CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Fermentation is the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to make ATP. ...
... Fermentation is the breakdown of pyruvic acid in the absence of oxygen (anaerobic) to make ATP. ...
Xe + Y → X + Ye - Sonoma Valley High School
... 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in free __________ than the preceding member of the chain, but higher in _______________. The molecule at ...
... 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in free __________ than the preceding member of the chain, but higher in _______________. The molecule at ...
Ch. 7.4: Cellular Respiration
... •Energy from ETC used to PUMP H+ (fr. NADH) across membrane AGAINST GRADIENT. H+ ions then move down gradient thru. channel proteins called ATP synthase. ATP synthase: enzyme that catazlyzes ADP + P --> ATP ...
... •Energy from ETC used to PUMP H+ (fr. NADH) across membrane AGAINST GRADIENT. H+ ions then move down gradient thru. channel proteins called ATP synthase. ATP synthase: enzyme that catazlyzes ADP + P --> ATP ...
File
... electrons from carbon fuels 1. The cycle itself neither generates ATP nor includes O2 as a reactant 1. Instead, it removes electrons from acetyl CoA & uses them to form NADH & FADH2 (high-energy electron carriers) 1. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from reoxidation of NADH & FADH2 flow throu ...
... electrons from carbon fuels 1. The cycle itself neither generates ATP nor includes O2 as a reactant 1. Instead, it removes electrons from acetyl CoA & uses them to form NADH & FADH2 (high-energy electron carriers) 1. In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons from reoxidation of NADH & FADH2 flow throu ...
Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration
... great advantages of the step-by-step oxidation of glucose into CO2 and H2O is that several of the intermediate compounds formed in the process link glucose metabolism to the metabolism of other food molecules. For example, when fats are used as fuel, the glycerol portion of the molecule is converted ...
... great advantages of the step-by-step oxidation of glucose into CO2 and H2O is that several of the intermediate compounds formed in the process link glucose metabolism to the metabolism of other food molecules. For example, when fats are used as fuel, the glycerol portion of the molecule is converted ...
Riveting Respiration
... fats, but we will focus on GLUCOSE Activation energy prevents these high energy goods from breaking down spontaneously – so we will need ENZYMES to make respiration happen Glucose is broken down in a series of steps. Each step has its own enzyme ...
... fats, but we will focus on GLUCOSE Activation energy prevents these high energy goods from breaking down spontaneously – so we will need ENZYMES to make respiration happen Glucose is broken down in a series of steps. Each step has its own enzyme ...
Species Relationships ppt Worksheet
... • If the parasite kills the _________ then it may die too, so it does not usually do this. • Examples: ________________ and hookworms that live inside of an animal (the host) and get nutrients from them. • This interaction is also called parasite – host. Video Link Predation • An interaction where o ...
... • If the parasite kills the _________ then it may die too, so it does not usually do this. • Examples: ________________ and hookworms that live inside of an animal (the host) and get nutrients from them. • This interaction is also called parasite – host. Video Link Predation • An interaction where o ...
Chapter 27 Bioenergetics: How the Body Converts Food to Energy
... 27.71 All the sources of energy used for ATP synthesis are not completely known at this time. Most of the energy comes from proton translocation. Some energy for proton pumping comes also from breaking the covalent bond of oxygen (reduction of oxygen to water). 27.72 (a) There are two decarboxylatio ...
... 27.71 All the sources of energy used for ATP synthesis are not completely known at this time. Most of the energy comes from proton translocation. Some energy for proton pumping comes also from breaking the covalent bond of oxygen (reduction of oxygen to water). 27.72 (a) There are two decarboxylatio ...
Document
... Inorganic Compounds: substances that do not contain both carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) Ex. H2O and CO2 A. Organic Compounds C binds with other elements (H, O, N, P) to form monomers Monomer: a single compound with certain characteristics Polymer: long chains of monomers Synthesizing and Digestin ...
... Inorganic Compounds: substances that do not contain both carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) Ex. H2O and CO2 A. Organic Compounds C binds with other elements (H, O, N, P) to form monomers Monomer: a single compound with certain characteristics Polymer: long chains of monomers Synthesizing and Digestin ...
ANSWERS Biology Interim Study Guide
... recycle it. However, energy flows in one direction. 13. List the two ways in which water enters the atmosphere. Evaporation and transpiration 14. Water falls back down to earth’s surface as precipitation 15. What organism performs Nitrification and Denitrification in the Nitrogen cycle? Bacteria 16. ...
... recycle it. However, energy flows in one direction. 13. List the two ways in which water enters the atmosphere. Evaporation and transpiration 14. Water falls back down to earth’s surface as precipitation 15. What organism performs Nitrification and Denitrification in the Nitrogen cycle? Bacteria 16. ...
Sulfur
... →Sulfidic soils or geological materials when drained or exposed lead to acid mine drainage (extreme acidity from oxidation of sulfur or sulfides) o Sulfides in these potential acid minerals are stable in the absence of oxygen o S0 and S2- oxidize when drained or excavated. o pH as low as low as 1.5 ...
... →Sulfidic soils or geological materials when drained or exposed lead to acid mine drainage (extreme acidity from oxidation of sulfur or sulfides) o Sulfides in these potential acid minerals are stable in the absence of oxygen o S0 and S2- oxidize when drained or excavated. o pH as low as low as 1.5 ...
