Introduction
... part of the vascular system of a plant that conducts sap (containing any sugars), manufactured by photosynthesis, around the plant ...
... part of the vascular system of a plant that conducts sap (containing any sugars), manufactured by photosynthesis, around the plant ...
Growth physiology and fate of diatoms in the ocean: a review
... induces a decrease in the capacity of solute influx or efflux on a volume basis, due to a thicker diffusion boundary layer and a smaller area of membrane lipid and number of transporters allowing solute fluxes (Raven and Kübler, 2002). Moreover, the increase in cell size decreases the effectiveness ...
... induces a decrease in the capacity of solute influx or efflux on a volume basis, due to a thicker diffusion boundary layer and a smaller area of membrane lipid and number of transporters allowing solute fluxes (Raven and Kübler, 2002). Moreover, the increase in cell size decreases the effectiveness ...
University of Groningen Fructosyltransferases of Lactobacillus
... Figure 3. Sucrose (A) consists of an α-Ddisaccharide composed of two α-Dglucopyranosyl unit linked 1→2 to a β-Dglucopyranosyl units linked via an α(1→1) fructofuranoside. Raffinose (B) is a non-reducing trisaccharide of α-D-galactopyranose linked 1→6 bond. It can be found in yeasts and the to the gl ...
... Figure 3. Sucrose (A) consists of an α-Ddisaccharide composed of two α-Dglucopyranosyl unit linked 1→2 to a β-Dglucopyranosyl units linked via an α(1→1) fructofuranoside. Raffinose (B) is a non-reducing trisaccharide of α-D-galactopyranose linked 1→6 bond. It can be found in yeasts and the to the gl ...
ANTIOXIDANTS: SCIENCE BEHIND THE introduction Table of
... need to first know what oxidation really means. The conventional approach to oxidation (and redox in general) is to analyze reactions in terms of electron transfer. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons or electron density, and the reverse, reduction, is the gain of electrons or increase in ...
... need to first know what oxidation really means. The conventional approach to oxidation (and redox in general) is to analyze reactions in terms of electron transfer. Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons or electron density, and the reverse, reduction, is the gain of electrons or increase in ...
Proton-motive force
... force Pi and ADP back together to make ATP • ADP3- + HPO42- + H+ → ATP4- + H2O • This energy is provided by conformationally changing enzymes driven by –subunit rotor which is in turn powered by H+ returning to the matrix ...
... force Pi and ADP back together to make ATP • ADP3- + HPO42- + H+ → ATP4- + H2O • This energy is provided by conformationally changing enzymes driven by –subunit rotor which is in turn powered by H+ returning to the matrix ...
15. Macroalgae - Coral Reef Algae Lab
... macroalgae and high cover of algal turfs and crustose calcareous algae (CCA) compared to inshore reefs. Some fleshy macroalgae, such as the green fleshy macroalgae Caulerpa, Chlorodesmis, Halimeda, and the reds Laurencia, Galaxaura and Liagora are common in offshore reefs but in low abundance. Crust ...
... macroalgae and high cover of algal turfs and crustose calcareous algae (CCA) compared to inshore reefs. Some fleshy macroalgae, such as the green fleshy macroalgae Caulerpa, Chlorodesmis, Halimeda, and the reds Laurencia, Galaxaura and Liagora are common in offshore reefs but in low abundance. Crust ...
Metabolism of lipids
... • The FAs are built by sequential addition of two-carbon units derived from acetyl CoA. The activated donor of the two-carbon units in the elongation step is malonyl-ACP (a three-carbon unit) but during the elongation, CO2 is released. This drives the reaction • The reducing agent is NADPH. • Elonga ...
... • The FAs are built by sequential addition of two-carbon units derived from acetyl CoA. The activated donor of the two-carbon units in the elongation step is malonyl-ACP (a three-carbon unit) but during the elongation, CO2 is released. This drives the reaction • The reducing agent is NADPH. • Elonga ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP still is starting point for ALL cellular respiration ...
... transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP still is starting point for ALL cellular respiration ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP still is starting point for ALL cellular respiration ...
... transfer energy from organic molecules to ATP still is starting point for ALL cellular respiration ...
- SmartPrep.in
... We believe that class-10 education is a key aspect of school education and a turning point in student’s life. The present tenth class Science textbook in your hands is developed in accordance with the National and State Curriculum Framework and the Right to Education Act. This book helps the student ...
... We believe that class-10 education is a key aspect of school education and a turning point in student’s life. The present tenth class Science textbook in your hands is developed in accordance with the National and State Curriculum Framework and the Right to Education Act. This book helps the student ...
biology syllabus
... limits, including blood pH, carbon dioxide concentration, blood glucose concentration, body temperature and water balance. ...
... limits, including blood pH, carbon dioxide concentration, blood glucose concentration, body temperature and water balance. ...
Lesson Overview - Mater Academy of International Studies
... Diffusion of oxygen from alveoli into capillaries is a passive process that stops when oxygen concentration in the blood and alveoli is the same. Hemoglobin actively binds to dissolved oxygen, removing it from plasma and enabling diffusion from the alveoli to continue. Hemoglobin binds with so much ...
... Diffusion of oxygen from alveoli into capillaries is a passive process that stops when oxygen concentration in the blood and alveoli is the same. Hemoglobin actively binds to dissolved oxygen, removing it from plasma and enabling diffusion from the alveoli to continue. Hemoglobin binds with so much ...
Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
... conducting airways. These passages are not involved in gas exchange and are said to contain dead space. Breathing through a long tube would increase the amount of dead space, beyond the capacity for inhalation. The new air being pulled into the tube would never reach the alveoli and the alveolar air ...
... conducting airways. These passages are not involved in gas exchange and are said to contain dead space. Breathing through a long tube would increase the amount of dead space, beyond the capacity for inhalation. The new air being pulled into the tube would never reach the alveoli and the alveolar air ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e
... have a special protein located within their inner membranes. Thermogenin is a protein that functions as a passive proton transporter. Propose a likely explanation for the role of brown fat in thermogenesis based on your knowledge of metabolism, transport, and the structure and function of mitochondr ...
... have a special protein located within their inner membranes. Thermogenin is a protein that functions as a passive proton transporter. Propose a likely explanation for the role of brown fat in thermogenesis based on your knowledge of metabolism, transport, and the structure and function of mitochondr ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the formation of two ATP molecules anaerobic ...
... molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the formation of two ATP molecules anaerobic ...
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 7 – Answers 1. An autotroph is
... have a special protein located within their inner membranes. Thermogenin is a protein that functions as a passive proton transporter. Propose a likely explanation for the role of brown fat in thermogenesis based on your knowledge of metabolism, transport, and the structure and function of mitochondr ...
... have a special protein located within their inner membranes. Thermogenin is a protein that functions as a passive proton transporter. Propose a likely explanation for the role of brown fat in thermogenesis based on your knowledge of metabolism, transport, and the structure and function of mitochondr ...
Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
... conducting airways. These passages are not involved in gas exchange and are said to contain dead space. Breathing through a long tube would increase the amount of dead space, beyond the capacity for inhalation. The new air being pulled into the tube would never reach the alveoli and the alveolar air ...
... conducting airways. These passages are not involved in gas exchange and are said to contain dead space. Breathing through a long tube would increase the amount of dead space, beyond the capacity for inhalation. The new air being pulled into the tube would never reach the alveoli and the alveolar air ...
1 Introduction of Marine Algae Extracts - Wiley-VCH
... uptake), enhance yield and the quality of crops, improve tolerance to environmental stress, and possess antioxidant properties [24]. Biostimulants are natural substances that promote growth, uptake of nutrients, and tolerance to abiotic stress and different climatic conditions [25]. Seaweed extracts ...
