1.Oxidative phosphorylation
... tissue is abundant in the newborn and in some adult mammals, and it is brown because of its high content of mitochondria. In humans, brown adipose tissue is abundant in infants, but it gradually diminishes and is barely detectable in adults. • UCP1 provides body heat during cold stress in the young ...
... tissue is abundant in the newborn and in some adult mammals, and it is brown because of its high content of mitochondria. In humans, brown adipose tissue is abundant in infants, but it gradually diminishes and is barely detectable in adults. • UCP1 provides body heat during cold stress in the young ...
Cell Respiration Key
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Label the following picture. Use the following terms: ETC (electron transport chain), pyruvate, mitochondrial matrix, CO2, NADH, Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis, Cytoplasm, ATP, Glucose, inner membrane and FADH2. ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Label the following picture. Use the following terms: ETC (electron transport chain), pyruvate, mitochondrial matrix, CO2, NADH, Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis, Cytoplasm, ATP, Glucose, inner membrane and FADH2. ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 4 “Sugars and Fats”
... Synthesis of macromolecules from smaller building blocks enables a wide variety of molecules to be made. Our cells contain a variety of different macromolecules to carry out their functions. These are made from only about 40 or 50 types of small molecules. Putting together the pieces in different wa ...
... Synthesis of macromolecules from smaller building blocks enables a wide variety of molecules to be made. Our cells contain a variety of different macromolecules to carry out their functions. These are made from only about 40 or 50 types of small molecules. Putting together the pieces in different wa ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... Km) for lactate compared to the M4 isozyme - M4 isozymes is specific to those skeletal muscles functioning anaerobically - pyruvate is a substrate for H4 isozyme, but it also inhibits the reaction catalyzed by the H4 isozyme as soon as the concentration of pyruvate rises significantly (allosteric in ...
... Km) for lactate compared to the M4 isozyme - M4 isozymes is specific to those skeletal muscles functioning anaerobically - pyruvate is a substrate for H4 isozyme, but it also inhibits the reaction catalyzed by the H4 isozyme as soon as the concentration of pyruvate rises significantly (allosteric in ...
lec33_2013 - Andrew.cmu.edu
... How the motor works: Every time three proton move through the complex, the subunit rotates 120°. The rotation of subunit changes the conformation of the β-subunits such that the Gibbs energy of the bound ADP + Pi becomes higher than the energy of ATP, thus ATP forms spontaneously from the bo ...
... How the motor works: Every time three proton move through the complex, the subunit rotates 120°. The rotation of subunit changes the conformation of the β-subunits such that the Gibbs energy of the bound ADP + Pi becomes higher than the energy of ATP, thus ATP forms spontaneously from the bo ...
18_Energy metabolism. Biological oxidation. Chemiosmotic theory
... collected in form of transmembrane proton gradient and used to drive the synthesis of ATP. ...
... collected in form of transmembrane proton gradient and used to drive the synthesis of ATP. ...
Unit 3 - Energy Systems and Muscle Fibres
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION – 36 ATP Glucose fuels this system but, Glucose ▪ Fats can be broken down when exercise occurs for longer than 20 min 2 ATP are ▪ Proteins can beMade broken down in chronic situations – ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION – 36 ATP Glucose fuels this system but, Glucose ▪ Fats can be broken down when exercise occurs for longer than 20 min 2 ATP are ▪ Proteins can beMade broken down in chronic situations – ...
Enzymes I – What Is an Enzyme?
... amount of energy of reactants and products. Chemical reactions releasing energy, for example, are termed exergonic reactions, while chemical reactions requiring a net input of energy are termed endergonic reactions. Regardless of whether a chemical reaction is endergonic or exergonic, however, virtu ...
... amount of energy of reactants and products. Chemical reactions releasing energy, for example, are termed exergonic reactions, while chemical reactions requiring a net input of energy are termed endergonic reactions. Regardless of whether a chemical reaction is endergonic or exergonic, however, virtu ...
Chapter 9: How do cells harvest energy?
... B. along with carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats) are generally major energy sources in foods; nucleic acids are not present in high amounts in foods and thus aren’t as important in providing cells with energy C. proteins are broken into amino acids, which can be broken down further ...
... B. along with carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats) are generally major energy sources in foods; nucleic acids are not present in high amounts in foods and thus aren’t as important in providing cells with energy C. proteins are broken into amino acids, which can be broken down further ...
