Pathways that Harvest Chemical Energy (Cellular Respiration)
... (ethanol: in yeast/to make beer or wine, lactate: bacteria/to make yogurt or cheese, muscle cells/intensive exercise) anaerobic respiration: final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule (not O2) by methanogens: methanogens use CO2 that is reduced to CH4 (methane) by sulfur bacteria: inorganic su ...
... (ethanol: in yeast/to make beer or wine, lactate: bacteria/to make yogurt or cheese, muscle cells/intensive exercise) anaerobic respiration: final electron acceptor is an inorganic molecule (not O2) by methanogens: methanogens use CO2 that is reduced to CH4 (methane) by sulfur bacteria: inorganic su ...
Name: ______ Date: Period: ATP, Photosynthesis and Cellular
... 29. What is the definition of Cellular Respiration?(in purple) 30. What happens during cellular respiration? 31. What’s the equation for Cellular Respiration? Stages of Cellular respiration. http://www.essortment.com/understanding-cellular-respiration26483.html 31. What are the three steps of Cellul ...
... 29. What is the definition of Cellular Respiration?(in purple) 30. What happens during cellular respiration? 31. What’s the equation for Cellular Respiration? Stages of Cellular respiration. http://www.essortment.com/understanding-cellular-respiration26483.html 31. What are the three steps of Cellul ...
General Biology 101
... Introduction: Antarctica – Life here consists of bacteria, lichens and mosses clinging to exposed rock in an inhospitable environment that is very cold. Larger animals such as penguins and seals live there but hunt offshore. The focus in the introduction is about the tenacity of life and the interde ...
... Introduction: Antarctica – Life here consists of bacteria, lichens and mosses clinging to exposed rock in an inhospitable environment that is very cold. Larger animals such as penguins and seals live there but hunt offshore. The focus in the introduction is about the tenacity of life and the interde ...
Ecology Introduction File
... Nitrogen cycleOnly in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. ...
... Nitrogen cycleOnly in certain bacteria and industrial technologies can fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation-convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonium (NH4+) which can be used to make organic compounds like amino acids. ...
2.3 Carbon Compounds
... group, an R group, and a carboxyl group. An amino group has the formula –NH2, a carboxyl group is –COOH, and the R group varies from one amino acid to another. Two amino acids are joined in a chemical reaction that links them by a peptide bond. Follow the directions. Then answer the questions. ...
... group, an R group, and a carboxyl group. An amino group has the formula –NH2, a carboxyl group is –COOH, and the R group varies from one amino acid to another. Two amino acids are joined in a chemical reaction that links them by a peptide bond. Follow the directions. Then answer the questions. ...
electron transport chain
... molecules across membranes. It can be used to produce ATP and NADH, high-energy molecules that are necessary for growth. A small amount of ATP is available from substrate-level phosphorylation (for example, in glycolysis). Some organisms can obtain ATP exclusively by fermentation. In most organisms, ...
... molecules across membranes. It can be used to produce ATP and NADH, high-energy molecules that are necessary for growth. A small amount of ATP is available from substrate-level phosphorylation (for example, in glycolysis). Some organisms can obtain ATP exclusively by fermentation. In most organisms, ...
Lecture Power Point
... •It is a chemical reaction between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane. •These H+ ions are used to produce ATP, as they move back across the membrane. ...
... •It is a chemical reaction between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer of H+ ions across a membrane. •These H+ ions are used to produce ATP, as they move back across the membrane. ...
Fact Sheet - Advanced Equine Solutions
... (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP). In addition, the cycl ...
... (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate(ATP). In addition, the cycl ...
Review Problems #2 (Enzyme Review, Phosphatases
... We will definitely not get through all of these, but it is useful to have them in one place. 1) Outline the chemical intermediates in the degradation of the following amino acids: Asn, Asp. What cofactor(s) play a role in this process? What other end product may be formed from Asp. What cycle does t ...
... We will definitely not get through all of these, but it is useful to have them in one place. 1) Outline the chemical intermediates in the degradation of the following amino acids: Asn, Asp. What cofactor(s) play a role in this process? What other end product may be formed from Asp. What cycle does t ...
Document
... B. Primary Production and Eutrophication • Excessive addition of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems causes eutrophication – Excess nutrients cause algal bloom – As algae die, decomposers use up oxygen decaying them – This limits oxygen available to fish at deeper levels ...
... B. Primary Production and Eutrophication • Excessive addition of nutrients like phosphorus and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems causes eutrophication – Excess nutrients cause algal bloom – As algae die, decomposers use up oxygen decaying them – This limits oxygen available to fish at deeper levels ...
