workshops: absences: examinations: textbook
... Charge Chemical reactivity Cysteine can form disulphide bonds known as cystine. LECTURE 2 The Principal Aspects of Protein Structure Objectives: To emphasise that amino acids join to form polypeptide chains (proteins), and how the sequences of these chains, the Primary Structure, are unique to any g ...
... Charge Chemical reactivity Cysteine can form disulphide bonds known as cystine. LECTURE 2 The Principal Aspects of Protein Structure Objectives: To emphasise that amino acids join to form polypeptide chains (proteins), and how the sequences of these chains, the Primary Structure, are unique to any g ...
Lipids Metabolism - GIT
... Ketone Bodies • Liver mitochondria can convert acetyl CoA derived from the oxidation of fatty acids to ketone bodies which are: 1- Acetoacetate 2- 3-hydroxybutyrate (or b-hydroxybutyrate) 3- Acetone (nonmetabolized side product) • Acetoacetate & 3-hydroxybutyrate synthesized in the liver are transp ...
... Ketone Bodies • Liver mitochondria can convert acetyl CoA derived from the oxidation of fatty acids to ketone bodies which are: 1- Acetoacetate 2- 3-hydroxybutyrate (or b-hydroxybutyrate) 3- Acetone (nonmetabolized side product) • Acetoacetate & 3-hydroxybutyrate synthesized in the liver are transp ...
B2 - Enzymes
... to describe how enzymes are used everyday Starter: Which of these uses enzymes? ...
... to describe how enzymes are used everyday Starter: Which of these uses enzymes? ...
Slide 1
... Ketone Bodies • Liver mitochondria can convert acetyl CoA derived from the oxidation of fatty acids to ketone bodies which are: 1- Acetoacetate 2- 3-hydroxybutyrate (or b-hydroxybutyrate) 3- Acetone (nonmetabolized side product) • Acetoacetate & 3-hydroxybutyrate synthesized in the liver are transp ...
... Ketone Bodies • Liver mitochondria can convert acetyl CoA derived from the oxidation of fatty acids to ketone bodies which are: 1- Acetoacetate 2- 3-hydroxybutyrate (or b-hydroxybutyrate) 3- Acetone (nonmetabolized side product) • Acetoacetate & 3-hydroxybutyrate synthesized in the liver are transp ...
Metabolism Summary
... when cellular ATP levels are high. •The rate of citric acid cycle is increased when ATP supplies are low and ADP levels are high. ...
... when cellular ATP levels are high. •The rate of citric acid cycle is increased when ATP supplies are low and ADP levels are high. ...
Structural studies into ketosteroid dehydrogenases and S
... ring degradation. The enzymes are abundantly present in actinobacteria, including the catabolic powerhouse Rhodococcus jostii and the pathogenic species R. equi and M. tuberculosis. These enzymes are of interest for the synthesis of steroid-based pharmaceuticals, for the biotechnological production ...
... ring degradation. The enzymes are abundantly present in actinobacteria, including the catabolic powerhouse Rhodococcus jostii and the pathogenic species R. equi and M. tuberculosis. These enzymes are of interest for the synthesis of steroid-based pharmaceuticals, for the biotechnological production ...
Identification of Pseudomonas proteins coordinately
... Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are microorganisms with a potential to enhance crop yields. They can contribute to plant growth by biofertilization, by secretion of growth hormones or by the production of antibiotics that control pathogenic fungi and competing bacteria (Bloemberg & Lugt ...
... Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are microorganisms with a potential to enhance crop yields. They can contribute to plant growth by biofertilization, by secretion of growth hormones or by the production of antibiotics that control pathogenic fungi and competing bacteria (Bloemberg & Lugt ...
MS PowerPoint - Catalysis Eprints database
... stabilized by donation or acceptance of H+, which is done by water , normal acids or bases . In the active site of an enzyme, a number of amino acid side chains act as proton donors and acceptors These groups are precisely positioned in enzyme active site to allow proton transfer providing rate en ...
... stabilized by donation or acceptance of H+, which is done by water , normal acids or bases . In the active site of an enzyme, a number of amino acid side chains act as proton donors and acceptors These groups are precisely positioned in enzyme active site to allow proton transfer providing rate en ...
December 9, 2005 12:54 WSPC/INSTRUCTION FILE jbcb1 THE
... second and third column was arbitrary. We now present four reasons for choosing the column order (mixed codons) as shown in Fig.2: (i) The codon-reverse codon symmetry, and (ii) the sense-antisense symmetry are revealed only by the chosen order. (iii) In each quadrant of the scheme the second positi ...
... second and third column was arbitrary. We now present four reasons for choosing the column order (mixed codons) as shown in Fig.2: (i) The codon-reverse codon symmetry, and (ii) the sense-antisense symmetry are revealed only by the chosen order. (iii) In each quadrant of the scheme the second positi ...