9-5 fermentation reading KEY
... a. Biochemistry – in alcoholic fermentation, two steps turn pyruvate into a waste molecule (ethanol). In lactic acid fermentation, one step turns pyruvate into a waste molecule (lactic acid). In both cases, the sole purpose of wasting pyruvate like this is because in the process NADH is converted in ...
... a. Biochemistry – in alcoholic fermentation, two steps turn pyruvate into a waste molecule (ethanol). In lactic acid fermentation, one step turns pyruvate into a waste molecule (lactic acid). In both cases, the sole purpose of wasting pyruvate like this is because in the process NADH is converted in ...
Cell Respiration
... during the initial five phases of glycolysis? A. Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by passive transport and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon ...
... during the initial five phases of glycolysis? A. Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by passive transport and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon ...
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... Value of Krebs cycle? If the yield is only 2 ATP then how was the Krebs cycle an adaptation? ...
... Value of Krebs cycle? If the yield is only 2 ATP then how was the Krebs cycle an adaptation? ...
Carbon compounds class web14
... each of the 4 macromolecules. Put the name of the macromolecule in the first column, the monomers it is composed of in the second, and the function in the cell in the third. ...
... each of the 4 macromolecules. Put the name of the macromolecule in the first column, the monomers it is composed of in the second, and the function in the cell in the third. ...
Anaerobic and Aerobic Glycolysis
... energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. In an anaerobic environment, lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvat ...
... energy is required in the absence of oxygen. It is vital for tissues with high energy requirements, insufficient oxygen supply or absence of oxidative enzymes. Glycolysis produces reduced forms of NAD in the energy generation phase. In an anaerobic environment, lactate dehydrogenase converts pyruvat ...
Review Problems week 11 plus any problems left over from last week
... 9) Inhibition of a key enzyme activity by the end product of a biosynthetic pathway is known as what? 10) Why is it useful to have multiple isozymes of enzymes that comprise common pathways to multiple amino acids? 11) Partial inhibition of a key enzyme activity by multiple compounds derived from an ...
... 9) Inhibition of a key enzyme activity by the end product of a biosynthetic pathway is known as what? 10) Why is it useful to have multiple isozymes of enzymes that comprise common pathways to multiple amino acids? 11) Partial inhibition of a key enzyme activity by multiple compounds derived from an ...
Cellular Respirationx
... several smaller biochemical pathways: glycolysis fermentation aerobic respiration Glycolysis evolved very early in the Earth’s history. There was no free oxygen in the atmosphere, so the first organisms (bacteria) all used glycolysis to produce ATP. It took more than one billion years for bacter ...
... several smaller biochemical pathways: glycolysis fermentation aerobic respiration Glycolysis evolved very early in the Earth’s history. There was no free oxygen in the atmosphere, so the first organisms (bacteria) all used glycolysis to produce ATP. It took more than one billion years for bacter ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... • Pyruvate (actually acetate) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 • Some ATP is produced • More NADH is made • NADH goes on to make more ATP in electron transport and oxidative ...
... • Pyruvate (actually acetate) from glycolysis is degraded to CO2 • Some ATP is produced • More NADH is made • NADH goes on to make more ATP in electron transport and oxidative ...
ch_12 - WordPress.com
... amination, in which it reacts with α-ketoglutaric acid to from glutamic acid (amino acid). Then by transfer of amino group form one amino acid (glutamic acid) to the keto group of a keto acid, other amino acids are produced and this process is called as transamination catalysed by an enzyme transa ...
... amination, in which it reacts with α-ketoglutaric acid to from glutamic acid (amino acid). Then by transfer of amino group form one amino acid (glutamic acid) to the keto group of a keto acid, other amino acids are produced and this process is called as transamination catalysed by an enzyme transa ...
Presentation Package - faculty.coe.unt.edu
... amounts of ATP anaerobically and are the major energy contributors in the early minutes of highintensity exercise. • The oxidative system uses oxygen and produces more energy than the anaerobic systems. • Carbohydrate oxidation involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain t ...
... amounts of ATP anaerobically and are the major energy contributors in the early minutes of highintensity exercise. • The oxidative system uses oxygen and produces more energy than the anaerobic systems. • Carbohydrate oxidation involves glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain t ...
Chapter 9 powerpoint and animations
... 2 NADH (glycolysis) → 6ATP 2 NADH (acetyl CoA) →6ATP 6 NADH (Kreb’s) → 18 ATP 2 FADH2 (Kreb’s) → 4 ATP 38 TOTAL ATP from 1 molecule of glucose (-2 ATP to transport 2 pyruvate into mitochondria) NET of 36 ATP ...
... 2 NADH (glycolysis) → 6ATP 2 NADH (acetyl CoA) →6ATP 6 NADH (Kreb’s) → 18 ATP 2 FADH2 (Kreb’s) → 4 ATP 38 TOTAL ATP from 1 molecule of glucose (-2 ATP to transport 2 pyruvate into mitochondria) NET of 36 ATP ...
Lecture 11 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... Resonance stabiliza@on of orthophosphate ...
... Resonance stabiliza@on of orthophosphate ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)