breakdown of complex organic molecules into the simplest, stable
... infinite number of enzymes would be needed --- lignin degradation occurs in the same way it is formed, by random free radical attack via peroxidases produced by some bacteria and fungi --- woody plants use lignin as a means of defending and supporting cellulose fibers, lignin degradation is a slow p ...
... infinite number of enzymes would be needed --- lignin degradation occurs in the same way it is formed, by random free radical attack via peroxidases produced by some bacteria and fungi --- woody plants use lignin as a means of defending and supporting cellulose fibers, lignin degradation is a slow p ...
document
... During exercise pyruvic acid build up in a muscle faster than it can be oxidized and then is turn into lactic acid and removed in the bloodstream. After exercise stop oxygen is still needed, the build up of lactic acid is called an oxygen debt. ...
... During exercise pyruvic acid build up in a muscle faster than it can be oxidized and then is turn into lactic acid and removed in the bloodstream. After exercise stop oxygen is still needed, the build up of lactic acid is called an oxygen debt. ...
Enzyme Notes - Ms. Fox's Science Spot
... • Enzymes lower the activation energy – They make it easier for the reaction to start like lowering a hurdle energy (kJ) ...
... • Enzymes lower the activation energy – They make it easier for the reaction to start like lowering a hurdle energy (kJ) ...
الشريحة 1
... The smallest particles can pass between the inner surfaces of the folds into the basal groove and they are then carried towards the mouth. The medium-sized ones can enter between the inner surface of the folds and transport into the two expansions of the lateral lips called the ventral sacs and also ...
... The smallest particles can pass between the inner surfaces of the folds into the basal groove and they are then carried towards the mouth. The medium-sized ones can enter between the inner surface of the folds and transport into the two expansions of the lateral lips called the ventral sacs and also ...
Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract
... • Vitelline cord – attaches ileum to umbilicus • Meckel’s diverticulum – persistent proximal part of vitelline duct occurs in 2% of normal individuals Combinations of the above may also occur Persistent vitelline duct of any degree may contain ectopic gastric mucosa ad pancreatic acini causing intes ...
... • Vitelline cord – attaches ileum to umbilicus • Meckel’s diverticulum – persistent proximal part of vitelline duct occurs in 2% of normal individuals Combinations of the above may also occur Persistent vitelline duct of any degree may contain ectopic gastric mucosa ad pancreatic acini causing intes ...
SLG MOCK MIDTERM – FOR PRACTICE ONLY
... A) Organic molecules that formed the building blocks of life could not have been formed given the conditions that prevailed on primitive Earth. B) Organic molecules that formed the building blocks of life could have been formed given the conditions that prevailed on primitive Earth. C) That life dev ...
... A) Organic molecules that formed the building blocks of life could not have been formed given the conditions that prevailed on primitive Earth. B) Organic molecules that formed the building blocks of life could have been formed given the conditions that prevailed on primitive Earth. C) That life dev ...
Unit I - E
... and 7.0. A pH of 5.0 is the minimum urinary pH. The acid secretion includes inorganic acids such as phosphate and ammonium ions, as well as uric acid, dicarboxylic acids, and tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid E. Hydrochloric Acid ...
... and 7.0. A pH of 5.0 is the minimum urinary pH. The acid secretion includes inorganic acids such as phosphate and ammonium ions, as well as uric acid, dicarboxylic acids, and tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid E. Hydrochloric Acid ...
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY ADVANCED PLACEMENT TEST (SAMPLE)
... 1. Which of the following statements about the biophysical property of water is INCORRECT? A. Water molecule forms H-bonds B. Water retains heat well C. Water is dielectrict D. Water at freezing point has the highest density E. Water is polar 2. Which of the following is NOT a strong electrolyte and ...
... 1. Which of the following statements about the biophysical property of water is INCORRECT? A. Water molecule forms H-bonds B. Water retains heat well C. Water is dielectrict D. Water at freezing point has the highest density E. Water is polar 2. Which of the following is NOT a strong electrolyte and ...
www.eastpenn.k12.pa.us
... -Lipids are polymers formed from two monomers: glycerol and fatty acids -Saturated: when each carbon atom in the fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond. Saturated means the fatty acids contain the max possible number of hydrogen atoms (butter, cheese, meat contain a lot o ...
... -Lipids are polymers formed from two monomers: glycerol and fatty acids -Saturated: when each carbon atom in the fatty acid chain is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond. Saturated means the fatty acids contain the max possible number of hydrogen atoms (butter, cheese, meat contain a lot o ...
3.27.12 lecture protein
... Nutritional Value of Microbial Proteins 1996 NRC for Beef Microbial protein 80% digestible in the intestine UIP 80% digestible in the intestine 2001 NRC for Dairy and Level 1 CNCPS Microbial protein 80% digestible in the intestine Digestibility of RUP (UIP) is variable in Dairy NRC UIP 80% digestib ...
... Nutritional Value of Microbial Proteins 1996 NRC for Beef Microbial protein 80% digestible in the intestine UIP 80% digestible in the intestine 2001 NRC for Dairy and Level 1 CNCPS Microbial protein 80% digestible in the intestine Digestibility of RUP (UIP) is variable in Dairy NRC UIP 80% digestib ...
BIOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF LIFE
... Phospholipids contain a phosphate head and 2 lipid tails. The phosphate is said to be ______________________(attracted to water). The lipid tails are ________________________(not attracted to water). In most cells, the plasma membrane also contains cholesterol molecules. Also, carbohydrates are atta ...
... Phospholipids contain a phosphate head and 2 lipid tails. The phosphate is said to be ______________________(attracted to water). The lipid tails are ________________________(not attracted to water). In most cells, the plasma membrane also contains cholesterol molecules. Also, carbohydrates are atta ...
