Quiz 7 Name: 1. After ATP fuels the Na+/K+ pump at the cell
... C) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP in the chloroplast D) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP in the mitochondrion E) C and D 2. Cells use the energy of energy-rich food molecules to form ATP. Which of the following represents a state of high energy? A) the C-H bonds in food molecules B) the H (elect ...
... C) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP in the chloroplast D) ADP and Pi are regenerated to ATP in the mitochondrion E) C and D 2. Cells use the energy of energy-rich food molecules to form ATP. Which of the following represents a state of high energy? A) the C-H bonds in food molecules B) the H (elect ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 9
... In absence of oxygen Pyruvate is reduced by NADH to regenerate NAD+ Lactate fermentation Lactate dehydrogenase works in either direction depending on prevailing conditions in the cell Lactic acid produced in muscle is carried to liver and reincorporated into glucose via gluconeogenesis Lactic acid i ...
... In absence of oxygen Pyruvate is reduced by NADH to regenerate NAD+ Lactate fermentation Lactate dehydrogenase works in either direction depending on prevailing conditions in the cell Lactic acid produced in muscle is carried to liver and reincorporated into glucose via gluconeogenesis Lactic acid i ...
and DNA-pol
... Semi-continuous replication • The leading strand :the strand synthesized continuously; • The lagging strand :the strand formed from Okazaki fragments; • The semi-continuous replication: Continuous synthesis of the leading strand and discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand represent a unique f ...
... Semi-continuous replication • The leading strand :the strand synthesized continuously; • The lagging strand :the strand formed from Okazaki fragments; • The semi-continuous replication: Continuous synthesis of the leading strand and discontinuous synthesis of the lagging strand represent a unique f ...
... of prokaryote cells is considered as they triggered the beginning of planet’s life. When three of prokaryote cells gathered, they formed eukaryotic cell. For instance, recently, escherichia coli bacteria is the representative organism included in prokaryotic organisms. The endosymbiotic theory insis ...
Intracellular Distribution of Radioactivity in Nucleic Acid tration of
... (approximately 1 ml/10 mg of sodium nucleate) at 37°for 15— tubes were pooled so that duplicate samples of each nucleotide were obtained. These were dried in vacuo over CaCl2 and 20 hours. (it was found necessary to reduce the time of this NaOH under an infrared lamp to remove the formic acid. (H ...
... (approximately 1 ml/10 mg of sodium nucleate) at 37°for 15— tubes were pooled so that duplicate samples of each nucleotide were obtained. These were dried in vacuo over CaCl2 and 20 hours. (it was found necessary to reduce the time of this NaOH under an infrared lamp to remove the formic acid. (H ...
The Genetic Code and RNA-Amino Acid Affinities
... To put these ideas in another useful way, increasing the scale of an experiment by using 10-fold more RNA usually provides access to 1.66 additional essential nucleotides [19]. Thus, there are two kinds of selection experiments. One can do large experiments to seek large active motifs, but this usua ...
... To put these ideas in another useful way, increasing the scale of an experiment by using 10-fold more RNA usually provides access to 1.66 additional essential nucleotides [19]. Thus, there are two kinds of selection experiments. One can do large experiments to seek large active motifs, but this usua ...
Chapter 12
... Branched-chain alkanes are chains of carbon atoms with attached side chains or branches. These occur when the number of carbon atoms exceeds three (3), or for C4 compounds and above, and allow the formation of isomers, molecules with the same molecular formulas but different molecular structures. Al ...
... Branched-chain alkanes are chains of carbon atoms with attached side chains or branches. These occur when the number of carbon atoms exceeds three (3), or for C4 compounds and above, and allow the formation of isomers, molecules with the same molecular formulas but different molecular structures. Al ...
Chapter 3—The Cell I. Cell Theory. a. Organisms are made of 1 or
... h. Energy carriers—donate energy to substances by transferring functional groups to them. The major energy carrier for humans is ATP. i. ADP/ATP cycle. i. In aerobic cellular respiration, energy input drives the attachment of Pi (inorganic phosphate = PO4-3) to ADP to form ATP. When ATP releases a p ...
... h. Energy carriers—donate energy to substances by transferring functional groups to them. The major energy carrier for humans is ATP. i. ADP/ATP cycle. i. In aerobic cellular respiration, energy input drives the attachment of Pi (inorganic phosphate = PO4-3) to ADP to form ATP. When ATP releases a p ...
Metabolism of cardiac muscles
... The glucose-fatty acid (Randle) cycle • The Randle cycle describes the reciprocal relationship between fatty acid and glucose metabolism. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from fatty acid-oxidation decreases glucose (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA deriv ...
