Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 deficiency increases fatty acid oxidation
... reduces the accumulation of lipids in nonadipose tissues. Recently, leptin was found to repress RNA levels and enzymatic activity of SCD1 in liver (6). Ob兾ob mice with SCD1 mutations were significantly less obese than ob兾ob controls and had markedly increased energy expenditure with reduced triglyce ...
... reduces the accumulation of lipids in nonadipose tissues. Recently, leptin was found to repress RNA levels and enzymatic activity of SCD1 in liver (6). Ob兾ob mice with SCD1 mutations were significantly less obese than ob兾ob controls and had markedly increased energy expenditure with reduced triglyce ...
Metabolism (degradation) of triacylglycerols and fatty acids
... fat and carbohydrate degradation are not appropriately balanced and oxalacetate becomes depleted (glucose oxidation is suppressed, fat catabolism is accelerated). Overnight fasting: 0.05 mM, 2 day fasting: 2 mM, 40 day fasting: 7 mM ...
... fat and carbohydrate degradation are not appropriately balanced and oxalacetate becomes depleted (glucose oxidation is suppressed, fat catabolism is accelerated). Overnight fasting: 0.05 mM, 2 day fasting: 2 mM, 40 day fasting: 7 mM ...
Full Text PDF - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. publishers
... other important mitochondrial enzymes, was found to be oxidized, and the concentration of its substrate a-ketoglutarate was increased in Abcd1 - spinal cord (Fig. 3A). Thus, we hypothesized that KGDHC activity was most likely to be decreased in Abcd1-null mice, even if the steady-state level of a-ke ...
... other important mitochondrial enzymes, was found to be oxidized, and the concentration of its substrate a-ketoglutarate was increased in Abcd1 - spinal cord (Fig. 3A). Thus, we hypothesized that KGDHC activity was most likely to be decreased in Abcd1-null mice, even if the steady-state level of a-ke ...
The regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis in some
... Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Fatty acids of Inp3 were methylated and analysed as described in Intriago & Floodgate (1991). Radio-HPLC analysis. Fatty acids of Inp2 were derivatized using a technique adapted from that of Lam & Gruska (1985). Derivatization was started by adding 20 p1 5 % (w/v ...
... Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Fatty acids of Inp3 were methylated and analysed as described in Intriago & Floodgate (1991). Radio-HPLC analysis. Fatty acids of Inp2 were derivatized using a technique adapted from that of Lam & Gruska (1985). Derivatization was started by adding 20 p1 5 % (w/v ...
electron transport chain
... sugars that occurs without O2 • Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
... sugars that occurs without O2 • Aerobic respiration consumes organic molecules and O2 and yields ATP • Anaerobic respiration is similar to aerobic respiration but consumes compounds other than O2 ...
Fate of Carbon Skeleton
... Defect in any one of the five enzymes of urea cycle leads to ammonia intoxication. e.g. o Hyperammonemia type-I due to defect in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I o Hyperammonemia type-II due to defect in ornithine transcarbamoylase enzyme ...
... Defect in any one of the five enzymes of urea cycle leads to ammonia intoxication. e.g. o Hyperammonemia type-I due to defect in carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I o Hyperammonemia type-II due to defect in ornithine transcarbamoylase enzyme ...
Energy and Metabolism - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... cannot be created or destroyed The First Law of Thermodynamics concerns the amount of energy in the universe. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change from one form to another (from potential to kinetic, for example). The total amount of energy in the universe remains constant. The ...
... cannot be created or destroyed The First Law of Thermodynamics concerns the amount of energy in the universe. Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change from one form to another (from potential to kinetic, for example). The total amount of energy in the universe remains constant. The ...
Amino Acid Oxidation, the Production of Urea, and Amino Acid
... the pool is exactly balanced by the quantity that enters the pool. Digestion of Proteins Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The stomach secretes HCl which lowers the pH of the stomach contents to between 1 and 2. The low pH serves to denature the dietary proteins. Denatured proteins are more ...
... the pool is exactly balanced by the quantity that enters the pool. Digestion of Proteins Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The stomach secretes HCl which lowers the pH of the stomach contents to between 1 and 2. The low pH serves to denature the dietary proteins. Denatured proteins are more ...
Print - Circulation Research
... Ethanol in saline solution (15!b, v / v ) was infused into anesthetized rabbits at a rate of 0.494 ml/min for the first 12 minutes and then at 0.247 ml/min for 108 minutes. Three hours after the infusion, heart triglyceride and lipoprotein lipase were assayed. Oxidation and esterification of fatty a ...
... Ethanol in saline solution (15!b, v / v ) was infused into anesthetized rabbits at a rate of 0.494 ml/min for the first 12 minutes and then at 0.247 ml/min for 108 minutes. Three hours after the infusion, heart triglyceride and lipoprotein lipase were assayed. Oxidation and esterification of fatty a ...
