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Kingdom Bacteria (Eubacteria) Bacteria are more helpful than harmful! Kingdom Bacteria bacteria – a large group of microscopic onecelled organisms that sometimes cause disease Reproduction of Bacteria Binary Fission – a type of asexual reproduction where one organism divides into two organisms How?... -The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itself -Then it divides into two bacteria Reproduction of Bacteria BINARY FISSION Bacteria dividing Completed Bacterial Cell & Nucleiod DNA Ring DNA replication Cell wall synthesis Cell separation How Are They Classified? • Bacteria are classified based on how they obtain energy (get food): 1) Consumers (heterotrophs) - get their energy from other organisms (parasite or decomposer) -parasites – organisms that feed on living things -decomposers - get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals **(Bacteria are the #1 decomposer) 2) Producers (autotrophs)- bacteria that make their own food through photosynthesis Shapes of Bacteria • Scientists often classify bacteria by their shape: – Spiral-shaped- (Spirilla) occur in single strands – Rod-Shaped – (Bacilli) may occur singly or in chains – Round-shaped – (Cocci) may occur singly or in pairs, chains, or clusters How Do They Get Energy? • Producers and Consumers (Parasite or Decomposer) • Bacteria use osmosis and diffusion in order to take in water & nutrients so they can grow and divide, as well as make the materials needed to survive. • Osmosis – the movement of water through a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration • Diffusion – the tendency of a substance to move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Where Are They Found? • Bacteria are found everywhere – they can be beneficial or harmful Good for the Environment • Life as we know it could not exist without bacteria!! • Nitrogen-fixing bacteria consume nitrogen and change it into a form that plants can use. • Nature’s recyclers- decomposers (Dead material/Waste would never decompose) • Bioremediation-bacteria is used to clean up oil spills Good for People • Scientists can genetically engineer bacteria for many purposes, including the production of medicines, insecticides, cleaners, adhesives, foods, etc. • Bacteria are used to make antibiotics to fight other bacteria. • Insulin- Bacteria is used to help to make insulin • Digestion-inside your gut Feeding Time • Every time you eat cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, or sour cream, you also eat a lot of lactic-acid bacteria • The lactic acid acts as a preservative and adds flavor to the food Harmful Bacteria • Pathogenic bacteria cause diseases • Pathogenic bacteria invade a host organism and obtain nutrients from the host’s cells (parasite) • Bacterial Diseases: tooth decay, ulcers, strep throat, food poisoning, Lyme disease, Bubonic plague Scientists believe that Archea and Bacteria are the oldest forms of life on earth!!!! • BrainPOP | Bacteria
