carbon - Palmer ISD
... • Carbon can also link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements: chains, branched chains and rings • It can also form double and triple bonds as well as single bonds ...
... • Carbon can also link together with other carbon atoms in many different arrangements: chains, branched chains and rings • It can also form double and triple bonds as well as single bonds ...
How to Assign Oxidation Numbers
... • The oxidation state is zero for any element in its free state. • The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is the electric charge on the ion. All group IA elements form ions with a single positive charge, group IIA elements form 2+ ions and the halogens form –1 ions. • Fluorine always has an oxidatio ...
... • The oxidation state is zero for any element in its free state. • The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is the electric charge on the ion. All group IA elements form ions with a single positive charge, group IIA elements form 2+ ions and the halogens form –1 ions. • Fluorine always has an oxidatio ...
Microbes and Health - Bio-Rad
... experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent ...
... experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent ...
Amylase v1
... • Given organisms from three domains with diverse lifestyles and study sequence differences and their effect on enzyme’s structure and function. • Are the structures of amylase different across organisms? • Relate the identity and percentage similarities in sequences based on clustering in the phylo ...
... • Given organisms from three domains with diverse lifestyles and study sequence differences and their effect on enzyme’s structure and function. • Are the structures of amylase different across organisms? • Relate the identity and percentage similarities in sequences based on clustering in the phylo ...
Intro to Metabolism
... a. Here’s an example of regulation in the glycolytic pathway. b. The rate-limiting step is regulated by a variety of factors, this allows more options for pathway rate. c. ATP inhibits because if you have plenty of energy, you don’t need to produce more. d. Thus, ADP and AMP stimulate this pathway f ...
... a. Here’s an example of regulation in the glycolytic pathway. b. The rate-limiting step is regulated by a variety of factors, this allows more options for pathway rate. c. ATP inhibits because if you have plenty of energy, you don’t need to produce more. d. Thus, ADP and AMP stimulate this pathway f ...
Core Worksheet – Option E - Cambridge Resources for the IB Diploma
... Suspended solids, dissolved organic compounds and phosphates are all removed in the tertiary stage of water treatment. Name one other type of substance that is removed at this stage. ...
... Suspended solids, dissolved organic compounds and phosphates are all removed in the tertiary stage of water treatment. Name one other type of substance that is removed at this stage. ...
File
... mitochondria and chloroplasts by the boxes (see figure)? a) The darker compartment will often be more positively charged and more acidic. b) The flow of electrons between items in the membrane results in protons being pumped from the darker to the lighter compartments. c) The lighter compartment is ...
... mitochondria and chloroplasts by the boxes (see figure)? a) The darker compartment will often be more positively charged and more acidic. b) The flow of electrons between items in the membrane results in protons being pumped from the darker to the lighter compartments. c) The lighter compartment is ...
Metabolism
... 1. The respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer chains should be able to establish a proton gradient 2. The ATP synthases should use the proton-motive force to drive the phosphorylation of ADP 3. Energy-transducing membranes should be “impermeable” to protons. If proton conductance is establ ...
... 1. The respiratory and photosynthetic electron transfer chains should be able to establish a proton gradient 2. The ATP synthases should use the proton-motive force to drive the phosphorylation of ADP 3. Energy-transducing membranes should be “impermeable” to protons. If proton conductance is establ ...
UNIT 2: Ecology and Human Impact 2A: ECOLOGY The Big Picture
... 4. The sun is the ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems. As a result, organisms exhibit different strategies to obtain this energy (directly or indirectly). 5. A food web consists of interconnected food chains. 6. An organism’s role in the ecosystem is its niche. A species is a group of orga ...
... 4. The sun is the ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems. As a result, organisms exhibit different strategies to obtain this energy (directly or indirectly). 5. A food web consists of interconnected food chains. 6. An organism’s role in the ecosystem is its niche. A species is a group of orga ...
Cellular Respiration Notes (Overhead Version)
... The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. It LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. ATP is produced by the Electron Transport Chain when NADH and FADH2 RELEASES Hydrogen Atoms, REGENERATING NAD+ and ...
... The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. It LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. ATP is produced by the Electron Transport Chain when NADH and FADH2 RELEASES Hydrogen Atoms, REGENERATING NAD+ and ...
Biogeochemical Cycles
... SO2 and water vapor makes H2SO4 ( a weak sulfuric acid), which is then carried to Earth in rainfall. Sulfur in soluble form is taken up by plant roots and incorporated into amino acids such as cysteine. It then travels through the food chain and is eventually released through decomposition. ...
