Chapter 16 solutions
... ATP. On the other hand, if the NAD+ that is converted into NADH could be recycled and reused, a small amount of the molecule could regenerate a vast amount of lactate. This is the case in the cell. NAD+ is regenerated by the oxidation of NADH and reused. NAD+ is thus used catalytically. ...
... ATP. On the other hand, if the NAD+ that is converted into NADH could be recycled and reused, a small amount of the molecule could regenerate a vast amount of lactate. This is the case in the cell. NAD+ is regenerated by the oxidation of NADH and reused. NAD+ is thus used catalytically. ...
Citric acid cycle - Imperial College London
... The citrate then goes through a series of chemical transformations, losing two carboxyl groups as CO2. The carbons lost as CO2 originate from what was oxaloacetate, not directly from acetyl-CoA. The carbons donated by acetyl-CoA become part of the oxaloacetate carbon backbone after the first turn of ...
... The citrate then goes through a series of chemical transformations, losing two carboxyl groups as CO2. The carbons lost as CO2 originate from what was oxaloacetate, not directly from acetyl-CoA. The carbons donated by acetyl-CoA become part of the oxaloacetate carbon backbone after the first turn of ...
Objectives 12
... Glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) - liver, kidney store glycogen to replenish blood glucose (during food deprivation) for use by brain and RBCs - Muscle stores glycogen for needs of individual cells - glycogen’s highly branched structure excludes water to decrease a tissue osmotic effect and increas ...
... Glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) - liver, kidney store glycogen to replenish blood glucose (during food deprivation) for use by brain and RBCs - Muscle stores glycogen for needs of individual cells - glycogen’s highly branched structure excludes water to decrease a tissue osmotic effect and increas ...
The Citric Acid Cycle
... acid cycle to yield electrons with high transfer potential. Then, this electron-motive force is converted into a proton-motive force and, finally, the proton-motive force is converted into phosphoryl transfer potential. The conversion of electron-motive force into proton-motive force is carried out ...
... acid cycle to yield electrons with high transfer potential. Then, this electron-motive force is converted into a proton-motive force and, finally, the proton-motive force is converted into phosphoryl transfer potential. The conversion of electron-motive force into proton-motive force is carried out ...
The Skinny on Low-Carbohydrate Diets
... Thanks to Michael Eades, M.D. for graphing the results from these two studi ...
... Thanks to Michael Eades, M.D. for graphing the results from these two studi ...
FAT SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION
... between the double bond and the CH3 group at the left end. If a double bond is closer than 7 carbon atoms to the CH3 group (numbering the CH3 as 1, the first double bond you bump into would start at carbon 7), a plant must have made it. Two nomenclature camps have grown up around the naming of unsat ...
... between the double bond and the CH3 group at the left end. If a double bond is closer than 7 carbon atoms to the CH3 group (numbering the CH3 as 1, the first double bond you bump into would start at carbon 7), a plant must have made it. Two nomenclature camps have grown up around the naming of unsat ...
MB ChB PHASE I
... from Terminal Respiration Lecture 1, when a citric acid cycle intermediate is produced, as in the scheme above, the ‘feed-in’ reaction allows a section of the cycle to become part of a linear pathway, and contribute to anabolism (here, of Glc).] ...
... from Terminal Respiration Lecture 1, when a citric acid cycle intermediate is produced, as in the scheme above, the ‘feed-in’ reaction allows a section of the cycle to become part of a linear pathway, and contribute to anabolism (here, of Glc).] ...
Lactic Acidosis
... Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle of biochemical reactions then produces water, CO2 and most importantly, ATP, the primary cellular energy source. Under anaerobic conditions, or when the metabolic demands of the cells exceed the oxygen delivery capacity of the body, pyruvate is unable to enter the Krebs ...
... Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle of biochemical reactions then produces water, CO2 and most importantly, ATP, the primary cellular energy source. Under anaerobic conditions, or when the metabolic demands of the cells exceed the oxygen delivery capacity of the body, pyruvate is unable to enter the Krebs ...
Accumulation of Carotenoids and Metabolic Profiling in Different
... species. Positive relationships were apparent between carbon-rich metabolites, including those of the TCA cycle and sugar metabolism, and carotenoids. Keywords: Tagetes; marigold; carotenoid; metabolic profiling; GC-TOFMS ...
... species. Positive relationships were apparent between carbon-rich metabolites, including those of the TCA cycle and sugar metabolism, and carotenoids. Keywords: Tagetes; marigold; carotenoid; metabolic profiling; GC-TOFMS ...
De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than
... Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a fundamental biosynthetic pathway within the liver, contributing to the lipids that are stored and secreted by hepatocytes (Jensen-Urstad & Semenkovich, 2012). This process is an extension of the complex metabolic networks at play within the liver, and is provid ...
... Hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is a fundamental biosynthetic pathway within the liver, contributing to the lipids that are stored and secreted by hepatocytes (Jensen-Urstad & Semenkovich, 2012). This process is an extension of the complex metabolic networks at play within the liver, and is provid ...
PROTEINS
... total caloric intake is reduced, energy needs may no longer be satisfied by carbohydrate and fat intake alone, necessitating that protein be used to provide energy. 3. Negative Energy Balance For clients pursuing body-fat reduction, body-fat loss goals require that a caloric deficit be maintained un ...
... total caloric intake is reduced, energy needs may no longer be satisfied by carbohydrate and fat intake alone, necessitating that protein be used to provide energy. 3. Negative Energy Balance For clients pursuing body-fat reduction, body-fat loss goals require that a caloric deficit be maintained un ...
