G. M. Tielens Hellemond, Fred R. Opperdoes and Aloysius Susanne
... in procyclic cells (7). The incubations performed with [U-14C]glycerol showed that, in the presence of both substrates, next to glucose, a considerable amount of glycerol was consumed, which was mainly metabolized into succinate (Fig. 1B). A minor part of the consumed glycerol was degraded to acetat ...
... in procyclic cells (7). The incubations performed with [U-14C]glycerol showed that, in the presence of both substrates, next to glucose, a considerable amount of glycerol was consumed, which was mainly metabolized into succinate (Fig. 1B). A minor part of the consumed glycerol was degraded to acetat ...
Ch02_lecture
... Molecules: two or more atoms of one or more elements held together by interactions among their outermost electron shells • Atoms interact with one another according to two basic principles: • An inert atom will not react with other atoms when its outermost electron shell is completely full or empt ...
... Molecules: two or more atoms of one or more elements held together by interactions among their outermost electron shells • Atoms interact with one another according to two basic principles: • An inert atom will not react with other atoms when its outermost electron shell is completely full or empt ...
Section 2 Molecules of Life
... • Functional groups are groups of atoms that influence the properties of molecules and the chemical reactions in which the molecules participate. ...
... • Functional groups are groups of atoms that influence the properties of molecules and the chemical reactions in which the molecules participate. ...
Ethanol-soluble Intermediates and Products of
... Whatman no. I filter paper, using ethyl acetate acetic acid + water (9 :2 :2 , by vol.) as a descending solvent. The paper was cut in the form of a symmetrical trapezoid, with solvent applied to the shorter of the two parallel edges. This geometry gave more compact spots, with less 'tailing', than t ...
... Whatman no. I filter paper, using ethyl acetate acetic acid + water (9 :2 :2 , by vol.) as a descending solvent. The paper was cut in the form of a symmetrical trapezoid, with solvent applied to the shorter of the two parallel edges. This geometry gave more compact spots, with less 'tailing', than t ...
Studies Into the Allosteric Regulation of ADP
... linkages (Figure 1), but they each have some distinct physical and chemical properties.4 In glycogen, chains of α-1,4-polyglucans link with other chains to form a branching pattern. In mammals and yeast, glycogen synthesis requires a 'seed' of glycogenin, which is a self-glucosylating initiator prot ...
... linkages (Figure 1), but they each have some distinct physical and chemical properties.4 In glycogen, chains of α-1,4-polyglucans link with other chains to form a branching pattern. In mammals and yeast, glycogen synthesis requires a 'seed' of glycogenin, which is a self-glucosylating initiator prot ...
dna sequence analysis: pairwise comparison
... BestFit uses the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman (Advances in Applied Mathematics 2; 482-489 (1981)) to find the best segment of similarity between two sequences. BestFit reads a scoring matrix that contains values for every possible GCG symbol match. The program uses these values to ...
... BestFit uses the local homology algorithm of Smith and Waterman (Advances in Applied Mathematics 2; 482-489 (1981)) to find the best segment of similarity between two sequences. BestFit reads a scoring matrix that contains values for every possible GCG symbol match. The program uses these values to ...
Chapter 4 - University of Amsterdam
... products of peroxisomal β-oxidation, i.e. shortened fatty acids and acetyl units to the mitochondria. Additional (related) roles of carnitine include modulation of the acylCoA/CoA ratio, storage of energy (in the form of acetyl-carnitine) and excretion of poorly metabolizable, toxic, acyl groups (4) ...
... products of peroxisomal β-oxidation, i.e. shortened fatty acids and acetyl units to the mitochondria. Additional (related) roles of carnitine include modulation of the acylCoA/CoA ratio, storage of energy (in the form of acetyl-carnitine) and excretion of poorly metabolizable, toxic, acyl groups (4) ...
Full-Text PDF
... discriminative Figure 2a. In the loading plot, signals from sucrose contributed to the negative direction in PC1 Figure 2b and signals from the other nutrients contributed to a positive direction. Detailed signal assignments were carried out using the 1H-13C-HSQC spectra to understand the relationsh ...
... discriminative Figure 2a. In the loading plot, signals from sucrose contributed to the negative direction in PC1 Figure 2b and signals from the other nutrients contributed to a positive direction. Detailed signal assignments were carried out using the 1H-13C-HSQC spectra to understand the relationsh ...
Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes
... Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) Pantothenic acid • is part of coenzyme A needed for energy production as well as glucose and cholesterol synthesis. • deficiency can result in fatigue, retarded growth, cramps, and anemia. • is found in salmon, meat, eggs, whole grains, and vegetables. ...
... Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) Pantothenic acid • is part of coenzyme A needed for energy production as well as glucose and cholesterol synthesis. • deficiency can result in fatigue, retarded growth, cramps, and anemia. • is found in salmon, meat, eggs, whole grains, and vegetables. ...
Isolation of Rat Transferrin Using CNBr-Activated
... S) and equal activity in a bio assay for iron uptake, ...
... S) and equal activity in a bio assay for iron uptake, ...
The Utilization of Propionate by Micrococcus
... When sodium [l-14C]propionatewas added to a suspension of Micrococcus denitriJicaras, which had been grown in a medium containing propionate as sole carbon source and which had been resuspended in fresh propionate medium, isotope was rapidly incorporated into cellular components. Samples, taken from ...
