Nutrisi & Pertumbuhan Mikrobia
... energy and hydrogen atoms or electrons. • Nutrient molecules frequently cannot cross selectively permeable plasma membranes through passive diffusion. They must be transported by one of three major mechanisms involving the use of membrane carrier proteins. ...
... energy and hydrogen atoms or electrons. • Nutrient molecules frequently cannot cross selectively permeable plasma membranes through passive diffusion. They must be transported by one of three major mechanisms involving the use of membrane carrier proteins. ...
First Homework Assignment
... Finally, the two anomeric carbons (the 1 positions of both sugars) could be linked as glycosides. Since each could be in or form, this would give 4 more linkage types (, , , and ) None of these are reducing sugars. Two would be cut by an alpha glucosidase, and two would be cut by a beta ...
... Finally, the two anomeric carbons (the 1 positions of both sugars) could be linked as glycosides. Since each could be in or form, this would give 4 more linkage types (, , , and ) None of these are reducing sugars. Two would be cut by an alpha glucosidase, and two would be cut by a beta ...
protein intake for optimal muscle maintenance
... including protein so there is a sufficient pool of amino acids available to repair and build new muscle. Of course, you do not want to exercise on an empty stomach. In fact, exercising in an unfed state leads to an increase in protein loss making it more difficult for the body to both repair and bui ...
... including protein so there is a sufficient pool of amino acids available to repair and build new muscle. Of course, you do not want to exercise on an empty stomach. In fact, exercising in an unfed state leads to an increase in protein loss making it more difficult for the body to both repair and bui ...
Team Hockey: Glucose and ATP
... Glycolysis • Uses glucose to create energy molecules (ATP, NADH) • Makes Pyruvate for Citric Acid Cycle (part of aerobic respiration). • Produces 6-carbon and 3-carbon intermediate compounds (used for many purposes). ...
... Glycolysis • Uses glucose to create energy molecules (ATP, NADH) • Makes Pyruvate for Citric Acid Cycle (part of aerobic respiration). • Produces 6-carbon and 3-carbon intermediate compounds (used for many purposes). ...
Practice - Univerzita Karlova v Praze
... • The mental retardation is caused by the accumulation of phenylalanine, which becomes a major donor of amino groups in aminotransferase activity and depletes neural tissue of α-ketoglutarate. • Absence of α-ketoglutarate in the brain shuts down the TCA cycle and the associated production of aerobic ...
... • The mental retardation is caused by the accumulation of phenylalanine, which becomes a major donor of amino groups in aminotransferase activity and depletes neural tissue of α-ketoglutarate. • Absence of α-ketoglutarate in the brain shuts down the TCA cycle and the associated production of aerobic ...
ENERGY
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES
... Some drugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. When such a drug is added, what will happen to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption? a) Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will decrease. b) ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption ...
... Some drugs known as uncouplers facilitate diffusion of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. When such a drug is added, what will happen to ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption? a) Both ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption will decrease. b) ATP synthesis will decrease; oxygen consumption ...
REVISION FOR ENERGY
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
... (FFA) and glycerol and used as an energy fuel within the aerobic system. FFA are broken down into Acetyl CoA, which enters and is broken down by the Krebs Cycle and the ETC in the process termed beta-oxidation. FFA produce more Acetyl CoA and consequently produce far greater energy than the breakdow ...
Metabolism of Glycerol
... When blood glucose is depleted and glycogen stores are low, • the process of fat utilization is stimulated. • the hormones glucagon or epinephrine are secreted into the bloodstream, where they bind to receptors on the membrane of adipose tissue. • a hormone-sensitive lipase within the fat cells cata ...
... When blood glucose is depleted and glycogen stores are low, • the process of fat utilization is stimulated. • the hormones glucagon or epinephrine are secreted into the bloodstream, where they bind to receptors on the membrane of adipose tissue. • a hormone-sensitive lipase within the fat cells cata ...
