supporting information
... from vPBu * CGlucose * D, in which vPBu is butyrate yield from glucose, mol/mol; CGlucose is glucose concentration, mol/L; D is dilution rate, 1/h. Therefore, CHBu,e in Eq1.S1 is equal to (H+/(H+ + 10-pKa,HBu)) * vPBu * CGlucose * D. For the intracellular pH value is 7, and the maximum dissociated b ...
... from vPBu * CGlucose * D, in which vPBu is butyrate yield from glucose, mol/mol; CGlucose is glucose concentration, mol/L; D is dilution rate, 1/h. Therefore, CHBu,e in Eq1.S1 is equal to (H+/(H+ + 10-pKa,HBu)) * vPBu * CGlucose * D. For the intracellular pH value is 7, and the maximum dissociated b ...
Chapter 2 biochem
... Def: the remaining molecules Usually dissolve in water or react with water to form ions Electrolytes (Ex: acids, bases) ...
... Def: the remaining molecules Usually dissolve in water or react with water to form ions Electrolytes (Ex: acids, bases) ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Describe an electron transport chain. Describe the cytochromes and their functions. Discuss oxidative phosphorylation. Name the final electron acceptor at the end of the oxidative transport chain. Give the numbers of ATP produced by NADH and FADH, as they go through the electron transport chain. Exp ...
... Describe an electron transport chain. Describe the cytochromes and their functions. Discuss oxidative phosphorylation. Name the final electron acceptor at the end of the oxidative transport chain. Give the numbers of ATP produced by NADH and FADH, as they go through the electron transport chain. Exp ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Nerve activates contraction
... Ch 2 Performance Objectives • Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. ...
... Ch 2 Performance Objectives • Distinguish between organic and inorganic compounds. ...
6.8-6.10 Citric acid cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
Principles of Ecology
... An ecosystem is a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it. A biome is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities. ...
... An ecosystem is a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it. A biome is a large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities. ...
ILS Unit 6 Semester 2 Name Teacher
... 2. In this experiment, oxygen consumption is measured in __(units)__? ___________________________ 3. Oxygen consumption is measured in ________ minute intervals? 4. Oxygen consumption in corn was measured at two different temperatures. These temperatures were: __________ and __________ degrees Celsi ...
... 2. In this experiment, oxygen consumption is measured in __(units)__? ___________________________ 3. Oxygen consumption is measured in ________ minute intervals? 4. Oxygen consumption in corn was measured at two different temperatures. These temperatures were: __________ and __________ degrees Celsi ...
Metabolic System and Exercise
... w Protein generally contributes little to energy production (less than 5%), and its oxidation is complex because amino acids contain nitrogen, which cannot be oxidized. ...
... w Protein generally contributes little to energy production (less than 5%), and its oxidation is complex because amino acids contain nitrogen, which cannot be oxidized. ...
CHAPTER 9: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
Identification and Classification of Prokaryote
... understand relationships among species Taxonomy is the science that studies organisms to order and arrange them Taxonomy can be viewed in three areas ...
... understand relationships among species Taxonomy is the science that studies organisms to order and arrange them Taxonomy can be viewed in three areas ...
Environments Through Time
... o Plants developed roots to ground themselves into the soil and absorb water o Plants also developed an epidermis which reduced the amount of water lost o Animals developed more complex nervous systems which would allow for animals to sense and locate water o Animals developed skin which reduced the ...
... o Plants developed roots to ground themselves into the soil and absorb water o Plants also developed an epidermis which reduced the amount of water lost o Animals developed more complex nervous systems which would allow for animals to sense and locate water o Animals developed skin which reduced the ...
Review Problems #2 (Enzyme Review, Phosphatases
... 18) What does it mean when a food has a score of 0 in protein-degestability aa score? How can this be corrected for? What is the benefit of using foods with low scores? Comment on nutritional benefits as well as other possible benefits? 19) What are the “best” sources of protein from a PDAAS perspec ...
... 18) What does it mean when a food has a score of 0 in protein-degestability aa score? How can this be corrected for? What is the benefit of using foods with low scores? Comment on nutritional benefits as well as other possible benefits? 19) What are the “best” sources of protein from a PDAAS perspec ...
Summary of Metabolic Pathways
... • Under aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl coenzyme A. -Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A yields energy in the form of NADH. -Oxidation of pyruvate can only occur if the oxidized coenzyme (NAD+) is available. • Under anaerobic conditions, the NADH which accumulates is no ...
... • Under aerobic conditions, pyruvic acid is oxidized to acetyl coenzyme A. -Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A yields energy in the form of NADH. -Oxidation of pyruvate can only occur if the oxidized coenzyme (NAD+) is available. • Under anaerobic conditions, the NADH which accumulates is no ...
ecosystems - SchoolRack
... amount of living tissue within a given trophic level. • Expressed in grams or organic matter per unit area. • Pyramid represents the potential food available for each trophic level. ...
