Elements Found in Living Things
... 23. Amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of ________ in a process called ____________. 24. Chains of amino acids make _______________ which can join together to make a __________. 25. __________ bonds form when water is removed to hold _________ acids together. Lip ...
... 23. Amino acids are linked together to make proteins by removing a molecule of ________ in a process called ____________. 24. Chains of amino acids make _______________ which can join together to make a __________. 25. __________ bonds form when water is removed to hold _________ acids together. Lip ...
Nutrition - Athens Academy
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
... B. Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, and amino acids. C. Maltose is a complex carbohydrate. D. Sucrose is the primary source of energy for most cells. E. Most carbohydrates come from animal products. ...
Name - wvhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... 11) Reaction 9: Fumarate encounters water, forming malate. 12) Reaction 10: Malate encounters NAD+ and forms another NADH. This process also reforms oxaloacetate. 13) Summary: One turn of the Krebs cycle produces: ...
... 11) Reaction 9: Fumarate encounters water, forming malate. 12) Reaction 10: Malate encounters NAD+ and forms another NADH. This process also reforms oxaloacetate. 13) Summary: One turn of the Krebs cycle produces: ...
0604 Role of mitochondria in the control of fatty acid oxidation
... peak at about 40- 60% of VO2max after which it is reduced. The mechanism for the crossover from FA to CHO at high exercise intensities is not fully understood. One hypothesis is that increased glycolytic flux may limit the carnitine-mediated transport of FA into mitochondrial matrix through inhibiti ...
... peak at about 40- 60% of VO2max after which it is reduced. The mechanism for the crossover from FA to CHO at high exercise intensities is not fully understood. One hypothesis is that increased glycolytic flux may limit the carnitine-mediated transport of FA into mitochondrial matrix through inhibiti ...
energy - Wsfcs
... 2 molecules of ATP are used to start glycolysis and only 4 molecules of ATP are produced (therefore, there is a net gain of 2 ATP in the process) also makes 4 NADH molecules After glycolysis, there are 2 pathways for producing ATP; either fermentation, which also occurs in the cytoplasm of the ...
... 2 molecules of ATP are used to start glycolysis and only 4 molecules of ATP are produced (therefore, there is a net gain of 2 ATP in the process) also makes 4 NADH molecules After glycolysis, there are 2 pathways for producing ATP; either fermentation, which also occurs in the cytoplasm of the ...
LEVELS of ORGANIZATION
... VOCABULARY A- Nonliving factors in an organisms environment. ABIOTIC FACTOR B- The relationship between two or more organism that live closely together and benefit from each other. MUTUALISM C- Large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities. BIOME D- S ...
... VOCABULARY A- Nonliving factors in an organisms environment. ABIOTIC FACTOR B- The relationship between two or more organism that live closely together and benefit from each other. MUTUALISM C- Large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities. BIOME D- S ...
BOOK NOTES ch9_sec3
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
... • Proteins and nucleic acids can also be used to make ATP, but they are usually used for building important cell parts. ...
21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle
... electron transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, w ...
... electron transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, w ...
21.8 The Citric Acid Cycle
... transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, which resu ...
... transport– ATP synthesis reactions. • In these and other oxygen-consuming redox reactions, the product may not be water, but one or more of three highly reactive species. • The superoxide ion, ·O2- , and the hydroxyl free radical, ·OH, can grab an electron from a bond in another molecule, which resu ...
2005 MCB 3020 Study Objectives, Part 2
... that the electrons are transferred to NAD+ making NADH (an intermediate electron carrier); that ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation; the net number of ATPs produced (2); that pyruvate is the product of glycolysis; and that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. • Understand fermentation. ...
... that the electrons are transferred to NAD+ making NADH (an intermediate electron carrier); that ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation; the net number of ATPs produced (2); that pyruvate is the product of glycolysis; and that glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. • Understand fermentation. ...
CHAPTER 6
... The hydrogen electrode (pH 0) is set at 0 volts. Negative value of Eo tends to donate electrons to H electrode Positive value of Eo tends to accept electrons from H electrode Figure 20.2 Experimental apparatus used to measure the standard reduction potential of the indicated redox couples: (a) the a ...
