Lactobacillus plantarum - UEF Electronic Publications
... environmental niches due to their large adaptation capacity. They are responsible for the fermentation of many fermented food and feed products because they can transform sugars into organic acids and decrease the pH of the medium. This acidification prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria, makin ...
... environmental niches due to their large adaptation capacity. They are responsible for the fermentation of many fermented food and feed products because they can transform sugars into organic acids and decrease the pH of the medium. This acidification prevents the growth of pathogenic bacteria, makin ...
Correlation between the respiration-driven Na+ pump
... et al. (1992) classified 23 strains of moderately halophilic endospore-forming Gram-positive rods into two groups, which were different from those of other previously described Bacillus species. Therefore, it is interesting to further investigate other Gram-positive moderate halophiles from the bioe ...
... et al. (1992) classified 23 strains of moderately halophilic endospore-forming Gram-positive rods into two groups, which were different from those of other previously described Bacillus species. Therefore, it is interesting to further investigate other Gram-positive moderate halophiles from the bioe ...
06_Metabolism of lipid
... bind the water-soluble lipase to the lipid substrates. Colipase also activates lipase. Bile salts (salts of bile acids) are required for lipids digestion. Bile salts are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. Taurocholate and glycocholate - the most abundant bile salts. Amphipathic: hydrophilic ...
... bind the water-soluble lipase to the lipid substrates. Colipase also activates lipase. Bile salts (salts of bile acids) are required for lipids digestion. Bile salts are synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. Taurocholate and glycocholate - the most abundant bile salts. Amphipathic: hydrophilic ...
4. characterisation of novel proteins
... studies using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids demonstrated that the proteins would be readily degraded as normal dietary protein. Separate acute oral toxicity studies in mice with the PjΔ6D and NcΔ15D proteins, purified from MON87769 immature seed, also confirmed the absence of toxicity. In ...
... studies using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids demonstrated that the proteins would be readily degraded as normal dietary protein. Separate acute oral toxicity studies in mice with the PjΔ6D and NcΔ15D proteins, purified from MON87769 immature seed, also confirmed the absence of toxicity. In ...
aminoacids
... Cofactors for many enzymes No role as energy substrate No digestion (directly absorbed) ...
... Cofactors for many enzymes No role as energy substrate No digestion (directly absorbed) ...
The Enzymic Activity of the Outer Shell of
... In previous work (Hughes, 1962 ;Francis, Hughes, Kornberg &. Phizackerly, 1963) it was shown that the outer shells of many aerobic bacteria may be prepared by crushing the organisms in a Hughes (1951) press and removing the cytoplasmic contents by washing and centrifugation. Such preparations have b ...
... In previous work (Hughes, 1962 ;Francis, Hughes, Kornberg &. Phizackerly, 1963) it was shown that the outer shells of many aerobic bacteria may be prepared by crushing the organisms in a Hughes (1951) press and removing the cytoplasmic contents by washing and centrifugation. Such preparations have b ...
The Enzymic Activity of the Outer Shell of
... In previous work (Hughes, 1962 ;Francis, Hughes, Kornberg &. Phizackerly, 1963) it was shown that the outer shells of many aerobic bacteria may be prepared by crushing the organisms in a Hughes (1951) press and removing the cytoplasmic contents by washing and centrifugation. Such preparations have b ...
... In previous work (Hughes, 1962 ;Francis, Hughes, Kornberg &. Phizackerly, 1963) it was shown that the outer shells of many aerobic bacteria may be prepared by crushing the organisms in a Hughes (1951) press and removing the cytoplasmic contents by washing and centrifugation. Such preparations have b ...
Metabolism
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
... smaller polysaccharides (dextrins), maltose, and some glucose. • In the small intestine, pancreatic amylase hydrolyzes dextrins to maltose and glucose. • The disaccharides maltose, lactose, and sucrose are hydrolyzed to monosaccharides. • The monosaccharides enter the bloodstream for transport to th ...
GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORS: A GLUCOSE SENSOR ROLE IN PANCREATIC ISLETS AND HEPATOCYTE
... while hydrophobic pocket 3 accommodates bigger hydrophobic groups. This class also shows specific hydrogen bond formation with the Arg63 backbone. Ligands having carboxyl group attached to ...
... while hydrophobic pocket 3 accommodates bigger hydrophobic groups. This class also shows specific hydrogen bond formation with the Arg63 backbone. Ligands having carboxyl group attached to ...
Gluconeogenesis - Creighton Chemistry Webserver
... Glucagon - released by pancreas to signal low blood sugar ...
... Glucagon - released by pancreas to signal low blood sugar ...
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases - Micro-Rao
... that most of the plasmid mediated beta-lactamases may have their origin in bacterial chromosomes. Genes coding for beta-lactamases are also present on transposons or insertion sequences, resulting in their dissemination among different plasmids. The Ω-loop, which is a conserved structural feature o ...
... that most of the plasmid mediated beta-lactamases may have their origin in bacterial chromosomes. Genes coding for beta-lactamases are also present on transposons or insertion sequences, resulting in their dissemination among different plasmids. The Ω-loop, which is a conserved structural feature o ...
Dietary Branched-chain Amino Acids Suppress the Expression of
... regulation of amylase mRNA levels. Although we also examined changes in insulin levels in the early stages of feeding, the relation of insulin levels in the early feeding period to pancreatic amylase activity cannot be determined due to large variation in insulin levels (data not shown). Because exo ...
... regulation of amylase mRNA levels. Although we also examined changes in insulin levels in the early stages of feeding, the relation of insulin levels in the early feeding period to pancreatic amylase activity cannot be determined due to large variation in insulin levels (data not shown). Because exo ...
