Metabolism: the chemical reactions of a cell
... Oxidation state of carbon in methane (CH4): Not charged, so numbers add up to 0. So if all the H = 4 x 1 = +4, then C must be -4. For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4. Observe the origin of the term “reduced”: If carbon dioxide is ‘reduced” to methane (carbon accepts electrons), ...
... Oxidation state of carbon in methane (CH4): Not charged, so numbers add up to 0. So if all the H = 4 x 1 = +4, then C must be -4. For CO2, 2 x -2 = -4; no net charge, then C must be = +4. Observe the origin of the term “reduced”: If carbon dioxide is ‘reduced” to methane (carbon accepts electrons), ...
Name
... 2. define the terms population, community, and ecosystem. 3. list examples of populations, communities, and ecosystems. 4. define the term biosphere. 5. explain the difference between abiotic and biotic factors. 7. list some reasons for competition between organisms. 8. list several abiotic factors ...
... 2. define the terms population, community, and ecosystem. 3. list examples of populations, communities, and ecosystems. 4. define the term biosphere. 5. explain the difference between abiotic and biotic factors. 7. list some reasons for competition between organisms. 8. list several abiotic factors ...
Assignment 6 Cell Respiration
... primarily glucose molecules, but also other nutrient molecules, like amino acids or lipids and to transfer this energy into the molecule called Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP). The processes involved are Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) (also called the electron tran ...
... primarily glucose molecules, but also other nutrient molecules, like amino acids or lipids and to transfer this energy into the molecule called Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP). The processes involved are Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) (also called the electron tran ...
Respiration
... Syllabus : The importance of respiration in converting chemical energy in food to chemical energy in ATP. The sites of respiration – the sites of the various biochemical pathways of respiration; the structure of mitochondrion as shown in electron micrographs. (refer to topic ‘The cell --- organelles ...
... Syllabus : The importance of respiration in converting chemical energy in food to chemical energy in ATP. The sites of respiration – the sites of the various biochemical pathways of respiration; the structure of mitochondrion as shown in electron micrographs. (refer to topic ‘The cell --- organelles ...
Cellular Respiration
... while oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate and reducing NAD+ to NADH. Significantly less ATP is generated, but it is enough to keep your muscles contracting for a short while when the need for ATP outpaces the delivery of O2 via the blood stream Many microorganisms supply all their ene ...
... while oxidizing glucose to two molecules of pyruvate and reducing NAD+ to NADH. Significantly less ATP is generated, but it is enough to keep your muscles contracting for a short while when the need for ATP outpaces the delivery of O2 via the blood stream Many microorganisms supply all their ene ...
5.19.06 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Reading
... oxidized via the citric acid cycle to CO2 and H2O [NADH acts as a high energy compound] • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate must be converted to a reduced end product in order to reoxidize the NADH produced by the GAPDH reaction • alcoholic fermentation: in yeast, pyruvate is converted to ethanol ...
... oxidized via the citric acid cycle to CO2 and H2O [NADH acts as a high energy compound] • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate must be converted to a reduced end product in order to reoxidize the NADH produced by the GAPDH reaction • alcoholic fermentation: in yeast, pyruvate is converted to ethanol ...
56 kb - Mahopac Central School District
... f. the beneficial variations may be passed on generation after generation g. the shorter the natural lifespan of an organism, the faster it reproduces, and the faster the effects of natural selections can be seen 1) think of antibiotic resistant bacteria, for example 4. In summary: a. in any populat ...
... f. the beneficial variations may be passed on generation after generation g. the shorter the natural lifespan of an organism, the faster it reproduces, and the faster the effects of natural selections can be seen 1) think of antibiotic resistant bacteria, for example 4. In summary: a. in any populat ...
Ecology - Pearland ISD
... contaminated air, water, or food. • As bigger animals eat smaller animals, the level of contamination in the food is added to the level of contamination already in their ...
... contaminated air, water, or food. • As bigger animals eat smaller animals, the level of contamination in the food is added to the level of contamination already in their ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) ...
... mitochondria will undergo aerobic respiration which leads to the Krebs cycle. However, if oxygen is not present, fermentation of the pyruvate molecule will occur. In the presence of oxygen, when acetyl-CoA is produced, the molecule then enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) ...
