`Metabolic flux` describes the rate of flow of intermediates through a
... Decarboxylation does not happen without catalysis ...
... Decarboxylation does not happen without catalysis ...
Water - University of California, Los Angeles
... Decarboxylation does not happen without catalysis ...
... Decarboxylation does not happen without catalysis ...
Cellular Respiration
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... source of energy, which is defined as the capacity to do “work.” 2. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. 3. The ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on Earth is the sun; plants and certain other organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy by the process of ...
... source of energy, which is defined as the capacity to do “work.” 2. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. 3. The ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on Earth is the sun; plants and certain other organisms convert solar energy into chemical energy by the process of ...
Cell Respiration Cellular Respiration Aerobic Respiration Aerobic
... • Fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA • Large amounts of ATP produced per fatty acid ...
... • Fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA • Large amounts of ATP produced per fatty acid ...
CHAPTER 5 Energy and Life.
... When ATP is broken down by cell enzymes: ATP -> ADP + P + Energy for the cell. ADP - Adensine Diphosphate P - Phosphorus The ATP molecule is composed of : One Sugar; One Adenine group and 3 Phosphate groups. ...
... When ATP is broken down by cell enzymes: ATP -> ADP + P + Energy for the cell. ADP - Adensine Diphosphate P - Phosphorus The ATP molecule is composed of : One Sugar; One Adenine group and 3 Phosphate groups. ...
PowerPoint
... • 3 CO2, 1 GTP, 4 NADH and 1 FADH2 produced for each pyruvate molecule. • Total: 6CO2, 2 GTP, 8 NADH, 2FADH2 ...
... • 3 CO2, 1 GTP, 4 NADH and 1 FADH2 produced for each pyruvate molecule. • Total: 6CO2, 2 GTP, 8 NADH, 2FADH2 ...
Oxidation of Glucose
... 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (α-ketoglutanate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (malate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of(isocitrate dehydrogenase) *Total energy yield in aerobic phase oxidation(kreb's) : (12ATP)+(3ATP)from oxidative decarboxylation =(15ATP) ...
... 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (α-ketoglutanate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of (malate dehydrogenase) 3ATPs from oxidation of NADH of(isocitrate dehydrogenase) *Total energy yield in aerobic phase oxidation(kreb's) : (12ATP)+(3ATP)from oxidative decarboxylation =(15ATP) ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... 1. Maintaining organization and conducting life-sustaining processes requires an outside source of energy, which is defined as the capacity to do “work.” 2. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. 3. The ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on Earth is the sun; plants ...
... 1. Maintaining organization and conducting life-sustaining processes requires an outside source of energy, which is defined as the capacity to do “work.” 2. Metabolism is all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. 3. The ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on Earth is the sun; plants ...
CP Final Exam Study Guide 2015KEY
... 3. What is the purpose of cellular respiration? To produce ATP for use by the cell. 4. Where does cellular respiration occur? The mitochondria 5. What is aerobic respiration? (include the advantages and disadvantages) Cellular respiration is an aerobic process – it requires oxygen. It can produce a ...
... 3. What is the purpose of cellular respiration? To produce ATP for use by the cell. 4. Where does cellular respiration occur? The mitochondria 5. What is aerobic respiration? (include the advantages and disadvantages) Cellular respiration is an aerobic process – it requires oxygen. It can produce a ...
Lecture 6 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... photosynthesis and respiration. Which of these statments is true about the way these two processes are related? A. The products of photosynthesis inhibit respiration. B. The products of photosythesis are also the products of respiration. C. The reactants of photosynthesis are also the reactant ...
... photosynthesis and respiration. Which of these statments is true about the way these two processes are related? A. The products of photosynthesis inhibit respiration. B. The products of photosythesis are also the products of respiration. C. The reactants of photosynthesis are also the reactant ...
Unit 2 Background Questions
... By what process do organisms use energy? Differentiate between food chains and food webs. Define trophic level. What happens to the amount of energy as it is transferred between trophic levels? 8. How does loss of energy affect an ecosystem? The Cycling of Materials (Section 2) 1. For the three nutr ...
... By what process do organisms use energy? Differentiate between food chains and food webs. Define trophic level. What happens to the amount of energy as it is transferred between trophic levels? 8. How does loss of energy affect an ecosystem? The Cycling of Materials (Section 2) 1. For the three nutr ...
