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... LIVER BY THE ALANINE CYCLE OR AS GLUTAMINE If amino acids are produced in tissues that lack the urea cycle, they need a mechanism to release nitrogen in a form that can be absorbed by the liver and converted into urea. EXAMPLE: Muscle uses amino acids as fuel during prolonged exercise and fasting. ...
... LIVER BY THE ALANINE CYCLE OR AS GLUTAMINE If amino acids are produced in tissues that lack the urea cycle, they need a mechanism to release nitrogen in a form that can be absorbed by the liver and converted into urea. EXAMPLE: Muscle uses amino acids as fuel during prolonged exercise and fasting. ...
Full-Text PDF
... reagent, d0-/d6-2, 4-dimethoxy-6-piperazin-1-yl pyrimidine (DMPP), has also been developed to specifically derivatize carboxylic analytes, which will reduce chemical noise [35], leading to a greater confidence in the unequivocal identification of these acidic compounds. Computational annotation meth ...
... reagent, d0-/d6-2, 4-dimethoxy-6-piperazin-1-yl pyrimidine (DMPP), has also been developed to specifically derivatize carboxylic analytes, which will reduce chemical noise [35], leading to a greater confidence in the unequivocal identification of these acidic compounds. Computational annotation meth ...
Theoretical Approaches to the Evolutionary Optimization of Glycolysis
... where E, and k , are kinetic parameters of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, S,-, and S5are the concentrations of the substrate and the product, respectively, and q, is the equilibrium constant of the reaction. If many molecules of ATP are produced, it implies a good exploitation of the fuel, but very ...
... where E, and k , are kinetic parameters of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, S,-, and S5are the concentrations of the substrate and the product, respectively, and q, is the equilibrium constant of the reaction. If many molecules of ATP are produced, it implies a good exploitation of the fuel, but very ...
PPTX - Bonham Chemistry
... • Glycolysis is a sequence of enzymecatalyzed reaction by which glucose is converted into pyruvate • Pyruvate can be further aerobically oxidized • Pyruvate can be used as a precursor in biosynthesis ...
... • Glycolysis is a sequence of enzymecatalyzed reaction by which glucose is converted into pyruvate • Pyruvate can be further aerobically oxidized • Pyruvate can be used as a precursor in biosynthesis ...
Chem 7250 #1
... ATP often serves as an energy source. Hydrolytic cleavage of one or both of the "high energy" bonds of ATP is coupled to an energy-requiring (non-spontaneous) reaction. (Examples presented earlier.) AMP functions as an energy sensor & regulator of metabolism. ...
... ATP often serves as an energy source. Hydrolytic cleavage of one or both of the "high energy" bonds of ATP is coupled to an energy-requiring (non-spontaneous) reaction. (Examples presented earlier.) AMP functions as an energy sensor & regulator of metabolism. ...
PDF Chapter 14 Chemical Kinetics
... For reactions that involve a single reactant, we have derived mathematical equations that relate the concentration at any time during the course of the reaction to the initial concentration and the rate constant. These are called integrated rate equations because, perhaps without surprise, they ar ...
... For reactions that involve a single reactant, we have derived mathematical equations that relate the concentration at any time during the course of the reaction to the initial concentration and the rate constant. These are called integrated rate equations because, perhaps without surprise, they ar ...
The evolution of endothermy is explained by thyroid hormone
... metabolism in several invertebrate groups (Davey, 2007; Flatt et al., 2006). It is therefore possible that thyroid hormone regulates growth and development in echinoderms and other thyroid hormone-sensitive invertebrates at least in part by regulating metabolism. However, the precarious supply of th ...
... metabolism in several invertebrate groups (Davey, 2007; Flatt et al., 2006). It is therefore possible that thyroid hormone regulates growth and development in echinoderms and other thyroid hormone-sensitive invertebrates at least in part by regulating metabolism. However, the precarious supply of th ...
Chapter 13 - TCA Cycle
... The citric acid cycle, aka the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), or the Krebs cycle: Series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It works by the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and G in the form of ATP. The cycle also provi ...
... The citric acid cycle, aka the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), or the Krebs cycle: Series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It works by the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and G in the form of ATP. The cycle also provi ...
Vitamin B12 deficiency, methylmalonic acidemia
... and methylmalonyl CoA mutase activity. Propionate oxidation was much lower than controls, but succinate oxidation was normal. Radioactivity from 57Co-labeled cobalamin was found in methyl cobalamin but not in deoxyadenosyl cobalamin; however, methylmalonyl CoA mutase activity was normal in cell lysa ...
... and methylmalonyl CoA mutase activity. Propionate oxidation was much lower than controls, but succinate oxidation was normal. Radioactivity from 57Co-labeled cobalamin was found in methyl cobalamin but not in deoxyadenosyl cobalamin; however, methylmalonyl CoA mutase activity was normal in cell lysa ...
Sites of enzyme activity along the nephron
... to characterize the distribution of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis and citric acid cycle activity (Fig. 1). For comparison, bidirectional enzymes which serve to catalyze more than one metabolic pathway were also included. ...
... to characterize the distribution of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis and citric acid cycle activity (Fig. 1). For comparison, bidirectional enzymes which serve to catalyze more than one metabolic pathway were also included. ...