Oxidation of Glucose
... penetrate mitochondria membrane , it can be used to produce energy (4 or , 6ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. ...
... penetrate mitochondria membrane , it can be used to produce energy (4 or , 6ATP) by respiratory chain phosphorylation in the mitochondria. ...
Amino Acids - Newcastle University
... has a basic amine group and an acidic carboxylic acid group. However, the hydrogen from the carboxylic acid is able to migrate to the amine, leaving a zwitterion. Overall, a zwitterion has no electric charge, but separate parts of the ion are positively and negatively charged. Amino acids actually e ...
... has a basic amine group and an acidic carboxylic acid group. However, the hydrogen from the carboxylic acid is able to migrate to the amine, leaving a zwitterion. Overall, a zwitterion has no electric charge, but separate parts of the ion are positively and negatively charged. Amino acids actually e ...
REVIEW: Bio 139 Lab Practical #1 All labs from beginning of the
... gas). Catalase + bacteria can make iron porphyrin groups (a kind of prosthetic group also found in cytochromes). Catalase + test indirectly indicates bacteria have cytochromes = have electron transport chain = respire aerobically. Catalase – bacteria only ferment (indifferent/aerotolerant). Oxidase ...
... gas). Catalase + bacteria can make iron porphyrin groups (a kind of prosthetic group also found in cytochromes). Catalase + test indirectly indicates bacteria have cytochromes = have electron transport chain = respire aerobically. Catalase – bacteria only ferment (indifferent/aerotolerant). Oxidase ...
Enzymes - A Level Notes
... At high the enzyme vibrates more. This breaks the weak bonds that maintain the tertiary structure e.g. hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds. This changes the shape of the enzyme and the shape of the active site. The active site is no longer complementary in shape to its substrate so the substrate cannot bi ...
... At high the enzyme vibrates more. This breaks the weak bonds that maintain the tertiary structure e.g. hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds. This changes the shape of the enzyme and the shape of the active site. The active site is no longer complementary in shape to its substrate so the substrate cannot bi ...
SI Worksheet 10 1. What does coupling reactions mean? The
... SI Worksheet 10 1. What does coupling reactions mean? The process of coupling reactions that are unfavorable with reactions that are favorable in order to make them “go.” 2. What components make up an ATP molecule, what kind of molecule is ATP? 5-ring sugar Adenine nucleotide 3 Phosphate Groups Nucl ...
... SI Worksheet 10 1. What does coupling reactions mean? The process of coupling reactions that are unfavorable with reactions that are favorable in order to make them “go.” 2. What components make up an ATP molecule, what kind of molecule is ATP? 5-ring sugar Adenine nucleotide 3 Phosphate Groups Nucl ...
ELEM_CouvC_V1n3 copy
... hypothesis by demonstrating the formation of nitrogencontaining amide bonds, which are critical to life’s biochemistry. What made Keller et al.’s reaction especially interesting is that they relied on a reactive intermediate molecule called a thioacid; but one cannot start with a thioacid because su ...
... hypothesis by demonstrating the formation of nitrogencontaining amide bonds, which are critical to life’s biochemistry. What made Keller et al.’s reaction especially interesting is that they relied on a reactive intermediate molecule called a thioacid; but one cannot start with a thioacid because su ...
Cellular Respiration Explained
... made? The answer is in the mitochondria of cells. The overall reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2+ 6H2O+ Energy (ATP+ Heat). Notice that oxygen is required. When oxygen is used, it is called aerobic respiration. ANAEROBIC Respiration is called fermentation. No O2 used in fermentation. Without O2 there is ...
... made? The answer is in the mitochondria of cells. The overall reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2+ 6H2O+ Energy (ATP+ Heat). Notice that oxygen is required. When oxygen is used, it is called aerobic respiration. ANAEROBIC Respiration is called fermentation. No O2 used in fermentation. Without O2 there is ...
