms emerged around 145 million years ago and quickly (within 40 million years) became dominant land plants ...
... After the first invasion, 60 million years later, plants had radiated throughout the land Seed fossils date back about 385 millions years Angiosperms emerged around 145 million years ago and quickly (within 40 million years) became dominant land plants ...
Revised NEW Item Specifications October 2007 Biology
... Which factor does NOT affect the process of photosynthesis? A ...
... Which factor does NOT affect the process of photosynthesis? A ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is part of a metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon ...
... Krebs cycle) is a series of chemical reactions of central importance in all living cells that utilize oxygen as part of cellular respiration. In aerobic organisms, the citric acid cycle is part of a metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon ...
Photosynthesis in Extreme Environments
... with the only exception of high temperature (>70ºC) and the deep subsurface biosphere (Roberts, 1999). The development of molecular technologies and their application to microbial ecology has increased our knowledge of eukaryotic diversity in many different environments (Caron et al., 2004). This is ...
... with the only exception of high temperature (>70ºC) and the deep subsurface biosphere (Roberts, 1999). The development of molecular technologies and their application to microbial ecology has increased our knowledge of eukaryotic diversity in many different environments (Caron et al., 2004). This is ...
Xerophytes and Hydrophytes
... (sclerenchyma) and instead have parenchyma with many air spaces; such tissue is called aerenchyma. The water reduces both the amount of light reaching the plant and the speed of gaseous diffusion ( gases diffuse through liquids slower than they do through air). In order to maximise the amount of lig ...
... (sclerenchyma) and instead have parenchyma with many air spaces; such tissue is called aerenchyma. The water reduces both the amount of light reaching the plant and the speed of gaseous diffusion ( gases diffuse through liquids slower than they do through air). In order to maximise the amount of lig ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.