Lecture Power Point
... •It is a chemical reaction between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane. •These H+ ions are used to produce ATP, as they move back across the membrane. ...
... •It is a chemical reaction between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane. •These H+ ions are used to produce ATP, as they move back across the membrane. ...
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions – Brooker et al ARIS site
... has revealed that some plants near those under attack respond to volatile compounds by building up defenses. “Talking” to other plants does not enhance the “talker’s” fitness. But the ability to “listen” enhances the “listener’s” fitness, because it can take preemptive actions to prevent attack. Exp ...
... has revealed that some plants near those under attack respond to volatile compounds by building up defenses. “Talking” to other plants does not enhance the “talker’s” fitness. But the ability to “listen” enhances the “listener’s” fitness, because it can take preemptive actions to prevent attack. Exp ...
Chapter 3
... Some organisms (i.e. deep ocean bacteria) draw energy from hydrothermal vents and produce carbohydrates from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas ...
... Some organisms (i.e. deep ocean bacteria) draw energy from hydrothermal vents and produce carbohydrates from hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas ...
copyrighted material
... exercise, blood glucose levels may drop because muscle cells absorb glucose from the blood and use it as a source of energy for muscle contraction. In response to falling blood glucose levels, another group of specialized pancreatic cells (beta cells) secretes a second hormone, glucagon. Glucagon st ...
... exercise, blood glucose levels may drop because muscle cells absorb glucose from the blood and use it as a source of energy for muscle contraction. In response to falling blood glucose levels, another group of specialized pancreatic cells (beta cells) secretes a second hormone, glucagon. Glucagon st ...
Ch 18 reading guide
... 6. Which cofactor is necessary for the decarboxylation? 7. Which cofactor is involved in redox and also forms a thioester? 8. In the process, FAD is reduced to _____________ as lipoamide is reoxidized. In turn, _______________ is reoxidized to FAD as NAD+ is reduced to ________________. 9. Which cof ...
... 6. Which cofactor is necessary for the decarboxylation? 7. Which cofactor is involved in redox and also forms a thioester? 8. In the process, FAD is reduced to _____________ as lipoamide is reoxidized. In turn, _______________ is reoxidized to FAD as NAD+ is reduced to ________________. 9. Which cof ...
BIOE 155, Freshwater Ecology Phytoplankton and Zooplankton
... Movement is dominated by viscous forces (Reynolds number) Surface to volume ratio is a function of size. o Smaller size increased surface:volume ratio o Therefore, smaller cells can do better in low nutrient conditions Feeding type: Autotrophic—organisms that get their energy from the sun using ph ...
... Movement is dominated by viscous forces (Reynolds number) Surface to volume ratio is a function of size. o Smaller size increased surface:volume ratio o Therefore, smaller cells can do better in low nutrient conditions Feeding type: Autotrophic—organisms that get their energy from the sun using ph ...
NAD + , NADP +
... donors in the nonaqueous environment of membranes. Iron-sulfur proteins and cytochromes, which have tightly bound prosthetic groups that undergo reversible oxidation and reduction, also serve as electron carriers in many Redox reactions. Some of these proteins are water-soluble, but others are p ...
... donors in the nonaqueous environment of membranes. Iron-sulfur proteins and cytochromes, which have tightly bound prosthetic groups that undergo reversible oxidation and reduction, also serve as electron carriers in many Redox reactions. Some of these proteins are water-soluble, but others are p ...
Kingdom Plantae
... Setting the Stage for Plants • Earth’s atmosphere was originally oxygen free • Ultraviolet radiation bombarded the surface • Photosynthetic cells produced oxygen and allowed formation of a protective ozone layer ...
... Setting the Stage for Plants • Earth’s atmosphere was originally oxygen free • Ultraviolet radiation bombarded the surface • Photosynthetic cells produced oxygen and allowed formation of a protective ozone layer ...
Basic Concepts of Cellular Metabolism and Bioenergetics
... Further degradation. Produces amino acids, hexose sugars, fatty acids and glycerol. Moves materials into blood for transport to cells. ...
... Further degradation. Produces amino acids, hexose sugars, fatty acids and glycerol. Moves materials into blood for transport to cells. ...
lec27_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... Keep in mind that many enzymatic reactions run in both directions in metabolism, consequently the “product” may be used to name the enzyme. ii) the nature of the chemical reaction. iii) most names end in “-ase” Enzymes Involved in Group Transfer Reactions: A. Phosphatase: Removes a phosphate group f ...
... Keep in mind that many enzymatic reactions run in both directions in metabolism, consequently the “product” may be used to name the enzyme. ii) the nature of the chemical reaction. iii) most names end in “-ase” Enzymes Involved in Group Transfer Reactions: A. Phosphatase: Removes a phosphate group f ...
glossary - Agronomy Society of New Zealand
... than the surrounding hard endosperm to leave a shallow depression at the top of the kernel. ENDOSPERM. The nutritive tissue surrounding and nourishing the embryo in seed plants. ENZYME. A protein that is synthesized in a living cell and catalyzes or speeds up a chemical reaction. EPICOTYL. The young ...