H 2 O 2
... central Fe ion is attached by coordination to N-atom of His18 and to S-atom of Met80; two vinyl groups bind covalently S-atoms of Cys14+Cys17. The heme is dived deeply in the protein terciary structure so that it is unable to bind O2, CO. Cyt c is water-soluble, peripheral protein that moves on the ...
... central Fe ion is attached by coordination to N-atom of His18 and to S-atom of Met80; two vinyl groups bind covalently S-atoms of Cys14+Cys17. The heme is dived deeply in the protein terciary structure so that it is unable to bind O2, CO. Cyt c is water-soluble, peripheral protein that moves on the ...
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
... • In the first phase of glycolysis – ATP is used to energize a glucose molecule, which is then split in two Steps 1 – 3 A fuel molecule is energized, using ATP. ...
... • In the first phase of glycolysis – ATP is used to energize a glucose molecule, which is then split in two Steps 1 – 3 A fuel molecule is energized, using ATP. ...
Kinetics of gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange and gas
... rates for different sites, location of the charge and dependence on the deuterating agent. For all these answers it is necessary to confine the charged species for a long enough time in the mass spectrometer to perform and monitor the H/D exchange experiment in the gas phase. Development of ion-trap ...
... rates for different sites, location of the charge and dependence on the deuterating agent. For all these answers it is necessary to confine the charged species for a long enough time in the mass spectrometer to perform and monitor the H/D exchange experiment in the gas phase. Development of ion-trap ...
How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... reductase. Two electrons are passed from NADH through the chain of reactions as shown, and two electrons are also derived from the fatty acyl substrate. linoleic acid in eukaryotes. This is the only means by which animals can synthesize fatty acids with double bonds at positions beyond C-9. ...
... reductase. Two electrons are passed from NADH through the chain of reactions as shown, and two electrons are also derived from the fatty acyl substrate. linoleic acid in eukaryotes. This is the only means by which animals can synthesize fatty acids with double bonds at positions beyond C-9. ...
Gene–Nutrition Interaction in Human Performance and Exercise
... It has long been known that an individual who regularly exercises may experience improvements in insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, muscle hypertrophy, changes in mitochondrial content and fiber type of muscle cells, and an increase in the use of fat as fuel during exercise,20 –22 and expressi ...
... It has long been known that an individual who regularly exercises may experience improvements in insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, muscle hypertrophy, changes in mitochondrial content and fiber type of muscle cells, and an increase in the use of fat as fuel during exercise,20 –22 and expressi ...
Chapter 5-7
... What are enzymes and how do they function? What environmental factors effect enzyme function? How do they effect enzyme function? Describe allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition. How does photosynthesis convert solar energy into energy usable by cells? Be specific. What are the chemical react ...
... What are enzymes and how do they function? What environmental factors effect enzyme function? How do they effect enzyme function? Describe allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition. How does photosynthesis convert solar energy into energy usable by cells? Be specific. What are the chemical react ...
The common northern periwinkle, Littorina littorea
... Under aerobic conditions, organisms can make use of lipid, carbohydrate or amino acid fuels for respiration with considerable variation between species and between organs in the relative importance of different fuel types. Under anoxic conditions, however, carbohydrates become the primary substrate ...
... Under aerobic conditions, organisms can make use of lipid, carbohydrate or amino acid fuels for respiration with considerable variation between species and between organs in the relative importance of different fuel types. Under anoxic conditions, however, carbohydrates become the primary substrate ...
Fatty Acid Oxid
... Human genetic diseases have been identified that involve mutations in: the plasma membrane fatty acid transporter CD36 Carnitine Palmitoyltransferases I & II (required for transfer of fatty acids into mitochondria) Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases for various chain lengths of fatty acids Hydroxyacyl ...
... Human genetic diseases have been identified that involve mutations in: the plasma membrane fatty acid transporter CD36 Carnitine Palmitoyltransferases I & II (required for transfer of fatty acids into mitochondria) Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases for various chain lengths of fatty acids Hydroxyacyl ...
Obesity and the regulation of fat metabolism
... and adoption studies (Allison et al., 1996; Friedman, 2003; Stunkard et al., 1990). Estimates for the genetic basis of phenotypic variations in obesity range from approximately 40 to 70%. This matches or exceeds the accepted genetic contribution to height (Friedman, 2003). The idea that genetic loci ...
... and adoption studies (Allison et al., 1996; Friedman, 2003; Stunkard et al., 1990). Estimates for the genetic basis of phenotypic variations in obesity range from approximately 40 to 70%. This matches or exceeds the accepted genetic contribution to height (Friedman, 2003). The idea that genetic loci ...
Enzymes - دانشکده پزشکی
... – Practical idea of the catalytic efficiency, i.e. how often a molecule of substrate that is bound reacts to give product. ...
... – Practical idea of the catalytic efficiency, i.e. how often a molecule of substrate that is bound reacts to give product. ...
Dynamic Model of the Process of Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotic Cells
... This reaction is considered here as an irreversible process. Step 3 in the process is the association of free eIF4E with eIF4G to form eIF4F (denoted as EF ) in a reversible reaction and enabling translation. Formation of EF occurs rapidly, while the reverse reaction depends on an external signal H, ...
... This reaction is considered here as an irreversible process. Step 3 in the process is the association of free eIF4E with eIF4G to form eIF4F (denoted as EF ) in a reversible reaction and enabling translation. Formation of EF occurs rapidly, while the reverse reaction depends on an external signal H, ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.