Cellular Respiration: - Multiple Choice Questions Answer all
... NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. ...
... NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. ...
Ch 3: Ecosystems – What Are They and How Do They Work?
... 3-4 What Happens to Energy in an Ecosystem? • Concept 3-4A Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs. • Concept 3-4B As energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs, the amount of chemical energy available to organisms at each succeeding ...
... 3-4 What Happens to Energy in an Ecosystem? • Concept 3-4A Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs. • Concept 3-4B As energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs, the amount of chemical energy available to organisms at each succeeding ...
Community_Ecology - Svetz-wiki
... next is called a food chain • A food chain is simplified • Only one organism at each level are ...
... next is called a food chain • A food chain is simplified • Only one organism at each level are ...
Respiration
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
... • RESPIRATION a process where organic (food) molecules are oxidized & broken down to release E • Glycolysis is the 1o source of e- for the citric acid and etransport chain ...
The Biosphere
... Network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationship among the various organisms in an ecosystem. ...
... Network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationship among the various organisms in an ecosystem. ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... Anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen. Less energy is released per glucose molecule than in aerobic respiration because glucose is only partially broken down. ...
... Anaerobic respiration takes place without oxygen. Less energy is released per glucose molecule than in aerobic respiration because glucose is only partially broken down. ...
Overview of Energy and Metabolism
... proteins, and Nucleic Acids), are our only source of energy for doing the biological work of cells. All molecules (nutrient molecules included) have stored (potential) energy in the bonds between their atoms. The energy the runs most biological Systems on earth comes from solar energy Plants trap so ...
... proteins, and Nucleic Acids), are our only source of energy for doing the biological work of cells. All molecules (nutrient molecules included) have stored (potential) energy in the bonds between their atoms. The energy the runs most biological Systems on earth comes from solar energy Plants trap so ...
Slide 1 - colecompositescience
... animallike protists and how they move. • Make certain you both know the four categories and can recall them from memory. ...
... animallike protists and how they move. • Make certain you both know the four categories and can recall them from memory. ...
Cellular Respiration
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
... If oxygen is present, the pyruvate enters the mitochondrial matrix to complete the Krebs Cycle Pyruvate (3-C) is converted to Acetyl CoA (2-C) ...
corrected version for study guide
... electron transport chain- the chain where the electrons carriers NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to other carriers with the ultimate goal of producing ATP metabolism- the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism glycolysis- the breakdown of sugar into pyruvate – takes place i ...
... electron transport chain- the chain where the electrons carriers NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to other carriers with the ultimate goal of producing ATP metabolism- the sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in an organism glycolysis- the breakdown of sugar into pyruvate – takes place i ...
Ch 102 – Problem Set 8 Due: Thursday, June 2
... mentioned in class. The enzyme has a tetramer structure. A crystal structure was obtained that captured four unique iron-oxygen species in each tetramer. The catalytic cycle for the Fe-catalyzed oxidation of a catechol substrate in the enzyme is shown below: ...
... mentioned in class. The enzyme has a tetramer structure. A crystal structure was obtained that captured four unique iron-oxygen species in each tetramer. The catalytic cycle for the Fe-catalyzed oxidation of a catechol substrate in the enzyme is shown below: ...
Cellular respiration
... from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, two processes can occur, aerobic or anaerobic respiration. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the ...
... from the pyruvate molecules created from glycolysis. Once acetyl-CoA is formed, two processes can occur, aerobic or anaerobic respiration. When oxygen is present, the mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the ...
Name: Student Number
... 2. Using structural formulae and compound names, write out the equations of the two reactions catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase using either CO2 or O2 as substrates. Given the KM = 350 µM for O2 and the KM = 9 µM for CO2, which reaction will be operating at closer to its Vmax when [O2] ...
... 2. Using structural formulae and compound names, write out the equations of the two reactions catalyzed by ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase using either CO2 or O2 as substrates. Given the KM = 350 µM for O2 and the KM = 9 µM for CO2, which reaction will be operating at closer to its Vmax when [O2] ...
File
... A Biome is a geographical region of the planet that contains distinctive communities of plants and animals Examples of 5 major types of Biomes are Forests, Deserts, Grassland, Tundra, Freshwater and Marine Flora is the name given to the characteristic types of plants found in the biome Fauna ...
... A Biome is a geographical region of the planet that contains distinctive communities of plants and animals Examples of 5 major types of Biomes are Forests, Deserts, Grassland, Tundra, Freshwater and Marine Flora is the name given to the characteristic types of plants found in the biome Fauna ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)