... than the surrounding hard endosperm to leave a shallow depression at the top of the kernel. ENDOSPERM. The nutritive tissue surrounding and nourishing the embryo in seed plants. ENZYME. A protein that is synthesized in a living cell and catalyzes or speeds up a chemical reaction. EPICOTYL. The young ...
Ecology
... Even predator and prey populations are related. If the predator population is low, the numbers of the prey species will increase. Most predator species will reproduce in larger numbers if food is abundant. As the numbers of the predator species increase, the prey population begins to decline. ...
... Even predator and prey populations are related. If the predator population is low, the numbers of the prey species will increase. Most predator species will reproduce in larger numbers if food is abundant. As the numbers of the predator species increase, the prey population begins to decline. ...
electron transport chain
... pathways to power the biosynthesis of amino acids, fats, and sugars to provide virtually all the heat needed to maintain body temperature to create energy sources, such as glucose or amino acids, that are recycled back through respiration, thus allowing a continual source of ATP with relatively litt ...
... pathways to power the biosynthesis of amino acids, fats, and sugars to provide virtually all the heat needed to maintain body temperature to create energy sources, such as glucose or amino acids, that are recycled back through respiration, thus allowing a continual source of ATP with relatively litt ...
9.3 Fermentation
... • There is a pathway that can make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
... • There is a pathway that can make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
... Electrons pass from NADH or FADH2 to O2, the terminal electron acceptor, through a chain of carriers in the inner membrane (FMN, Fe-S center, Heme group Fe, CoQ); As electrons move through the electron-transport chain, H+ are pumped out across the inner membrane, and form Proton motive force; Elect ...
... Electrons pass from NADH or FADH2 to O2, the terminal electron acceptor, through a chain of carriers in the inner membrane (FMN, Fe-S center, Heme group Fe, CoQ); As electrons move through the electron-transport chain, H+ are pumped out across the inner membrane, and form Proton motive force; Elect ...
Cell Energy: Fermentation
... In aerobic respiration, the nal electron acceptor is an oxygen molecule, O2 . If aerobic respiration occurs, then ATP will be produced using the energy of the high-energy electrons carried by NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain. If aerobic respiration does not occur, NADH must be reoxidiz ...
... In aerobic respiration, the nal electron acceptor is an oxygen molecule, O2 . If aerobic respiration occurs, then ATP will be produced using the energy of the high-energy electrons carried by NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain. If aerobic respiration does not occur, NADH must be reoxidiz ...
Because of the polar structure of water, many ionic and polar
... Covalent bond - atoms sharing 1 or more pairs of electrons in their outer shells. Sometimes an attraction between 2 atoms is almost, but not quite enough for 1 atom to pull electrons away from the other atom. Thus, the atoms end up sharing electrons and this is how both atoms fill their outermost sh ...
... Covalent bond - atoms sharing 1 or more pairs of electrons in their outer shells. Sometimes an attraction between 2 atoms is almost, but not quite enough for 1 atom to pull electrons away from the other atom. Thus, the atoms end up sharing electrons and this is how both atoms fill their outermost sh ...
Chapter 7
... Process—Photosynthesis a. Plants store glucose as starch and release oxygen into the atmosphere. b. Carbon dioxide from the air combines with water from the earth to form a carbohydrate (glucose) and oxygen. c. In the glucose molecules, the chemical bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms hold t ...
... Process—Photosynthesis a. Plants store glucose as starch and release oxygen into the atmosphere. b. Carbon dioxide from the air combines with water from the earth to form a carbohydrate (glucose) and oxygen. c. In the glucose molecules, the chemical bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms hold t ...
Chapter 4 - Enzymes and Energy
... concentration to high concentration. • The most common primary active transport mechanism is the Na+/K+ pump. In this case, the protein carrier is an ATPase that converts ATP to ADP + Pi. The carrier transports 3 Na+ out of the cell and takes in 2 K+. Na/K Pump Animation.. ...
... concentration to high concentration. • The most common primary active transport mechanism is the Na+/K+ pump. In this case, the protein carrier is an ATPase that converts ATP to ADP + Pi. The carrier transports 3 Na+ out of the cell and takes in 2 K+. Na/K Pump Animation.. ...
Respiration - segaran1996
... • Synthesis of large organic molecules from simpler ones, eg. synthesis of proteins from amino acids. • Cell division • Active transport in absorption • Muscle contraction, eg. heartbeat, breathing movement • Transmission of nerve impulse • Heat energy from respiration used to regulate body temperat ...
... • Synthesis of large organic molecules from simpler ones, eg. synthesis of proteins from amino acids. • Cell division • Active transport in absorption • Muscle contraction, eg. heartbeat, breathing movement • Transmission of nerve impulse • Heat energy from respiration used to regulate body temperat ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.