Chapter 20. Proteins
... that leads to the most stable, "comfortable" structure for the protein. How a protein folds is largely dictated by the primary sequence of amino acids. Each amino acid in the sequence will associate with other amino acids to conserve the most energy. This structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, h ...
... that leads to the most stable, "comfortable" structure for the protein. How a protein folds is largely dictated by the primary sequence of amino acids. Each amino acid in the sequence will associate with other amino acids to conserve the most energy. This structure is stabilized by hydrogen bonds, h ...
The Metabolic Significance of the Citric Acid Cycle in
... (a) Isolation of gkutamic and aspartic acids. Each sample of extracted cells was hydrolysed in a sealed vessel at 105' for 18 hr. with a mixture of equal parts of lON-HC1 and glacial acetic acid. After evaporation to dryness, the residue was dissolved in water and a portion retained for chromatograp ...
... (a) Isolation of gkutamic and aspartic acids. Each sample of extracted cells was hydrolysed in a sealed vessel at 105' for 18 hr. with a mixture of equal parts of lON-HC1 and glacial acetic acid. After evaporation to dryness, the residue was dissolved in water and a portion retained for chromatograp ...
Enzymatic
... 1. Why are enzymes important in Biology? What are Enzymes? 2. What are enzymes and what do they do? 3. What must all living things do in order to survive? 4. What is metabolism? 5. What are two of the most important types of chemical reactions? 6. What is hydrolysis? 7. What are polymers? 8. What ar ...
... 1. Why are enzymes important in Biology? What are Enzymes? 2. What are enzymes and what do they do? 3. What must all living things do in order to survive? 4. What is metabolism? 5. What are two of the most important types of chemical reactions? 6. What is hydrolysis? 7. What are polymers? 8. What ar ...
... Choice A: The aminoacyl synthetase that attaches Ala to the correct tRNA can also, by mistake, attach the amino acid Gly. If Gly is attached, then it is removed by hydrolysis at a separate editing site on the enzyme. Based on the structure of these amino acids, provide a sketch or description of the ...
TheraGest - ProThera
... down fat, carbohydrate, and protein. Digestive enzymes assist the body in breaking down large food particles into smaller particles that can be efficiently absorbed by the intestinal tract. Improper digestion can lead to abdominal discomfort such as bloating, feeling of fullness and constipation as ...
... down fat, carbohydrate, and protein. Digestive enzymes assist the body in breaking down large food particles into smaller particles that can be efficiently absorbed by the intestinal tract. Improper digestion can lead to abdominal discomfort such as bloating, feeling of fullness and constipation as ...
Close relationship between non-viral retroposons in Drosophila
... prompted us to search for additional matches between F-orf2, the 859 amino acid long open reading frame encoded by F elements that includes the reverse transcriptase-like domain (16), and other G3A encoded orfs. Segments from seven adjacent orfs (A to G infig.3) distributed on the three reading fram ...
... prompted us to search for additional matches between F-orf2, the 859 amino acid long open reading frame encoded by F elements that includes the reverse transcriptase-like domain (16), and other G3A encoded orfs. Segments from seven adjacent orfs (A to G infig.3) distributed on the three reading fram ...
Amino Acid Transport Systems in Animal Cells
... The relation between Systems A and L is the most interesting one, because essentially all the neutral amino acids are to some degree transported by both of these systems, although in different proportions. Because System A characteristically is strongly concentrative, and System L more weakly so, it ...
... The relation between Systems A and L is the most interesting one, because essentially all the neutral amino acids are to some degree transported by both of these systems, although in different proportions. Because System A characteristically is strongly concentrative, and System L more weakly so, it ...
a source of carbon , essential amino acids , essential fatty acids
... •Insects require basically the same nutrients as most other animals: a source of carbon , essential amino acids , essential fatty acids , inorganic salts , vitamins and a source of sterol. Water is also an essential nutrient. •Essential Nutrients are nutrients that require a diet source since they c ...
... •Insects require basically the same nutrients as most other animals: a source of carbon , essential amino acids , essential fatty acids , inorganic salts , vitamins and a source of sterol. Water is also an essential nutrient. •Essential Nutrients are nutrients that require a diet source since they c ...
B7 Enzymes
... B.7.4 Determine Vmax and the value of the Michaelis constant (Km) by graphical means and explain its significance. (3) B.7.5 Describe the mechanism of enzyme action, including enzyme substrate complex, active site and induced fit model. (2) B.7.6 Compare competitive inhibition and non-competitive in ...
... B.7.4 Determine Vmax and the value of the Michaelis constant (Km) by graphical means and explain its significance. (3) B.7.5 Describe the mechanism of enzyme action, including enzyme substrate complex, active site and induced fit model. (2) B.7.6 Compare competitive inhibition and non-competitive in ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.