Prey Food Quality Affects Flagellate Ingestion Rates | SpringerLink
... rather than variability due to an individual element. Bacterial cell size is a function of growth rate: rapidly growing cells are larger than slowly growing cells. Bacteria used as prey were generated in chemostats where dilution (growth) rate was manipulated to generate cells of differing food qual ...
... rather than variability due to an individual element. Bacterial cell size is a function of growth rate: rapidly growing cells are larger than slowly growing cells. Bacteria used as prey were generated in chemostats where dilution (growth) rate was manipulated to generate cells of differing food qual ...
essential nutrition - Ortho Molecular Products
... maintain glycemic balance and help individuals on specialty diets easily adhere to their prescribed meal plan. ...
... maintain glycemic balance and help individuals on specialty diets easily adhere to their prescribed meal plan. ...
Mitochondria and Cellular Respiration
... These links thus permit the respiration of excess fats and proteins in the diet. No special mechanism of cellular respiration is needed by those animals that depend largely on ingested fats (e.g., many birds) or proteins (e.g., carnivores) for their energy supply. Much of the protein we consume is u ...
... These links thus permit the respiration of excess fats and proteins in the diet. No special mechanism of cellular respiration is needed by those animals that depend largely on ingested fats (e.g., many birds) or proteins (e.g., carnivores) for their energy supply. Much of the protein we consume is u ...
Chemistry SL HL Assessment Statements 2009 Revised
... Both are polymers of glucose units. Starch has two forms: amylose, which is a straight-chain polymer (α‑1,4 linkage), and amylopectin, which is a branched structure with both α‑1,4 and α‑1,6 linkages. Cellulose has a β‑1,4 linkage; this can be hydrolysed by the enzyme cellulase, which is absent in m ...
... Both are polymers of glucose units. Starch has two forms: amylose, which is a straight-chain polymer (α‑1,4 linkage), and amylopectin, which is a branched structure with both α‑1,4 and α‑1,6 linkages. Cellulose has a β‑1,4 linkage; this can be hydrolysed by the enzyme cellulase, which is absent in m ...
Mary Enzyme with clay14
... ¡ Denature: A change in the shape of an enzyme that makes it useless. The substrate no longer “fits” into the active site. ¡ Specific: Each enzyme does a specific job ¡ Substrate: Each enzyme binds to a specific reactant, or substrate ¡ Active site: Where the substrate fits into the enzyme ¡ ...
... ¡ Denature: A change in the shape of an enzyme that makes it useless. The substrate no longer “fits” into the active site. ¡ Specific: Each enzyme does a specific job ¡ Substrate: Each enzyme binds to a specific reactant, or substrate ¡ Active site: Where the substrate fits into the enzyme ¡ ...
Semen, Saliva, Urine And Feces
... Semen: Confirmatory Tests 2. RSID- Semen (Rapid Stain Identification) Test for presence of semenogelin No cross reactivity with other body fluids or animals ...
... Semen: Confirmatory Tests 2. RSID- Semen (Rapid Stain Identification) Test for presence of semenogelin No cross reactivity with other body fluids or animals ...
Cataplex B - Dr. Scott Graves
... example, is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into simple sugar, which the body then oxidizes to produce energy for all the cells. Niacin (vitamin B3) is a coenzyme essential for cell respiration, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid synthesis. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) performs ma ...
... example, is responsible for breaking down carbohydrates into simple sugar, which the body then oxidizes to produce energy for all the cells. Niacin (vitamin B3) is a coenzyme essential for cell respiration, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid synthesis. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) performs ma ...
BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE City
... At BMCC, the maximum number of absences is limited to one more hour than the number of hours a class meets in one week. For example, you may be enrolled in a three-hour class. In that class, you would be allowed 4 hours of absence (not 4 days). In the case of excessive absences, the instructor has t ...
... At BMCC, the maximum number of absences is limited to one more hour than the number of hours a class meets in one week. For example, you may be enrolled in a three-hour class. In that class, you would be allowed 4 hours of absence (not 4 days). In the case of excessive absences, the instructor has t ...
Cellular Respiration
... energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules; O2 is required 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP 3 Major sets of reactions – glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain Fermentation (anaerobic) – process that releases energy from food without O2 – Fig. 9-4 2 Major sets of reacti ...
... energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules; O2 is required 6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP 3 Major sets of reactions – glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain Fermentation (anaerobic) – process that releases energy from food without O2 – Fig. 9-4 2 Major sets of reacti ...
Protein
... essential amino acids are required for protein synthesis • Distinguish between high quality and low quality proteins and list sources of each • Describe how 2 low quality proteins can be complementary to each other to provide the required amounts of essential amino acids ...
... essential amino acids are required for protein synthesis • Distinguish between high quality and low quality proteins and list sources of each • Describe how 2 low quality proteins can be complementary to each other to provide the required amounts of essential amino acids ...
Chapter 11 Problem Set
... The shape of the curve indicates that at low compressive forces, the lipids in the surface monolayer behave as if they are in a two-dimensional gas phase wherein they are not packed closely with one another. As force is increased further, they form a 2-D liquid and the surface area each molecule occ ...
... The shape of the curve indicates that at low compressive forces, the lipids in the surface monolayer behave as if they are in a two-dimensional gas phase wherein they are not packed closely with one another. As force is increased further, they form a 2-D liquid and the surface area each molecule occ ...
(3-D Molecules (key))
... 11: gray, white, green, blue, teal, blue-gray, orange, red, violet, peach, yellow ...
... 11: gray, white, green, blue, teal, blue-gray, orange, red, violet, peach, yellow ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.