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COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
... nature. Usually, a particular species of microorganism belongs to only one of the four nutritional types. However, some microorganisms have great metabolic flexibility and can alter their nutritional type in response to environmental change. For example, many purple non-sulfur bacteria are photohete ...
... nature. Usually, a particular species of microorganism belongs to only one of the four nutritional types. However, some microorganisms have great metabolic flexibility and can alter their nutritional type in response to environmental change. For example, many purple non-sulfur bacteria are photohete ...
Plant Diversity 1: The Colonization of Land
... • In vascular tissues, cells join into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. • Most bryophytes lack water-conducting tubes and are sometimes referred to as “nonvascular plants.” Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • In vascular tissues, cells join into tubes that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body. • Most bryophytes lack water-conducting tubes and are sometimes referred to as “nonvascular plants.” Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Estuarine Benthic Algae
... Marine green algae range from cold temperate to tropical waters. Green algae reach highest diversity and abundance in tropical regions, with several families such as the Caulerpaceae and Udoteaceae being very abundant in coral reef and associated seagrass habitats. Often overlooked, but very abundan ...
... Marine green algae range from cold temperate to tropical waters. Green algae reach highest diversity and abundance in tropical regions, with several families such as the Caulerpaceae and Udoteaceae being very abundant in coral reef and associated seagrass habitats. Often overlooked, but very abundan ...
lecture1
... shunt, Uronic acid pathway, Fructose metabolism, Galactose metabolism and Amino sugar metabolism. Glycolysis (Embden – meyerhof pathway) This is the anaerobic process by which glucose is degraded to 2 moles of ...
... shunt, Uronic acid pathway, Fructose metabolism, Galactose metabolism and Amino sugar metabolism. Glycolysis (Embden – meyerhof pathway) This is the anaerobic process by which glucose is degraded to 2 moles of ...
Diversity of Protists
... About 1,500 species Most live in colder ocean waters along rocky coasts No unicellular or colonial brown forms Morphology: Some small forms with simple filaments Others large multicellular forms that may exceed 200 m in length ...
... About 1,500 species Most live in colder ocean waters along rocky coasts No unicellular or colonial brown forms Morphology: Some small forms with simple filaments Others large multicellular forms that may exceed 200 m in length ...
Chapter 23
... metabolized into succinyl CoA. In this pathway, propionyl-CoA is converted to methylmalonylCoA, a process driven in part by ATP hydrolysis. Succinyl-CoA is a citric acid cycle intermediate that is metabolized to oxaloacetate. This process yields 1 GTP, one FAD-dependent oxidation, and one NAD+-depen ...
... metabolized into succinyl CoA. In this pathway, propionyl-CoA is converted to methylmalonylCoA, a process driven in part by ATP hydrolysis. Succinyl-CoA is a citric acid cycle intermediate that is metabolized to oxaloacetate. This process yields 1 GTP, one FAD-dependent oxidation, and one NAD+-depen ...
Science and the Environment
... Conversion by bacteria of Click here tocompounds reveal the definition! ...
... Conversion by bacteria of Click here tocompounds reveal the definition! ...
Measurement System of Photosynthetic Photon Flux Distribution and
... crops. However, some LED lamps which were provided to growers were made by small-sized manufacturers. These small-sized manufacturers do not obtain the certificate of LED lamps, so the performances of the lamps such as lifetime, illumination efficiency, and peak spectral output including photosynthe ...
... crops. However, some LED lamps which were provided to growers were made by small-sized manufacturers. These small-sized manufacturers do not obtain the certificate of LED lamps, so the performances of the lamps such as lifetime, illumination efficiency, and peak spectral output including photosynthe ...
CURCUMA NEILGHERRENSIS Research Article N. YASODAMMA*, D. CHAITHRA, C. ALEKHYA
... Objectives: Curcuma species are the important Indian spice ingredients of food items and in traditional uses very much important component on all auspicious occasions. Due to its high utilization since ages Curcuma longa has been domesticated very much in India and also earning high income through e ...
... Objectives: Curcuma species are the important Indian spice ingredients of food items and in traditional uses very much important component on all auspicious occasions. Due to its high utilization since ages Curcuma longa has been domesticated very much in India and also earning high income through e ...
Biochemistry
... Bis is of two parts; Bi =ثنائي, while s = “separated” (i.e. on different locations) Glycerald. 3-P converts into 2,3 bis PG or 2,3 BPG or 1,3 DPG and is present in most cells at low concentrations, but in the RBCs (erythrocytes) it is at high concentration (4 mM) which is equal to hemoglobin. I ...
... Bis is of two parts; Bi =ثنائي, while s = “separated” (i.e. on different locations) Glycerald. 3-P converts into 2,3 bis PG or 2,3 BPG or 1,3 DPG and is present in most cells at low concentrations, but in the RBCs (erythrocytes) it is at high concentration (4 mM) which is equal to hemoglobin. I ...