Energy and Enzymes
... Many enzymes require a cofactor to assist in the reaction. These "assistants" are nonprotein and may be metal ions such as magnesium (Mg++), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++). The cofactors bind to the enzyme and participate in the reaction by removing electrons, protons , or chemical groups from t ...
... Many enzymes require a cofactor to assist in the reaction. These "assistants" are nonprotein and may be metal ions such as magnesium (Mg++), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++). The cofactors bind to the enzyme and participate in the reaction by removing electrons, protons , or chemical groups from t ...
Respiration
... food to be broken down into a form that can be used by an organism. • Respiration is a continuously ongoing process which occurs in almost every cell of an organism ...
... food to be broken down into a form that can be used by an organism. • Respiration is a continuously ongoing process which occurs in almost every cell of an organism ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... b) Taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP c) Taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, and using the energy released to make ATP d) Converting higher energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules, and using the energy released to ...
... b) Taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP c) Taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, and using the energy released to make ATP d) Converting higher energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules, and using the energy released to ...
ATP - FTHS Wiki
... What is Cellular Respiration? • When organisms release the _______ energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules such as glucose and other sugars made in photosynthesis. • The type of energy released is • ATP powers all work within cells. ATP Glucose Fructose Sucrose: A disaccharide Monosac ...
... What is Cellular Respiration? • When organisms release the _______ energy stored in the chemical bonds of food molecules such as glucose and other sugars made in photosynthesis. • The type of energy released is • ATP powers all work within cells. ATP Glucose Fructose Sucrose: A disaccharide Monosac ...
Chapter 3 Bioenergetics
... through channels in ATP synthase enzyme complex. This entry is coupled to ATP synthesis from ADP and phosphate (Pi) ...
... through channels in ATP synthase enzyme complex. This entry is coupled to ATP synthesis from ADP and phosphate (Pi) ...
Cells, Mitosis-Meiosis, Photosynthesis
... reactions that release energy. The energy is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH2, another energy-carrying compound. Carbon dioxide is also released as a waste product of these reactions. The final step of the Krebs cycle regenerates OAA, the molecule that began the Krebs cycle. This molecu ...
... reactions that release energy. The energy is captured in molecules of NADH, ATP, and FADH2, another energy-carrying compound. Carbon dioxide is also released as a waste product of these reactions. The final step of the Krebs cycle regenerates OAA, the molecule that began the Krebs cycle. This molecu ...
Plant Diversity I Notes
... rely on and be limited by the ability of diffusion to move water and substances around the organism. 5. Some mosses, however have primitive conducting tissue in their “stems” that allows them to grow taller, about 2 meters. Although this tissue transports nutrients like vascular tissue, it has a dif ...
... rely on and be limited by the ability of diffusion to move water and substances around the organism. 5. Some mosses, however have primitive conducting tissue in their “stems” that allows them to grow taller, about 2 meters. Although this tissue transports nutrients like vascular tissue, it has a dif ...
boulder conference - Thinking Like A Biologist
... answer to a problem posed at one level is actually due to processes occurring at another level. For example, weight loss in animals and plants (an organismal issue) is explained by the cellular process of respiration. We have chosen these four practices as the focus for the content framework because ...
... answer to a problem posed at one level is actually due to processes occurring at another level. For example, weight loss in animals and plants (an organismal issue) is explained by the cellular process of respiration. We have chosen these four practices as the focus for the content framework because ...
ENERGY SYSTEMS
... Triglycerides (fats) are broken down by enzymes termed lipases into free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation FFA pr ...
... Triglycerides (fats) are broken down by enzymes termed lipases into free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation FFA pr ...
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions – Brooker et al ARIS site
... has revealed that some plants near those under attack respond to volatile compounds by building up defenses. “Talking” to other plants does not enhance the “talker’s” fitness. But the ability to “listen” enhances the “listener’s” fitness, because it can take preemptive actions to prevent attack. Exp ...
... has revealed that some plants near those under attack respond to volatile compounds by building up defenses. “Talking” to other plants does not enhance the “talker’s” fitness. But the ability to “listen” enhances the “listener’s” fitness, because it can take preemptive actions to prevent attack. Exp ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.