Lecture 24
... – Differ only by a phosphate group at the 2’OH. NADH participates in utilizing the free energy of metabolite oxidation to synthesize ATP NADPH utilizes the free energy of metaboite oxidation for biosynthesis Difference is possible because the dehydrogenase enzymes involved in oxidative and reductive ...
... – Differ only by a phosphate group at the 2’OH. NADH participates in utilizing the free energy of metabolite oxidation to synthesize ATP NADPH utilizes the free energy of metaboite oxidation for biosynthesis Difference is possible because the dehydrogenase enzymes involved in oxidative and reductive ...
Lactobacillus sanfrancisco a key sourdough lactic acid bacterium: a
... maltose alone, the main variations which occur in co-fermentation are: an increase in the cell yield correlated with the additional amount of ATP generated by the metabolism of fructose, increases in production of lactic acid and especially of acetic acid, synthesis of mannitol and a decrease in eth ...
... maltose alone, the main variations which occur in co-fermentation are: an increase in the cell yield correlated with the additional amount of ATP generated by the metabolism of fructose, increases in production of lactic acid and especially of acetic acid, synthesis of mannitol and a decrease in eth ...
Pupmed Linked Abstracts
... dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Probucol has been reported to completely prevent DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible effect of probucol pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of DOX and its role in cardioprotection as well as the possible contribution ...
... dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Probucol has been reported to completely prevent DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. The aim of the present study was to determine the possible effect of probucol pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of DOX and its role in cardioprotection as well as the possible contribution ...
Citric acid cycle
... 2CO2 + 3(NADH + H+) + FADH2 + ATP + CoASH 2CO2 leaving are different from those entering 4 pairs of H atoms leave the cycle ...
... 2CO2 + 3(NADH + H+) + FADH2 + ATP + CoASH 2CO2 leaving are different from those entering 4 pairs of H atoms leave the cycle ...
The intertwined metabolism of Medicago truncatula and its nitrogen
... tially lethal mutations less reliable. We further refined the model by integrating tissue specific information to ...
... tially lethal mutations less reliable. We further refined the model by integrating tissue specific information to ...
LIPID MOBILIZATION
... – Facilitate targeted transport of FA to specific metabolic pathways – Serve as a pool for solubilized FA – Protect enzymes against detergent effects of FA ...
... – Facilitate targeted transport of FA to specific metabolic pathways – Serve as a pool for solubilized FA – Protect enzymes against detergent effects of FA ...
Carbon conversion efficiency and central - Shachar
... reveal a range of possible routes for metabolism, the proportions of fatty acids that developing embryos actually synthesize from malate or hexose phosphates and the respective proportions of reductant generated from malate or via the OPPP in vivo remain undetermined. To better understand fatty acid ...
... reveal a range of possible routes for metabolism, the proportions of fatty acids that developing embryos actually synthesize from malate or hexose phosphates and the respective proportions of reductant generated from malate or via the OPPP in vivo remain undetermined. To better understand fatty acid ...
The Metabolic Network of Synechocystis sp. PCC
... in a particular flux distribution that achieves a maximal growth yield, given predefined external conditions and exchange fluxes. We note that, owing to redundancy and flexibility within the network, the optimal solution is usually not unique. Once the constraint-optimization problem is specified, F ...
... in a particular flux distribution that achieves a maximal growth yield, given predefined external conditions and exchange fluxes. We note that, owing to redundancy and flexibility within the network, the optimal solution is usually not unique. Once the constraint-optimization problem is specified, F ...
Stoichiometry worksheet KEY
... c) How many grams of H2O are produced when 52.0 g of C2H2 burn? 36.0 g H2O d) How many grams of O2 are required to completely burn 52.0 g of C2H2? 160 g O2 e) Use the answers from questions b, c, and d above to show that this equation obeys the law of conservation of mass. Mass of reactants = mass o ...
... c) How many grams of H2O are produced when 52.0 g of C2H2 burn? 36.0 g H2O d) How many grams of O2 are required to completely burn 52.0 g of C2H2? 160 g O2 e) Use the answers from questions b, c, and d above to show that this equation obeys the law of conservation of mass. Mass of reactants = mass o ...
Microbiology
... respiration, while the use of alternative electron acceptors like nitrate, nitrite, sulphate etc. is called anaerobic respiration. Many facultatively anaerobic bacteria use oxygen if it is available but can switch to anaerobic respiration (e.g. nitrate respiration) or fermentative metabolism in abse ...
... respiration, while the use of alternative electron acceptors like nitrate, nitrite, sulphate etc. is called anaerobic respiration. Many facultatively anaerobic bacteria use oxygen if it is available but can switch to anaerobic respiration (e.g. nitrate respiration) or fermentative metabolism in abse ...