Glucose Regulation by Dr Sarma
... must trigger Glucose uptake stimulates insulin secretion in to the blood stream– Second signal ...
... must trigger Glucose uptake stimulates insulin secretion in to the blood stream– Second signal ...
ADP
... Glycolipid, is the compound constituted by saccharide and lipid. Glycoprotein, is the compound constituted by saccharide and protein. Proteoglycans, is the structural elements in connective tissues. ...
... Glycolipid, is the compound constituted by saccharide and lipid. Glycoprotein, is the compound constituted by saccharide and protein. Proteoglycans, is the structural elements in connective tissues. ...
Chapter 1.1 Fatty Acid Synthesis - DORAS
... and is common to almost all cells including bacteria, yeasts, algae, higher plants and animals (Calder & Burdge, 2004). This activity is catalysed by a wide range of desaturase enzymes, which are classified according to the location on the carbon chain where they insert a double bond (Figure 1.1.2). ...
... and is common to almost all cells including bacteria, yeasts, algae, higher plants and animals (Calder & Burdge, 2004). This activity is catalysed by a wide range of desaturase enzymes, which are classified according to the location on the carbon chain where they insert a double bond (Figure 1.1.2). ...
A Research on the Composition of Pomegranate Molasses
... pomegranate molasses is commonly used in salads and many dishes in Turkey (Marti et al., 2001; Poyrazoğlu et al., 2002; Altan and Maskan, 2005; Maskan, 2006). Turkey is one of the leading producers of pomegranate e.g. 127.760 tons in 2008 (Anonymous, 2009). In recent years, pomegranate has become a ...
... pomegranate molasses is commonly used in salads and many dishes in Turkey (Marti et al., 2001; Poyrazoğlu et al., 2002; Altan and Maskan, 2005; Maskan, 2006). Turkey is one of the leading producers of pomegranate e.g. 127.760 tons in 2008 (Anonymous, 2009). In recent years, pomegranate has become a ...
ATP
... energy-rich compounds to cellular reactions requiring it. It is by far the most abundant and the most important energy transferring compound used by cells. ...
... energy-rich compounds to cellular reactions requiring it. It is by far the most abundant and the most important energy transferring compound used by cells. ...
Martin R Adams, Maurice O Moss
... can trap light energy and use it to synthesize large molecules from carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts forming the proteins, fats and carbohydrates which all other living creatures use for food. Within and on the bodies of all living creatures, as well as in soil and water, micro-organisms buil ...
... can trap light energy and use it to synthesize large molecules from carbon dioxide, water and mineral salts forming the proteins, fats and carbohydrates which all other living creatures use for food. Within and on the bodies of all living creatures, as well as in soil and water, micro-organisms buil ...
Biology: Concepts and Connections, 6e (Campbell)
... from easily attaching to reactants. This would slow vital body reactions. E) Elevated body temperatures easily break the covalent bonds linking biologically important molecules. This will cause a general breakdown of cell structures. Answer: B Topic: 5.15 Skill: Application 49) Heating inactivates e ...
... from easily attaching to reactants. This would slow vital body reactions. E) Elevated body temperatures easily break the covalent bonds linking biologically important molecules. This will cause a general breakdown of cell structures. Answer: B Topic: 5.15 Skill: Application 49) Heating inactivates e ...
Pharm Ch 30 Pancreatic Anatomy Exocrine portion constitutes 99
... After meal, complex carbs broken down to monosaccharides in lumen of GI tract and transported into GI epithelial cells by combo of active and passive apical membrane transporters o Sugars transported by basal membrane transporters from epithelial cell cytosol to intercellular spaces, from which su ...
... After meal, complex carbs broken down to monosaccharides in lumen of GI tract and transported into GI epithelial cells by combo of active and passive apical membrane transporters o Sugars transported by basal membrane transporters from epithelial cell cytosol to intercellular spaces, from which su ...
The metabolism of glucose by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
... this organism has a strong mechanism for the oxidation of bo-tti of these compoionds, they concluded that these acids were being formed and removed at a continuous rate during the growth process. ...
... this organism has a strong mechanism for the oxidation of bo-tti of these compoionds, they concluded that these acids were being formed and removed at a continuous rate during the growth process. ...
... collagen from fins (28.1±2.2) and arms (22.3±3.3), compared with hydrolysates obtained with trypsin using collagen from fins (24±2.8) and arms (15.4±2.2). Although the bioactivity of proteins may be increased by hydrolysis with specific enzymes, producing peptides that might be more chemically inter ...
Enzymes - دانشکده پزشکی
... Little activity at low temperature (low number of collisions) Rate increases with temperature (more successful collisions); rate doubles for every 10°C increase in temperature Most active at optimum temperatures (usually 37 oC in humans) Enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms display m ...
... Little activity at low temperature (low number of collisions) Rate increases with temperature (more successful collisions); rate doubles for every 10°C increase in temperature Most active at optimum temperatures (usually 37 oC in humans) Enzymes isolated from thermophilic organisms display m ...
Why should we study B12 and Folate? Deficiencies in both are still
... a. Methylation of Cobalamin b. Addition of the C8 carbon on purine synthesis c. Addition of the C2 carbon in purine synthesis d. Methylation of uracil to make thymidine e. Serine-glycine hydroxymethyl transferase (it makes methyl THF in reverse or uses methyl THF to make serine) 9. Describe the fola ...
... a. Methylation of Cobalamin b. Addition of the C8 carbon on purine synthesis c. Addition of the C2 carbon in purine synthesis d. Methylation of uracil to make thymidine e. Serine-glycine hydroxymethyl transferase (it makes methyl THF in reverse or uses methyl THF to make serine) 9. Describe the fola ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.