... uptake), enhance yield and the quality of crops, improve tolerance to environmental stress, and possess antioxidant properties [24]. Biostimulants are natural substances that promote growth, uptake of nutrients, and tolerance to abiotic stress and different climatic conditions [25]. Seaweed extracts ...
Superoxide and Singlet Oxygen Produced within
... photoinhibition in higher plants. Many studies have confirmed the occurrence of PSI photoinhibition, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been clarified. For example, the production site of ROS that induce PSI photoinhibition has not been identified. Furthermore, it is difficult to ...
... photoinhibition in higher plants. Many studies have confirmed the occurrence of PSI photoinhibition, although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been clarified. For example, the production site of ROS that induce PSI photoinhibition has not been identified. Furthermore, it is difficult to ...
Autocatalytic sets in E. coli metabolism
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
Autocatalytic sets in E. coli metabolism
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
... A CRS may not contain any RAF, but when it does it always contains a unique maximal RAF (maxRAF), and this maxRAF is the one the RAF algorithm finds. Moreover, it has been shown that a maxRAF can often be decomposed into several smaller subsets which themselves are RAF sets (subRAFs) [28]. If such a ...
Human Anatomy and Physiology Preparatory Course
... on their function, (for example muscle cells use a lot of energy and therefore have many mitochondria while skin cells do not and have few mitochondria). As in other multicellular organisms, cells in the human body are organized into tissues. A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together t ...
... on their function, (for example muscle cells use a lot of energy and therefore have many mitochondria while skin cells do not and have few mitochondria). As in other multicellular organisms, cells in the human body are organized into tissues. A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together t ...
Mole-Volume Conversion Assignment
... Yesterday’s calculations we found out that when we use 50mL of 5% acetic acid solutions, we require 3.5g of sodium bicarbonate to completely react. Trial 1: use 1.0g of NaHCO3 and 50mL CH3COOH: extra vinegar left over: NaHCO3 all used Trial 2: use 2.0g of NaHCO3 and 50mL CH3COOH: extra vinegar left ...
... Yesterday’s calculations we found out that when we use 50mL of 5% acetic acid solutions, we require 3.5g of sodium bicarbonate to completely react. Trial 1: use 1.0g of NaHCO3 and 50mL CH3COOH: extra vinegar left over: NaHCO3 all used Trial 2: use 2.0g of NaHCO3 and 50mL CH3COOH: extra vinegar left ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms' activities. This chemical energy is stored in carbohydrate molecules, such as sugars, which are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water – hence the name photosynthesis, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, ""light"", and σύνθεσις, synthesis, ""putting together"". In most cases, oxygen is also released as a waste product. Most plants, most algae, and cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis; such organisms are called photoautotrophs. Photosynthesis maintains atmospheric oxygen levels and supplies all of the organic compounds and most of the energy necessary for life on Earth.Although photosynthesis is performed differently by different species, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called reaction centres that contain green chlorophyll pigments. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, which are most abundant in leaf cells, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. In these light-dependent reactions, some energy is used to strip electrons from suitable substances, such as water, producing oxygen gas. Furthermore, two further compounds are generated: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the ""energy currency"" of cells.In plants, algae and cyanobacteria, sugars are produced by a subsequent sequence of light-independent reactions called the Calvin cycle, but some bacteria use different mechanisms, such as the reverse Krebs cycle. In the Calvin cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated into already existing organic carbon compounds, such as ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). Using the ATP and NADPH produced by the light-dependent reactions, the resulting compounds are then reduced and removed to form further carbohydrates, such as glucose.The first photosynthetic organisms probably evolved early in the evolutionary history of life and most likely used reducing agents, such as hydrogen or hydrogen sulfide, as sources of electrons, rather than water. Cyanobacteria appeared later; the excess oxygen they produced contributed to the oxygen catastrophe, which rendered the evolution of complex life possible. Today, the average rate of energy capture by photosynthesis globally is approximately 130 terawatts, which is about three times the current power consumption of human civilization.Photosynthetic organisms also convert around 100–115 thousand million metric tonnes of carbon into biomass per year.