Chapter 5 The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
... monomers Three of the four classes of macromolecules—carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids—form chainlike molecules called polymers. A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. The repeated units are small molecules called ...
... monomers Three of the four classes of macromolecules—carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids—form chainlike molecules called polymers. A polymer is a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds. The repeated units are small molecules called ...
Slide 1
... • ∆S= entropy, measure of the disorder . In a spontaneous reaction entropy increases. • T= temperature, when temperature increases the spontaneous reaction is more likely to happen. • What makes ∆G decrease? – A decrease in ∆H – An increase in ∆S – An increase in T ...
... • ∆S= entropy, measure of the disorder . In a spontaneous reaction entropy increases. • T= temperature, when temperature increases the spontaneous reaction is more likely to happen. • What makes ∆G decrease? – A decrease in ∆H – An increase in ∆S – An increase in T ...
File
... undergoing breakdown (releasing energy), while others are being regenerated from ADP + Pi (using energy) • This means there is a ...
... undergoing breakdown (releasing energy), while others are being regenerated from ADP + Pi (using energy) • This means there is a ...
Chapter 1 Review Key
... 69. Answers may vary. Sample Answer: Carbon can covalently bond with four other atoms. Carbon can form straight chains, branching chains, and rings, which allow for a great variety of shapes and sizes in molecules. Carbon can form single, double, or triple bonds, forming structures of various streng ...
... 69. Answers may vary. Sample Answer: Carbon can covalently bond with four other atoms. Carbon can form straight chains, branching chains, and rings, which allow for a great variety of shapes and sizes in molecules. Carbon can form single, double, or triple bonds, forming structures of various streng ...
Ass3_ans - The University of Sydney
... The following information relates to questions 9 -18 (1 mark each). The oxidation of glucose is often summarised as the balanced equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 32 ADP + 32 P 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 32 ATP Of course, this misses out all the juicy steps of glucose transport, glycolysis, PDH, Krebs cycle, electro ...
... The following information relates to questions 9 -18 (1 mark each). The oxidation of glucose is often summarised as the balanced equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 32 ADP + 32 P 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 32 ATP Of course, this misses out all the juicy steps of glucose transport, glycolysis, PDH, Krebs cycle, electro ...
Chap 9 PowerPoint file (*)
... • Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as the fuel, but the primary source is glucose. • C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
... • Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be used as the fuel, but the primary source is glucose. • C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP + heat) ...
29
... to 8 week period because it generally takes this long for the person to reestablish normal red cell levels. The stored cells are re reinfused 1 to 7 days before an endurance event. As a result, the red cell count and haemoglobin level of the blood is often elevated some 8 to 20%. This hemoconcentrat ...
... to 8 week period because it generally takes this long for the person to reestablish normal red cell levels. The stored cells are re reinfused 1 to 7 days before an endurance event. As a result, the red cell count and haemoglobin level of the blood is often elevated some 8 to 20%. This hemoconcentrat ...
Ass3 - The University of Sydney
... The following information relates to questions 9 -18 (1 mark each). The oxidation of glucose is often summarised as the balanced equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 32 ADP + 32 P 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 32 ATP Of course, this misses out all the juicy steps of glucose transport, glycolysis, PDH, Krebs cycle, electro ...
... The following information relates to questions 9 -18 (1 mark each). The oxidation of glucose is often summarised as the balanced equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + 32 ADP + 32 P 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 32 ATP Of course, this misses out all the juicy steps of glucose transport, glycolysis, PDH, Krebs cycle, electro ...
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the minimal rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest. (McNab, B. K. 1997). On the Utility of Uniformity in the Definition of Basal Rate of Metabolism. Physiol. Zool. Vol.70; Metabolism refers to the processes that the body needs to function. Basal Metabolic Rate is the amount of energy expressed in calories that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) affects the rate that a person burns calories and ultimately whether you maintain, gain, or lose weight. Your basal metabolic rate accounts for about 60 to 75% of the calories you burn every day. It is influenced by several factors.