Autotrophic CO2 fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle in
... from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and that use inorganic carbon as the source for cell carbon – are likely to have been among the first types of organisms on Earth (e.g. Huber and Wächtershäuser, 1997; Russell and Hall, 1997). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and whole genomes place a ...
... from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and that use inorganic carbon as the source for cell carbon – are likely to have been among the first types of organisms on Earth (e.g. Huber and Wächtershäuser, 1997; Russell and Hall, 1997). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and whole genomes place a ...
as a PDF
... shown that DCT1 catalyzes cotransport of divalent metal ions and protons, so iron is taken up as iron(II) (16). This had suggested the participation of a reductase in the absorption process. Indeed, it had been known for a number of years that ferric reductase activity is associated with the intesti ...
... shown that DCT1 catalyzes cotransport of divalent metal ions and protons, so iron is taken up as iron(II) (16). This had suggested the participation of a reductase in the absorption process. Indeed, it had been known for a number of years that ferric reductase activity is associated with the intesti ...
Glycolysis - Oregon State University
... G3P’s isomerized to final makephase D-H-A-P From F6P to G6P, that is the Oh, glucose, glucose come to be The enzyme catalyzing it is an isomerase Glucose, glucose iscome to be Ohdrops gluconeogenesis Then G6P phosphate and aanabolic glucosebliss it becomes Reversing seven of glycolysis (slow) Inside ...
... G3P’s isomerized to final makephase D-H-A-P From F6P to G6P, that is the Oh, glucose, glucose come to be The enzyme catalyzing it is an isomerase Glucose, glucose iscome to be Ohdrops gluconeogenesis Then G6P phosphate and aanabolic glucosebliss it becomes Reversing seven of glycolysis (slow) Inside ...
Redox cycling”
... Elias Arnér, MD PhD Division of Biochemistry Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics ...
... Elias Arnér, MD PhD Division of Biochemistry Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics ...
File - cpprashanths Chemistry
... 2. Question nos. 1 to 8 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each. 3. Question nos. 9 to 18 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each. 4. Question nos. 19 to 27 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each 5. Question nos. 28 to 30 are long answer questions and carry 5 ...
... 2. Question nos. 1 to 8 are very short answer questions and carry 1 mark each. 3. Question nos. 9 to 18 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each. 4. Question nos. 19 to 27 are also short answer questions and carry 3 marks each 5. Question nos. 28 to 30 are long answer questions and carry 5 ...
TCA cycle cross products (also known as “nothing is simple” My
... enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acet ...
... enzymes that allow the cycle to run in reverse: ATP citrate lyase, 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, and fumarate reductase. 2-oxoglutarate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase catalyzes the carboxylation of succinyl-CoA to 2-oxoglutarate, ATP citrate lyase the ATP-dependent cleavage of citrate to acet ...
Chapter 18 Homework Assignment Chapter 18 Amino Acid
... protein synthesis. • For humans, 10 of the 20 natural amino acids are “essential”,, and must be obtained from the diet • Excess amino acids cannot be stored, but can be oxidized for energy – carnivores derive up to 90% of their energy needs from amino acid oxidation (for people it’s 10-15%) ...
... protein synthesis. • For humans, 10 of the 20 natural amino acids are “essential”,, and must be obtained from the diet • Excess amino acids cannot be stored, but can be oxidized for energy – carnivores derive up to 90% of their energy needs from amino acid oxidation (for people it’s 10-15%) ...
Biochemistry of Specialized Tissues( liver)
... subsequently acetate while oxidizing biosynthetic reducing power, NADPH, to NADP+. Because it uses oxygen, this pathway generates free radicals that damage tissues. Moreover, because the system consumes NADPH, the antioxidant glutathione cannot be regenerated exacerbating the oxidative stress. ...
... subsequently acetate while oxidizing biosynthetic reducing power, NADPH, to NADP+. Because it uses oxygen, this pathway generates free radicals that damage tissues. Moreover, because the system consumes NADPH, the antioxidant glutathione cannot be regenerated exacerbating the oxidative stress. ...
9/11/01
... 2. figure out on which ‘side’ of the equation each compound belongs 3. make sure it obeys the law of conservation of matter (balance it). ...
... 2. figure out on which ‘side’ of the equation each compound belongs 3. make sure it obeys the law of conservation of matter (balance it). ...
Enzymes - Coleg y Cymoedd Moodle
... 21. What type of bonds would you expect to find in greater numbers holding the tertiary structure of heat resistant enzymes, compared with more heat sensitive enzymes? 22. Suggest why the normal body temp of mammals is slightly below the optimum temp of most of the enzymes that occur in the organism ...
... 21. What type of bonds would you expect to find in greater numbers holding the tertiary structure of heat resistant enzymes, compared with more heat sensitive enzymes? 22. Suggest why the normal body temp of mammals is slightly below the optimum temp of most of the enzymes that occur in the organism ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)