Contents - Garland Science
... Nitrogen fixation: some plants obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere via a symbiotic association with bacteria ...
... Nitrogen fixation: some plants obtain nitrogen from the atmosphere via a symbiotic association with bacteria ...
organic reading ws
... Read the yellow handout and answer the questions below. Organic Compounds and ...
... Read the yellow handout and answer the questions below. Organic Compounds and ...
Cells and Energy
... Animals eat other organisms for food, but food is not a direct source of energy for cells. Instead, all organisms break down molecules from food to produce ATP. Because it occurs in the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration is known as aerobic respiration. ...
... Animals eat other organisms for food, but food is not a direct source of energy for cells. Instead, all organisms break down molecules from food to produce ATP. Because it occurs in the presence of oxygen, cellular respiration is known as aerobic respiration. ...
The Chemistry of Life
... • Carbohydrates – C, H, and O – Monomer is a monosaccharide • glucose, fructose, galactose – Sugars vs. Starches • Complex – long C chains • Simple – short C chains ...
... • Carbohydrates – C, H, and O – Monomer is a monosaccharide • glucose, fructose, galactose – Sugars vs. Starches • Complex – long C chains • Simple – short C chains ...
Plankton - MATES-Biology-I
... The meroplankton often ________________________________, to the extent that some were once thought to be separate species. Meroplanktonic larvae promote survival of the species: ____________________ carry the offspring to new areas, especially important for sessile (immobile) benthic animals. Thus ...
... The meroplankton often ________________________________, to the extent that some were once thought to be separate species. Meroplanktonic larvae promote survival of the species: ____________________ carry the offspring to new areas, especially important for sessile (immobile) benthic animals. Thus ...
Biology ECO - Canyon ISD
... receives from its environment, such as touch , light, and gravity. One system cannot survive without interacting and depending on other systems in the plant. Each system is composed of smaller systems; for example, the transport system is composed of xylem and phloem found in the leaves, stems a ...
... receives from its environment, such as touch , light, and gravity. One system cannot survive without interacting and depending on other systems in the plant. Each system is composed of smaller systems; for example, the transport system is composed of xylem and phloem found in the leaves, stems a ...
Introduction to Ecology
... organisms and the living and nonliving components of the environment. Each organism on Earth depends in some way on other living and nonliving things in the environment. Ecology involves collecting information about organisms and their environments, looking for patterns, and seeking to explain these ...
... organisms and the living and nonliving components of the environment. Each organism on Earth depends in some way on other living and nonliving things in the environment. Ecology involves collecting information about organisms and their environments, looking for patterns, and seeking to explain these ...
RG 6 - Digestion and Respiration
... Chapter 6 QUESTIONS – Overview of Cell Respiration 1. Explain how adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to provide energy for the cell. 2. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration? 3. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and hydrogen towar ...
... Chapter 6 QUESTIONS – Overview of Cell Respiration 1. Explain how adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used to provide energy for the cell. 2. What is the overall equation for cellular respiration? 3. What happens to the amount of potential energy of electrons as they shift from carbon and hydrogen towar ...
Why Fermentation
... the absence of oxygen Glycolysis and fermentation together only produces 2 ATP. This is not efficient!! ...
... the absence of oxygen Glycolysis and fermentation together only produces 2 ATP. This is not efficient!! ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration
... cycle is stored in the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 2 ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle ...
... cycle is stored in the electron carriers NADH and FADH2 2 ATP are produced during the Krebs cycle ...
Ecology - Part 2
... • Plants and animals can’t use atmospheric nitrogen – it has to be converted! • Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria drive the nitrogen cycle – Nitrogen nitrates ...
... • Plants and animals can’t use atmospheric nitrogen – it has to be converted! • Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria drive the nitrogen cycle – Nitrogen nitrates ...
Electron transport chain
... • In fermentation, the electrons of NADH are passed to an organic molecule, regenerating NAD+. • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle ...
... • In fermentation, the electrons of NADH are passed to an organic molecule, regenerating NAD+. • In respiration, the electrons of NADH are ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)