Plant Biochemistry
... the principles of metabolism but also have restricted the content in such a way that a student is not distracted by unnecessary details. In view of the importance of plant biotechnology, industrial applications of plant biochemistry have been pointed out wherever appropriate. Thus, special attention ...
... the principles of metabolism but also have restricted the content in such a way that a student is not distracted by unnecessary details. In view of the importance of plant biotechnology, industrial applications of plant biochemistry have been pointed out wherever appropriate. Thus, special attention ...
Lesson 22 - extracting copper questions
... Balance the symbol equation for the reaction. Cu2S + ........O2 → .........CuO + SO2 ...
... Balance the symbol equation for the reaction. Cu2S + ........O2 → .........CuO + SO2 ...
Metabolism, Lectures 25-27 Quadrant – 2 - vtu-nptel
... a) It is formed by attaching a phosphate group to ADP with a high-energy bond. b) In most reactions involving ATP, only the outer, high-energy bond is hydrolized. c) It is a good long-term energy storage molecule. d) When dephosphorylated, ATP becomes ADP. 3. The most primitive form of metabolism is ...
... a) It is formed by attaching a phosphate group to ADP with a high-energy bond. b) In most reactions involving ATP, only the outer, high-energy bond is hydrolized. c) It is a good long-term energy storage molecule. d) When dephosphorylated, ATP becomes ADP. 3. The most primitive form of metabolism is ...
Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms
... of toxic ion uptake, ion compartmentation and/or exclusion, osmotic regulation, CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antioxidant defences [11–14]. Most salinity adaptive mechanisms in plants are ...
... of toxic ion uptake, ion compartmentation and/or exclusion, osmotic regulation, CO2 assimilation, photosynthetic electron transport, chlorophyll content and fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antioxidant defences [11–14]. Most salinity adaptive mechanisms in plants are ...
Chapter 9 Notes
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
video slide - Course
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Pyruvate and Acetate Metabolism in the Photosynthetic Bacterium
... when DL-malate or DL-lactate was the carbon source, and 1.0 when acetate was the carbon source. Samples (2050 ml) of culture were centrifuged at lOOOOg for 10 min, at 4 "C; the cells were resuspended in 10-20 ml20 mMTris/HCl, pH 7.8, centrifuged again as above, and resuspended in 1-2 ml20 mM-Tris/HC ...
... when DL-malate or DL-lactate was the carbon source, and 1.0 when acetate was the carbon source. Samples (2050 ml) of culture were centrifuged at lOOOOg for 10 min, at 4 "C; the cells were resuspended in 10-20 ml20 mMTris/HCl, pH 7.8, centrifuged again as above, and resuspended in 1-2 ml20 mM-Tris/HC ...
Metabolism IV
... Ring is no longer netpositive Ring is still planar but the two hydrogens on the para carbon are not ...
... Ring is no longer netpositive Ring is still planar but the two hydrogens on the para carbon are not ...
Changes of Carbohydrates in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L
... Abscission of pepper flowers is enhanced under conditions of low light and high temperature. Our study shows that pepper flowers accumulate assimilates, particularly in the ovary, during the day time, and accumulate starch, which is then metabolized in the subsequent dark period. With the exception ...
... Abscission of pepper flowers is enhanced under conditions of low light and high temperature. Our study shows that pepper flowers accumulate assimilates, particularly in the ovary, during the day time, and accumulate starch, which is then metabolized in the subsequent dark period. With the exception ...
Oxidation
... acetoacetate; • Are formed principally in liver mitochondria. • Can be used as a fuel in most tissues and organs. • Formation occurs when the amount of acetyl CoA produced is excessive compared to the amount of oxaloacetate available to react with it and take it into the TCA; for example: • Dietary ...
... acetoacetate; • Are formed principally in liver mitochondria. • Can be used as a fuel in most tissues and organs. • Formation occurs when the amount of acetyl CoA produced is excessive compared to the amount of oxaloacetate available to react with it and take it into the TCA; for example: • Dietary ...
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
... the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic species with the ones shown in the diagram. Solve: The diagram shows twice as many cations as anions, consistent with the formulation K 2SO4. Aqueous Check: Notice that the total net charge in the diagram is zero, as it must be if it ...
... the ions that each contains. We then correlate these charged ionic species with the ones shown in the diagram. Solve: The diagram shows twice as many cations as anions, consistent with the formulation K 2SO4. Aqueous Check: Notice that the total net charge in the diagram is zero, as it must be if it ...
Impact of carbon sources on growth and oxalate - The Keep
... succinate), only malate and succinate clearly stimulated glucose-‐dependent growth of all four S. sclerotiorum isolates (Table 1). The growth of isolates D-‐E7 and W-‐B10 was also stimulated by pyruvate. Othe ...
... succinate), only malate and succinate clearly stimulated glucose-‐dependent growth of all four S. sclerotiorum isolates (Table 1). The growth of isolates D-‐E7 and W-‐B10 was also stimulated by pyruvate. Othe ...
Photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.