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... the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis into starch and fats. (see figure 4.15) Plant fats are triacylglycerols, but contain pre ...
... the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis into starch and fats. (see figure 4.15) Plant fats are triacylglycerols, but contain pre ...
Ch. 2 Notes Organic Chemistry
... Make chemical rxns happen in living organisms. Example: salivary amylase in saliva– begins process of digestion ...
... Make chemical rxns happen in living organisms. Example: salivary amylase in saliva– begins process of digestion ...
Energy
... As starvation continues, the brain and other tissues are able to switch over to producing up to 50% of their ATP from catabolizing ketone bodies instead of glucose. By the 40th day of starvation, metabolism has stabilized at the use of about 25 g of protein and 180 g of fat each day. So long as adeq ...
... As starvation continues, the brain and other tissues are able to switch over to producing up to 50% of their ATP from catabolizing ketone bodies instead of glucose. By the 40th day of starvation, metabolism has stabilized at the use of about 25 g of protein and 180 g of fat each day. So long as adeq ...
Enzyme - Northwest ISD Moodle
... •Protease ________ ___________ •Sucrase ________ ___________ •Lipase ________ ___________ ...
... •Protease ________ ___________ •Sucrase ________ ___________ •Lipase ________ ___________ ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... phospholipids, teichoic acid, capsular polysaccharides; also is required for signal transduction. - Phosphate (PO43-) is usually used as the P source. ...
... phospholipids, teichoic acid, capsular polysaccharides; also is required for signal transduction. - Phosphate (PO43-) is usually used as the P source. ...
CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2
... • enzymes lower the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. (activation energy) • begin to be destroyed above 45øC. (above this temperature all proteins begin to be destroyed) ...
... • enzymes lower the energy needed to start a chemical reaction. (activation energy) • begin to be destroyed above 45øC. (above this temperature all proteins begin to be destroyed) ...
Bauman Chapter 1 Answers to Critical Thinking Questions
... acceptor/donor and heme molecules are needed to form cytochromes, components of the electron transport chain. 10. Compare and contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation are all metabolic activities that capture t ...
... acceptor/donor and heme molecules are needed to form cytochromes, components of the electron transport chain. 10. Compare and contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. Aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration and fermentation are all metabolic activities that capture t ...
Review Sheet for Exam Two
... should know the names and structures of the intermediates in pathways and the roles of the specific proteins and cofactors associated with those pathways. You should also know the roles of regulatory molecules associated with pathways and the logic behind the regulation (i.e. why is citrate an activ ...
... should know the names and structures of the intermediates in pathways and the roles of the specific proteins and cofactors associated with those pathways. You should also know the roles of regulatory molecules associated with pathways and the logic behind the regulation (i.e. why is citrate an activ ...
Proteins - Chavis Biology
... 1. Amino acids are linked by hydrolysis, a process that splits molecules of water as the amino acid subunits are linked together. 2. R groups are identical on the different amino acids. ...
... 1. Amino acids are linked by hydrolysis, a process that splits molecules of water as the amino acid subunits are linked together. 2. R groups are identical on the different amino acids. ...
Function of prostaglandins
... adjacent cells that carry specific prostaglandin receptors in their membranes. The influence, which prostaglandins have, depends upon the type of tissue they are acting upon. Such action may be direct, or as a result of modifying the actions of other signaling molecules. One of their effects is to s ...
... adjacent cells that carry specific prostaglandin receptors in their membranes. The influence, which prostaglandins have, depends upon the type of tissue they are acting upon. Such action may be direct, or as a result of modifying the actions of other signaling molecules. One of their effects is to s ...
macromolecules notes
... -is made of glucose + glucose -formula = C12H22O11 H2O 3. Polysaccharides (Complex carbohydrates) a. Glycogen -used by animals to store extra sugar -sometimes called ‘animal starch’ -made entirely of α-glucose with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds -is highly branched molecule in the form of granules Glycogen ...