... amount of living tissue within a given trophic level. • Expressed in grams or organic matter per unit area. • Pyramid represents the potential food available for each trophic level. ...
Chapter 11 - Introduction to Metabolism
... acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another e.g. glycolysis 2) cyclic - regeneration of intermediates e.g. Kre ...
... acids, nucleotides. within each group are a set of pathways arbitrarily set start and end points for ease of learning and reference pathways can take different forms: 1) linear - product of one reaction is substrate for another e.g. glycolysis 2) cyclic - regeneration of intermediates e.g. Kre ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 17. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle? (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate ...
... 17. Which of the following is not true of the citric acid cycle? (A) All enzymes of the cycle are located in the cytoplasm, except succinate dehydrogenase, which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. (B) In the presence of malonate, one would expect succinate to accumulate. (C) Oxaloacetate ...
Exam I Sample Questions
... Which of the following events determines the effect that a signaling molecule has on target cells? a. b. c. d. e. ...
... Which of the following events determines the effect that a signaling molecule has on target cells? a. b. c. d. e. ...
Biogeochemical Cycles
... The source of Sulfur is the lithosphere (earth's crust) Sulfur (S) enters the atmosphere as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during fossil fuel combustion, volcanic eruptions, gas exchange at ocean surfaces, and decomposition. H2S + O2 SO2 + H2 SO2 + O2 SO3 (sulfur trioxide) or SO2 + H2O H2SO4 ...
... The source of Sulfur is the lithosphere (earth's crust) Sulfur (S) enters the atmosphere as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during fossil fuel combustion, volcanic eruptions, gas exchange at ocean surfaces, and decomposition. H2S + O2 SO2 + H2 SO2 + O2 SO3 (sulfur trioxide) or SO2 + H2O H2SO4 ...
quant6stoichiom
... - convert mass to moles - use ratio to get desired reactants/products in moles - convert moles to desired units ex. A fuel mixture of hydrazine, N2H4, and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 was used to launch a lunar module. These two compounds react to form nitrogen gas and water vapour. If 150.0g of hydra ...
... - convert mass to moles - use ratio to get desired reactants/products in moles - convert moles to desired units ex. A fuel mixture of hydrazine, N2H4, and dinitrogen tetroxide, N2O4 was used to launch a lunar module. These two compounds react to form nitrogen gas and water vapour. If 150.0g of hydra ...
Microbial metabolism
Microbial metabolism is the means by which a microbe obtains the energy and nutrients (e.g. carbon) it needs to live and reproduce. Microbes use many different types of metabolic strategies and species can often be differentiated from each other based on metabolic characteristics. The specific metabolic properties of a microbe are the major factors in determining that microbe’s ecological niche, and often allow for that microbe to be useful in industrial processes or responsible for biogeochemical cycles.== Types of microbial metabolism ==All microbial metabolisms can be arranged according to three principles:1. How the organism obtains carbon for synthesising cell mass: autotrophic – carbon is obtained from carbon dioxide (CO2) heterotrophic – carbon is obtained from organic compounds mixotrophic – carbon is obtained from both organic compounds and by fixing carbon dioxide2. How the organism obtains reducing equivalents used either in energy conservation or in biosynthetic reactions: lithotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from inorganic compounds organotrophic – reducing equivalents are obtained from organic compounds3. How the organism obtains energy for living and growing: chemotrophic – energy is obtained from external chemical compounds phototrophic – energy is obtained from lightIn practice, these terms are almost freely combined. Typical examples are as follows: chemolithoautotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide. Examples: Nitrifying bacteria, Sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Iron-oxidizing bacteria, Knallgas-bacteria photolithoautotrophs obtain energy from light and carbon from the fixation of carbon dioxide, using reducing equivalents from inorganic compounds. Examples: Cyanobacteria (water (H2O) as reducing equivalent donor), Chlorobiaceae, Chromatiaceae (hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as reducing equivalent donor), Chloroflexus (hydrogen (H2) as reducing equivalent donor) chemolithoheterotrophs obtain energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds, but cannot fix carbon dioxide (CO2). Examples: some Thiobacilus, some Beggiatoa, some Nitrobacter spp., Wolinella (with H2 as reducing equivalent donor), some Knallgas-bacteria, some sulfate-reducing bacteria chemoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy, carbon, and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Examples: most bacteria, e. g. Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Actinobacteria photoorganoheterotrophs obtain energy from light, carbon and reducing equivalents for biosynthetic reactions from organic compounds. Some species are strictly heterotrophic, many others can also fix carbon dioxide and are mixotrophic. Examples: Rhodobacter, Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodospirillum, Rhodomicrobium, Rhodocyclus, Heliobacterium, Chloroflexus (alternatively to photolithoautotrophy with hydrogen)