... SO2 and water vapor makes H2SO4 ( a weak sulfuric acid), which is then carried to Earth in rainfall. Sulfur in soluble form is taken up by plant roots and incorporated into amino acids such as cysteine. It then travels through the food chain and is eventually released through decomposition. ...
1. CHAPTER 14 INTRO
... manufacture organic compounds, such as glucose, from simple inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, using an abiotic energy source, such as sunlight. Through their energy transforming actions, they make chemical energy available as organic compounds for their own use and, directly or indirect ...
... manufacture organic compounds, such as glucose, from simple inorganic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, using an abiotic energy source, such as sunlight. Through their energy transforming actions, they make chemical energy available as organic compounds for their own use and, directly or indirect ...
Cellular Respiration Webquest
... This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
... This first diagram shows the two “processes” that occur during anaerobic respiration. The first is glycolysis. What is produced at the end of glycolysis? ...
Chapter 14: BENTHIC COMMUNITIES
... plankton as their primary food source. In rocky intertidal zones, another reason for the success of organisms is the large number of habitats and niches available occupation (see Figure 14.8). The habitats of intertidal animals and plants vary from hot, high, salty splash pools to cool, dark crevice ...
... plankton as their primary food source. In rocky intertidal zones, another reason for the success of organisms is the large number of habitats and niches available occupation (see Figure 14.8). The habitats of intertidal animals and plants vary from hot, high, salty splash pools to cool, dark crevice ...
Lecture 06 Ecosystem Productivity and Nutrient Cycling
... Nitrogen fixation Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by a pair of bacterial enzymes N2 ...
... Nitrogen fixation Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) occurs when atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia by a pair of bacterial enzymes N2 ...
Harvesting Energy
... into the intermembrane space, forming a concentration gradient of protons across the membrane. The protons flow down their concentration gradient through the enzyme ATP synthase, which is a membrane protein. ATP synthase uses the energy released by the proton flow to produce ATP. From this process, ...
... into the intermembrane space, forming a concentration gradient of protons across the membrane. The protons flow down their concentration gradient through the enzyme ATP synthase, which is a membrane protein. ATP synthase uses the energy released by the proton flow to produce ATP. From this process, ...
coupling membrane
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
Sustainability of Ecosystems
... • All organisms rely on the sun for energy. • Energy makes it possible for organisms to perform growth, reproduction, nutrition, transport of materials, react to the environment, metabolize materials, assimilate and synthesize materials • Energy is what enables our bodies to perform the chemical rea ...
... • All organisms rely on the sun for energy. • Energy makes it possible for organisms to perform growth, reproduction, nutrition, transport of materials, react to the environment, metabolize materials, assimilate and synthesize materials • Energy is what enables our bodies to perform the chemical rea ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Acetyl-coenzyme A is oxidized to CO 2
... known as the Q cycle. UQ-cytochrome c reductase (UQ-cyt c reductase), as this complex is known, involves three different cytochromes and an Fe-S protein. In the cytochromes of these and similar complexes, the iron atom at the center of the porphyrin ring cycles between the reduced Fe2+ (ferrous) and ...
... known as the Q cycle. UQ-cytochrome c reductase (UQ-cyt c reductase), as this complex is known, involves three different cytochromes and an Fe-S protein. In the cytochromes of these and similar complexes, the iron atom at the center of the porphyrin ring cycles between the reduced Fe2+ (ferrous) and ...
WHAT IS PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
... (RuBP) which is a 5-carbon sugar using electron energy of ATP molecules and and indirectly NADPH2 photons of light energy, generating unstable 6-carbon molecule that breaks through and NADPH2 ATP, binding and phosphorylates phosphates to form two molecules of 3-carbon gliceratos triphosphate and a p ...
... (RuBP) which is a 5-carbon sugar using electron energy of ATP molecules and and indirectly NADPH2 photons of light energy, generating unstable 6-carbon molecule that breaks through and NADPH2 ATP, binding and phosphorylates phosphates to form two molecules of 3-carbon gliceratos triphosphate and a p ...
Do Now - Schoolwires
... • 90% of all energy is not transferred to the level above (energy is consumed at current level) • Bio mass and # of organisms decrease at each level ...
... • 90% of all energy is not transferred to the level above (energy is consumed at current level) • Bio mass and # of organisms decrease at each level ...
Kingdom Bacteria - Effingham County Schools
... reproduction where one organism divides into two organisms ...
... reproduction where one organism divides into two organisms ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)