... The hydrogen electrode (pH 0) is set at 0 volts. Negative value of Eo tends to donate electrons to H electrode Positive value of Eo tends to accept electrons from H electrode Figure 20.2 Experimental apparatus used to measure the standard reduction potential of the indicated redox couples: (a) the a ...
Metabolism Summary
... • Pyruvate oxidized to acetyl CoA can enter the citric acid cycle where it will be further oxidized to two molecules of CO2, producing one molecule of GTP and the reduced forms of three molecules of NAD+ (NADH) and one molecule of FAD (FADH2) which can then enter the electron transport chain to prod ...
... • Pyruvate oxidized to acetyl CoA can enter the citric acid cycle where it will be further oxidized to two molecules of CO2, producing one molecule of GTP and the reduced forms of three molecules of NAD+ (NADH) and one molecule of FAD (FADH2) which can then enter the electron transport chain to prod ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
... Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
Chapter 1
... be placed into the plant kingdom Ernst Haeckel (1866)- proposed kingdom Protista to include bacteria, protozoa, algae and fungi; Fungi were placed into their own kingdom in 1959 Robert G. E. Murray (1968)- proposed the kingdom Prokaryotae ...
... be placed into the plant kingdom Ernst Haeckel (1866)- proposed kingdom Protista to include bacteria, protozoa, algae and fungi; Fungi were placed into their own kingdom in 1959 Robert G. E. Murray (1968)- proposed the kingdom Prokaryotae ...
Biology Chapter 4
... allows ATP synthase to add a phosphate group to ADP creating ATP. Oxygen picks up the hydrogens and electrons finished with the process and creates water as a waste product. ...
... allows ATP synthase to add a phosphate group to ADP creating ATP. Oxygen picks up the hydrogens and electrons finished with the process and creates water as a waste product. ...
chapter 2 - Lisle CUSD 202
... Molecule—two or more like atoms combined chemically Compound—two or more different atoms combined chemically ...
... Molecule—two or more like atoms combined chemically Compound—two or more different atoms combined chemically ...
Chapter 11. Diversification of the Eukaryotes: Animals
... types of life found on earth. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. ...
... types of life found on earth. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. ...
Course Specifications General Information
... 3 - Anaerobic oxidation of Glucose ( Glycolysis) 4 - Aerobic oxidation of Glucose ( Krebs cycle) 5 - Krebs cycle 6 - Oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway 7 - Glycogen metabolism, galactose and fructose metabolism 8 - Digestion and mobilization of fats, beta oxidation 9 - Lipoproteins ...
... 3 - Anaerobic oxidation of Glucose ( Glycolysis) 4 - Aerobic oxidation of Glucose ( Krebs cycle) 5 - Krebs cycle 6 - Oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway 7 - Glycogen metabolism, galactose and fructose metabolism 8 - Digestion and mobilization of fats, beta oxidation 9 - Lipoproteins ...
organism - podcasts.shelbyed.k12.al.
... _transpiration/water cycle_____ Process by which water enters the atmosphere from the leaves of plants ______Carbon cycle_______ Cycle in which volcanic activity and burning fossil fuels plays a role. ...
... _transpiration/water cycle_____ Process by which water enters the atmosphere from the leaves of plants ______Carbon cycle_______ Cycle in which volcanic activity and burning fossil fuels plays a role. ...
Ch 9 Kreb Cycle and ETC
... u if O2 is available, pyruvate enters mitochondria u enzymes of Krebs cycle complete the full oxidation of sugar to CO2 u ...
... u if O2 is available, pyruvate enters mitochondria u enzymes of Krebs cycle complete the full oxidation of sugar to CO2 u ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH + 2 H+ Two ATP used in adding phosphate groups to glucose and fructose-6-phosphate (- 2 ATP) Four ATP generated in direct transfer to ADP by two 3C molecules (+ 4 ATP) Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ ...
... 2 ATP molecules and 2 NADH + 2 H+ Two ATP used in adding phosphate groups to glucose and fructose-6-phosphate (- 2 ATP) Four ATP generated in direct transfer to ADP by two 3C molecules (+ 4 ATP) Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)