... The glucose-fatty acid (Randle) cycle • The Randle cycle describes the reciprocal relationship between fatty acid and glucose metabolism. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA derived from fatty acid-oxidation decreases glucose (pyruvate) oxidation. • The increased generation of acetyl CoA deriv ...
(metabolic pathways) based on functional group
... if more samples could be collected. Totally, the overall successful rate reaches 73.3%. The above result indicates that metabolic pathways really have their own featured functional group composition and introducing machine learning method (NNA) based on functional group composition to the analysis o ...
... if more samples could be collected. Totally, the overall successful rate reaches 73.3%. The above result indicates that metabolic pathways really have their own featured functional group composition and introducing machine learning method (NNA) based on functional group composition to the analysis o ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... Nucleotides are the Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make t ...
... Nucleotides are the Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids Nucleotide Metabolism Proceeds Through de novo and Salvage Pathways Purine Nucleotides are Built de novo Starting with Ribose-5-phosphate PRPP is Made From it and Then it is Aminated Simple Compounds, Such as Amino Acids and 1-Carbon Donors Make t ...
Regioselectivity and Activity of Cytochrome P450 BM-3 and
... of H2O2 or the lack of dependence on electron and proton transfer to the active site for formation of the reactive intermediate(s), two processes which are likely to coincide with conformational fluctuations that affect regioselectivity. Peroxygenase reactions were initiated by addition of 10 mM H2O ...
... of H2O2 or the lack of dependence on electron and proton transfer to the active site for formation of the reactive intermediate(s), two processes which are likely to coincide with conformational fluctuations that affect regioselectivity. Peroxygenase reactions were initiated by addition of 10 mM H2O ...
Enzyme ppt
... •Once the enzymesubstrate complex is together, the enzyme holds the substrate in a position where the reaction can occur. •Weak bonds form between the substrate and the amino acids in the active site. •Enzymes are not used up in the reaction ...
... •Once the enzymesubstrate complex is together, the enzyme holds the substrate in a position where the reaction can occur. •Weak bonds form between the substrate and the amino acids in the active site. •Enzymes are not used up in the reaction ...
pH - Bio-Link
... dehydrate an organism’s body more than half of the cellular dry weight would be protein. It is estimated that the typical mammalian cell has at least 10,000 different proteins. Proteins are the macromolecules of the cell that “make things happen.” Proteins determine much of what moves in and out of ...
... dehydrate an organism’s body more than half of the cellular dry weight would be protein. It is estimated that the typical mammalian cell has at least 10,000 different proteins. Proteins are the macromolecules of the cell that “make things happen.” Proteins determine much of what moves in and out of ...
Further Details of Mechanism
... •The oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone in oxalosuccinate is reversible and near equilibrium. •Lewis acid catalyzed decarboxylation of the -keto acid drives this reaction to 100% completion. •Energy of decarboxylation is “captured” in the reduced NADH through the coupling of these two reactions on ...
... •The oxidation of an alcohol to a ketone in oxalosuccinate is reversible and near equilibrium. •Lewis acid catalyzed decarboxylation of the -keto acid drives this reaction to 100% completion. •Energy of decarboxylation is “captured” in the reduced NADH through the coupling of these two reactions on ...
Quinolizidine Alkaloids
... they are interested for the scientists because of their ant-viral activity as well as anti- proliferative activity. In Castanospermine when we look to the structure, in addition to the presence of Indolidizine nucleus we recognize the presence of many OH groups (polyhydroxylated, which is responsib ...
... they are interested for the scientists because of their ant-viral activity as well as anti- proliferative activity. In Castanospermine when we look to the structure, in addition to the presence of Indolidizine nucleus we recognize the presence of many OH groups (polyhydroxylated, which is responsib ...
DNA Replication in Bacteria
... The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) – US and UK designates an official name and symbol (an abbreviation of the name) for each known human gene. Some official gene names include additional information in parentheses, such as related genetic conditions, subtypes of a ...
... The HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) – US and UK designates an official name and symbol (an abbreviation of the name) for each known human gene. Some official gene names include additional information in parentheses, such as related genetic conditions, subtypes of a ...
Increasing the thermostability of sucrose
... thus the screening effort, an extension of the B-FIT procedure has recently been proposed, in which the randomisation at each site is limited to amino acids that are frequently present in an alignment of related sequences (Jochens et al., 2010). These residues are assumed to be more favourable for t ...
... thus the screening effort, an extension of the B-FIT procedure has recently been proposed, in which the randomisation at each site is limited to amino acids that are frequently present in an alignment of related sequences (Jochens et al., 2010). These residues are assumed to be more favourable for t ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.