... -is made of glucose + glucose -formula = C12H22O11 H2O 3. Polysaccharides (Complex carbohydrates) a. Glycogen -used by animals to store extra sugar -sometimes called ‘animal starch’ -made entirely of α-glucose with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds -is highly branched molecule in the form of granules Glycogen ...
Document
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
Document
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
... -Unmodified glucose reacts with oxidizing agents such as Cu2+ because the open-chain form has a free aldehyde group that is readily oxidized.(=reducing sugar) -Methyl glucopyranoside do not react .(=non-reducing sugar) -Glucose react with hemoglobin to form glycosylated hemoglobin. diabete ...
Carbon Compounds 2-3 Foldable Instructions
... All living things are made up carbon and a combination of other elements referred to as biomolecules Biomolecules are very large molecules called macromolecules. Each macromolecule is made up of small individual units called monomers The macromolecules are formed by a ...
... All living things are made up carbon and a combination of other elements referred to as biomolecules Biomolecules are very large molecules called macromolecules. Each macromolecule is made up of small individual units called monomers The macromolecules are formed by a ...
PowerPoint Learning Quest
... C12H22O11. Disaccharides are also very good sources of energy, but require to be digested. ...
... C12H22O11. Disaccharides are also very good sources of energy, but require to be digested. ...
Organic Chemistry #2 Vocabulary Adhesion Cohesion Atom
... proteins in food. Pepsin works within the stomach. Trypsin works in the small intestine. Part A: What does the graph indicate about the pH of the stomach and small intestine? ______The graph shows that pepsin functions best in a low-pH (acidic) environment suggesting that the somach has a pH between ...
... proteins in food. Pepsin works within the stomach. Trypsin works in the small intestine. Part A: What does the graph indicate about the pH of the stomach and small intestine? ______The graph shows that pepsin functions best in a low-pH (acidic) environment suggesting that the somach has a pH between ...
biochem 37 [4-20
... 9. How is the transport of glucose different from Amino Acid tranpsort? only intestinal and kidney cells use the Na+ system when transporting glucose 10. Describe the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (4 stages). How is its specificity modified? Can you give some examples? For which AAs is the pathway ...
... 9. How is the transport of glucose different from Amino Acid tranpsort? only intestinal and kidney cells use the Na+ system when transporting glucose 10. Describe the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (4 stages). How is its specificity modified? Can you give some examples? For which AAs is the pathway ...
enzymes
... Enzymes • Natural organic catalysts made of protein that lower the activation energy so a reaction can occur fast enough for cell to survive ...
... Enzymes • Natural organic catalysts made of protein that lower the activation energy so a reaction can occur fast enough for cell to survive ...
Yr12Ch12 - ChemistryVCE
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
Chapter 12 Pathways to biomolecules
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
... lactase – which breaks down the sugar lactose in the small intestine salivary amylase – which breaks down polysaccharides in the mouth. Almost all the chemical reactions occurring in living creatures are controlled by enzymes. Enzymes speed up the reactions that are essential for life processes by a ...
File - Pi Beta Philes!
... break down proteins in vital organs like heart and liver later as starvation continues b. The body breaks down it own proteins, giving no priority to tissues such as heart or liver over muscle c. There is a specific storage protein, found in the liver, which will be broken down initially before othe ...
... break down proteins in vital organs like heart and liver later as starvation continues b. The body breaks down it own proteins, giving no priority to tissues such as heart or liver over muscle c. There is a specific storage protein, found in the liver, which will be broken down initially before othe ...
File - all.about.gold
... Stearic acid - It occurs in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.The cocoa butter and shea butter whose fatty acids consist of 28–45% stearic acid. Beeswax - is a natural wax produced in the bee hive of honey bees of the genus Apis. It is mainly esters of fatty acids and various long chain al ...
... Stearic acid - It occurs in many animal and vegetable fats and oils.The cocoa butter and shea butter whose fatty acids consist of 28–45% stearic acid. Beeswax - is a natural wax produced in the bee hive of honey bees of the genus Apis. It is mainly esters of fatty acids and various long chain al ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.