Biochemistry Ch 33 597-624 [4-20
... -fatty acids enter adipose cell and are activated fatty acyl CoA, which reacts with glycerol 3phosphate to form triacylglycerol by the same pathway in the liver -because adipose lacks glycerol kinase and cannot use glycerol produced by LPL, glycerol travels back to liver, which it uses to synthesi ...
... -fatty acids enter adipose cell and are activated fatty acyl CoA, which reacts with glycerol 3phosphate to form triacylglycerol by the same pathway in the liver -because adipose lacks glycerol kinase and cannot use glycerol produced by LPL, glycerol travels back to liver, which it uses to synthesi ...
3-energy
... ATP often serves as an energy source. Hydrolytic cleavage of one or both of the "high energy" bonds of ATP is coupled to an energy-requiring (non-spontaneous) reaction. (Examples presented earlier.) AMP functions as an energy sensor & regulator of metabolism. ...
... ATP often serves as an energy source. Hydrolytic cleavage of one or both of the "high energy" bonds of ATP is coupled to an energy-requiring (non-spontaneous) reaction. (Examples presented earlier.) AMP functions as an energy sensor & regulator of metabolism. ...
Detoxification mechanisms (Apis mellifera) resulting in tolerance of dietary nicotine
... notable detrimental effects on worker survival, hatching success or larval survival27–30. In comparison to nicotine-sensitive aphids which showed 100% mortality after only six days on a diet containing 30 ppm nicotine22, honey bees tolerated 50 ppm nicotine in their diet during 21 day survival studi ...
... notable detrimental effects on worker survival, hatching success or larval survival27–30. In comparison to nicotine-sensitive aphids which showed 100% mortality after only six days on a diet containing 30 ppm nicotine22, honey bees tolerated 50 ppm nicotine in their diet during 21 day survival studi ...
Examining Escherichia coli glycolytic pathways, catabolite
... appear more gradually than in their downstream metabolites (3PG and PEP). There could be other reasons for the observed labeling patterns in ∆pfkA mutants, such as activation of unknown pathways associated with glycolysis (e.g., Δedd surprisingly increases glycogen accumulation [27]), experimental a ...
... appear more gradually than in their downstream metabolites (3PG and PEP). There could be other reasons for the observed labeling patterns in ∆pfkA mutants, such as activation of unknown pathways associated with glycolysis (e.g., Δedd surprisingly increases glycogen accumulation [27]), experimental a ...
Heart Failure and Loss of Metabolic Control
... Taegtmeyer et al30 used dual labeling techniques to simultaneously measure glucose and glycogen metabolism. They found that epinephrine stimulation leads to almost complete oxidation of glycogen, while about 50% of exogenous glucose passes through a nonoxidative pathway. Furthermore, glycogenolysis ...
... Taegtmeyer et al30 used dual labeling techniques to simultaneously measure glucose and glycogen metabolism. They found that epinephrine stimulation leads to almost complete oxidation of glycogen, while about 50% of exogenous glucose passes through a nonoxidative pathway. Furthermore, glycogenolysis ...
Intermediary metabolism
... Recent estimates for the last common ancestor to vertebrates and nematodes range from 800 million to over one billion years ago (Hedges and Kumar, 2003; Hedges, 2002; Ureta-Vidal et al., 2003; Blaxter, 1998). Since that time, nematodes have developed a bewildering variety of life histories including ...
... Recent estimates for the last common ancestor to vertebrates and nematodes range from 800 million to over one billion years ago (Hedges and Kumar, 2003; Hedges, 2002; Ureta-Vidal et al., 2003; Blaxter, 1998). Since that time, nematodes have developed a bewildering variety of life histories including ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Energy-Releasing Pathways Anaerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the cell cytoplasm that does not use oxygen as the final electron acceptor. Aerobic Definition Energy exchange occurring in the mitochondria using oxygen as the final electron acceptor. ...
09LecturePresentation
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
electron transport chain
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
... • In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps • Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme • As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration • Each NADH (the reduce ...
Does Lactic Acid Cause Muscular Fatigue?
... Aerobic metabolism. As indicated, pyruvate and NADH, (and, perhaps, lactic acid), must be absorbed from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria of muscle fibers in order to continue being metabolized. Mitochondria are rod-shaped structures found in the cytoplasm of cells (see figure 4). They have been l ...
... Aerobic metabolism. As indicated, pyruvate and NADH, (and, perhaps, lactic acid), must be absorbed from the cytoplasm into the mitochondria of muscle fibers in order to continue being metabolized. Mitochondria are rod-shaped structures found in the cytoplasm of cells (see figure 4). They have been l ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.