Direction of Krebs cycle Which way does the citric acid cycle turn
... Direction of Krebs cycle transhydrogenase, while mice belonging to any of the following strains: C57BL/6JEi, C57BL/6N, C57BL/6NJ, C57BL/6ByJ, C57BL/10J, C57L/J, or C58/J express this protein (Toye et al., 2005). To the best of my knowledge, the results of such an experiment do not exist in the lite ...
... Direction of Krebs cycle transhydrogenase, while mice belonging to any of the following strains: C57BL/6JEi, C57BL/6N, C57BL/6NJ, C57BL/6ByJ, C57BL/10J, C57L/J, or C58/J express this protein (Toye et al., 2005). To the best of my knowledge, the results of such an experiment do not exist in the lite ...
energy for
... Open systems can increase in local complexity as long as “energy in” exceeds the energy needed to increase the complexity of the system; such that there is still an increase in “energy out” - the entropy of the universe … so that the total energy of the universe remains constant and entropy increase ...
... Open systems can increase in local complexity as long as “energy in” exceeds the energy needed to increase the complexity of the system; such that there is still an increase in “energy out” - the entropy of the universe … so that the total energy of the universe remains constant and entropy increase ...
Chapter 8
... How the Hydrolysis of ATP Performs Work The three types of cellular work (mechanical, transport, and chemical) are powered by the hydrolysis of ATP In the cell, the energy from the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an endergonic reaction Overall, the coupled reactions ...
... How the Hydrolysis of ATP Performs Work The three types of cellular work (mechanical, transport, and chemical) are powered by the hydrolysis of ATP In the cell, the energy from the exergonic reaction of ATP hydrolysis can be used to drive an endergonic reaction Overall, the coupled reactions ...
Chapter 7 – Cellular Respiration
... Phases of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport system These phases are nothing more than metabolic reactions involving the conversion of glucose & other molecules into carbon dioxide & water The resulting energy released ...
... Phases of aerobic cellular respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Transition or Acetyl-CoA reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Electron transport system These phases are nothing more than metabolic reactions involving the conversion of glucose & other molecules into carbon dioxide & water The resulting energy released ...
Chapter 9
... • Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... • Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
Defects in metabolism of purines and pyrimidines
... pyrimidines and/or their metabolites in cells or body fluids due to a decreased or an increased activity of an enzyme involved in this metabolism. Symptomatology in these defects is highly variable from very severe to relatively mild and may present at any age. Until now about 835 patients have been ...
... pyrimidines and/or their metabolites in cells or body fluids due to a decreased or an increased activity of an enzyme involved in this metabolism. Symptomatology in these defects is highly variable from very severe to relatively mild and may present at any age. Until now about 835 patients have been ...
Amino acids and protein (lec. 2%2c 2015)
... Optically active molecules means also they have two isomers ...
... Optically active molecules means also they have two isomers ...
amino acids properties
... neurotransmitter, i.e., trasnmission of impulses in the nervous system, Tryptophan is the precursor of a vitamin named nicotinic acid (B3). 3-As Source of Sulphur. Derived from the sulfur containing amino acids. 4- Amino acids are involved in many metabolic pathways such as in Gluconeogenesis where ...
... neurotransmitter, i.e., trasnmission of impulses in the nervous system, Tryptophan is the precursor of a vitamin named nicotinic acid (B3). 3-As Source of Sulphur. Derived from the sulfur containing amino acids. 4- Amino acids are involved in many metabolic pathways such as in Gluconeogenesis where ...
McFil: metabolic carbon flow in leaves
... Turnover and ion fluxes. Following de Vries (1975), we estimated protein turnover as 0.1059 day-1. This assumes 44% of leaf protein is in Rubisco and turns over 0.06 day-1, and ...
... Turnover and ion fluxes. Following de Vries (1975), we estimated protein turnover as 0.1059 day-1. This assumes 44% of leaf protein is in Rubisco and turns over 0.06 day-1, and ...
Mitochondria and energy production
... Recent studies have clarified the mechanism by which glutamine and system A substrates affect macroautophagy. The accumulation of these amino acids within cells, together with the cotransported Na+ (which is partly exchanged for K+), is followed by a flux of water into the cell to equilibrate the os ...
... Recent studies have clarified the mechanism by which glutamine and system A substrates affect macroautophagy. The accumulation of these amino acids within cells, together with the cotransported Na+ (which is partly exchanged for K+), is followed by a flux of water into the cell to equilibrate the os ...
Dietary Guidelines should reflect new understandings about adult
... reduced anabolic stimulus of hormones. Here again it is important to distinguish the difference between outcome measures of muscle protein metabolism versus nitrogen balance. Long-term prospective outcomes with protein supplementation and muscle function are not available. However cross-sectional st ...
... reduced anabolic stimulus of hormones. Here again it is important to distinguish the difference between outcome measures of muscle protein metabolism versus nitrogen balance. Long-term prospective outcomes with protein supplementation and muscle function are not available. However cross-sectional st ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Notes
... – Electron transport train (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... – Electron transport train (accounts for most of the ATP synthesis) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
Document
... Entropy (disorder) may decrease in an organism, but the universe’s total entropy increases Organisms are islands of low entropy in an increasingly random universe ...
... Entropy (disorder) may decrease in an organism, but the universe’s total entropy increases Organisms are islands of low entropy in an increasingly random universe ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.