Lesson One
... organisms in the relationship. An example of this would be the relationship between the algae and fungus of lichens. The fungi penetrate the roots of the plants and make soil nitrogen available to the plant, receiving carbohydrates in return. This allows them to live in an environment in which neith ...
... organisms in the relationship. An example of this would be the relationship between the algae and fungus of lichens. The fungi penetrate the roots of the plants and make soil nitrogen available to the plant, receiving carbohydrates in return. This allows them to live in an environment in which neith ...
Bio101 Topic 1-2
... environment). This is because there are always likely to be some individuals who are more suited to the changes than others, and these individuals will survive and reproduce themselves. Offspring are genetically unique from: • Favorable when the environment is not stable. • Slower rate of reproducti ...
... environment). This is because there are always likely to be some individuals who are more suited to the changes than others, and these individuals will survive and reproduce themselves. Offspring are genetically unique from: • Favorable when the environment is not stable. • Slower rate of reproducti ...
NME2.26 - Introduction to Metabolic Pathways
... Energy is stored in the body mainly as fats and glycogen Fat is the major energy store of the body making up more than 7kg total body weight o Mainly stored in adipocytes as triglycerides o High calorific content – 5 times more energy efficient than carbohydrates o Water-insoluble – does not require ...
... Energy is stored in the body mainly as fats and glycogen Fat is the major energy store of the body making up more than 7kg total body weight o Mainly stored in adipocytes as triglycerides o High calorific content – 5 times more energy efficient than carbohydrates o Water-insoluble – does not require ...
C6H12O6 + 6 O2* 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
... 1 Glucose (2 pyruvates) goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles ...
... 1 Glucose (2 pyruvates) goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles ...
CHAP NUM="9" ID="CH
... Figure 9.10 Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the junction between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate is a charged molecule, so in eukaryotic cells it must enter the mitochondrion via active transport, with the help of a transport protein. Next, a complex of several enzymes (the py ...
... Figure 9.10 Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, the junction between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Pyruvate is a charged molecule, so in eukaryotic cells it must enter the mitochondrion via active transport, with the help of a transport protein. Next, a complex of several enzymes (the py ...
Answers to study guide
... metabolism- the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism glycolysis- the breakdown of sugar into pyruvate – takes place in the cytoplasm Krebs cycle(citric acid cycle)- finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and releasing more ATP and also NADH and FADH2 A ...
... metabolism- the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism glycolysis- the breakdown of sugar into pyruvate – takes place in the cytoplasm Krebs cycle(citric acid cycle)- finishes the breakdown of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and releasing more ATP and also NADH and FADH2 A ...
Biochemistry Midterm Review
... oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon. Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds wit ...
... oxygen. These four elements constitute about 95% of your body weight. All compounds can be classified in two broad categories --- organic and inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon. Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds wit ...
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
... Ch 7-2 Aerobic Respiration Soooo when there is oxygen in the cell’s environment, pyruvic acid undergoes aerobic respiration, releasing almost 20x more ATP than glycolysis. ...
... Ch 7-2 Aerobic Respiration Soooo when there is oxygen in the cell’s environment, pyruvic acid undergoes aerobic respiration, releasing almost 20x more ATP than glycolysis. ...
Reading Guide
... needed? How is this reaction, with a very positive standard free energy, driven to completion? 15. Provide an overview accounting of how a glucose molecule can be oxidized to produce 32 ATP under aerobic conditions. 16. Which three enzymes are regulated in the citric acid cycle? 17. Citric acid cycl ...
... needed? How is this reaction, with a very positive standard free energy, driven to completion? 15. Provide an overview accounting of how a glucose molecule can be oxidized to produce 32 ATP under aerobic conditions. 16. Which three enzymes are regulated in the citric acid cycle? 17. Citric acid cycl ...
Chapter 3 Ecosystems What Are They and How Do They Work
... 1. And essential component of many proteins, sulfur cycles in the ecosystem (Fig. 3.32). 2. Much is stored underground in rocks and minerals, including sulfate (SO4-2) salts. 3. Volcanoes release hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gases. 4. Anaerobic bacteria release H2S 5. SO4-2 enter ...
... 1. And essential component of many proteins, sulfur cycles in the ecosystem (Fig. 3.32). 2. Much is stored underground in rocks and minerals, including sulfate (SO4-2) salts. 3. Volcanoes release hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) gases. 4. Anaerobic bacteria release H2S 5. SO4-2 enter ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)