... When sodium [l-14C]propionatewas added to a suspension of Micrococcus denitriJicaras, which had been grown in a medium containing propionate as sole carbon source and which had been resuspended in fresh propionate medium, isotope was rapidly incorporated into cellular components. Samples, taken from ...
2016 HSC Chemistry Marking Guidelines
... In industry, cheap bulk fats instead of pure, expensive oils are heated in large vats in a small excess of NaOH solution. Close to the stoichiometric volume of NaOH is used to reduce cost and wastage. The soap is still salted out using brine with the excess brine being recovered for reuse. The glyce ...
... In industry, cheap bulk fats instead of pure, expensive oils are heated in large vats in a small excess of NaOH solution. Close to the stoichiometric volume of NaOH is used to reduce cost and wastage. The soap is still salted out using brine with the excess brine being recovered for reuse. The glyce ...
as a PDF - CiteSeerX
... intermediate between those of pepsinogen and pepsin. The intermediate form was relatively stable as compared with pepsinogen, but was gradually converted to pepsin during a long period of incubation. When analyzed by the proteolytic activity assay, the activation appeared to be complete within a few ...
... intermediate between those of pepsinogen and pepsin. The intermediate form was relatively stable as compared with pepsinogen, but was gradually converted to pepsin during a long period of incubation. When analyzed by the proteolytic activity assay, the activation appeared to be complete within a few ...
Glutamine metabolism and its effects on immune response
... amino acid is glutamate, depending on the type of cell ranging between 2 and 20 mM [3]. The most important enzymes related to the glutamine metabolism are glutamine synthetase and glutaminase. Glutamine synthetase catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to glutamine using ammonia as nitrogen source (g ...
... amino acid is glutamate, depending on the type of cell ranging between 2 and 20 mM [3]. The most important enzymes related to the glutamine metabolism are glutamine synthetase and glutaminase. Glutamine synthetase catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to glutamine using ammonia as nitrogen source (g ...
CH Zinc Fingers As DNA Binding Domains
... is usefiil to predict how the zinc fingers of the proteins exert their binding activity. The single zinc finger differs from the other zinc fingers in that it requires an additional, non-zinc finger domain to establish the binding to the target DNA.^^ The other classes, that is the triple, multiple- ...
... is usefiil to predict how the zinc fingers of the proteins exert their binding activity. The single zinc finger differs from the other zinc fingers in that it requires an additional, non-zinc finger domain to establish the binding to the target DNA.^^ The other classes, that is the triple, multiple- ...
Production of Bacterial Pectinase(s) from Agro-Industrial Wastes Under Solid State
... characterized by long chains of galacturonic acid residues. On these residues are carboxyl groups, which are sometimes modified by the addition of methyl groups, forming methoxyl groups. Pectic enzymes act ...
... characterized by long chains of galacturonic acid residues. On these residues are carboxyl groups, which are sometimes modified by the addition of methyl groups, forming methoxyl groups. Pectic enzymes act ...
Soil Biology and Biochemistry
... synthase (EC 2.4.1.13). All results were expressed as nodule fresh mass because the humidity was similar for all treatments. The GS activity was determined as described by Elliott (1955) and was expressed as mmol g-glutamyl hydroxamate g1 FW h1. The GOGAT activity was measured following the oxidat ...
... synthase (EC 2.4.1.13). All results were expressed as nodule fresh mass because the humidity was similar for all treatments. The GS activity was determined as described by Elliott (1955) and was expressed as mmol g-glutamyl hydroxamate g1 FW h1. The GOGAT activity was measured following the oxidat ...
food produced from glyphosate tolerant sugar beet line 77
... tolerant to applications of the broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate. This trait has been introduced into sugar beet plants by the addition of two new genes. One of these genes encodes the CP4-EPSPS protein, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microbes that is not ...
... tolerant to applications of the broad-spectrum herbicide, glyphosate. This trait has been introduced into sugar beet plants by the addition of two new genes. One of these genes encodes the CP4-EPSPS protein, a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants and microbes that is not ...
PDF - School of Chemical Sciences
... formate dehydrogenases (FDH) from Pseudomonas sp.101 [17] and Candida boidinii [18,19], the latter of which is used in the industrial production of l-tert-leucine [19]. Regenerative methods exist for NADPH as well, including the use of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and the use of a mutant FDH from Pse ...
... formate dehydrogenases (FDH) from Pseudomonas sp.101 [17] and Candida boidinii [18,19], the latter of which is used in the industrial production of l-tert-leucine [19]. Regenerative methods exist for NADPH as well, including the use of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) and the use of a mutant FDH from Pse ...
porphyrine, heme and..
... where they are hemolyzed (extravascularhemolysis) and hemoglobin comes out. 3- Globin. molecule is hydrolyzed into free amino acids. 4- Formation of bilirubin: a- The heme ring is catabolized by the microsomal heme oxygenase enzymes of the RE cells. b- In this reaction (which needs O2 and NADPH) ,ir ...
... where they are hemolyzed (extravascularhemolysis) and hemoglobin comes out. 3- Globin. molecule is hydrolyzed into free amino acids. 4- Formation of bilirubin: a- The heme ring is catabolized by the microsomal heme oxygenase enzymes of the RE cells. b- In this reaction (which needs O2 and NADPH) ,ir ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.