Chapter 26:Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... Amino acids with neutral, nonpolar side chains congregate on the hydrocarbon-like interior of a protein molecule Also important for stabilizing a protein's tertiary structure are the formation of disulfide bridges between cysteine residues, the formation of hydrogen bonds between nearby amino ac ...
... Amino acids with neutral, nonpolar side chains congregate on the hydrocarbon-like interior of a protein molecule Also important for stabilizing a protein's tertiary structure are the formation of disulfide bridges between cysteine residues, the formation of hydrogen bonds between nearby amino ac ...
Enzymes in Body Fluids
... understanding of these mechanisms is incomplete. -Possibilities include removal by reticuloendothelial ...
... understanding of these mechanisms is incomplete. -Possibilities include removal by reticuloendothelial ...
Statistical analysis of atomic contacts at RNA– protein
... to date for the functions it provides. The database and the update programs may be easily implemented using any other RDBMS which can be coupled with a host language. Statistical analysis Chi-square tests. Two problems must be distinguished: (i) the preferred amino acid types (or nucleotide componen ...
... to date for the functions it provides. The database and the update programs may be easily implemented using any other RDBMS which can be coupled with a host language. Statistical analysis Chi-square tests. Two problems must be distinguished: (i) the preferred amino acid types (or nucleotide componen ...
Chapter 16 Notes
... • "Specific" acid-base catalysis involves H+ or OH- that diffuses into the catalytic center • "General" acid-base catalysis involves acids and bases other than H+ and OH• These other acids and bases facilitate transfer of H+ in the transition state • See Figure 16.12 ...
... • "Specific" acid-base catalysis involves H+ or OH- that diffuses into the catalytic center • "General" acid-base catalysis involves acids and bases other than H+ and OH• These other acids and bases facilitate transfer of H+ in the transition state • See Figure 16.12 ...
Lipids (lec 1, 2, 3)..
... Steps of transport: 1) acyl group is transferred from acylCoA into carnitine by CAT-1 to give acyl carnitine and free CoA which remains in cytoplasm. 2) Acyl carnitine is transported into mitochondria by the help of Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase. 3) CAT-2 catalyses the transfer of acyl group f ...
... Steps of transport: 1) acyl group is transferred from acylCoA into carnitine by CAT-1 to give acyl carnitine and free CoA which remains in cytoplasm. 2) Acyl carnitine is transported into mitochondria by the help of Carnitine acylcarnitine translocase. 3) CAT-2 catalyses the transfer of acyl group f ...
Chapter 1
... – Urea: remove -a, replace with -ase = urease – Lactose: remove -ose, replace with -ase = lactase ...
... – Urea: remove -a, replace with -ase = urease – Lactose: remove -ose, replace with -ase = lactase ...
How ribosomes make peptide bonds
... high-resolution crystal structures of the bacterial ribosome have shown that the active site for the formation of peptide bonds – the peptidyl-transferase center – is composed solely of rRNA. Thus, the ribosome is the largest known RNA catalyst and the only natural ribozyme that has a synthetic acti ...
... high-resolution crystal structures of the bacterial ribosome have shown that the active site for the formation of peptide bonds – the peptidyl-transferase center – is composed solely of rRNA. Thus, the ribosome is the largest known RNA catalyst and the only natural ribozyme that has a synthetic acti ...
sg 2
... 17. Diagram the synthesis of a triglyceride and a phospholipid molecule. Circle and label all the functional groups involved in this process – what type of linkage is formed? Point out the polar and nonpolar ends of the phospholipids – also identify the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of this molec ...
... 17. Diagram the synthesis of a triglyceride and a phospholipid molecule. Circle and label all the functional groups involved in this process – what type of linkage is formed? Point out the polar and nonpolar ends of the phospholipids – also identify the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of this molec ...
Nucleic Acids
... the antiparallel strand must be thymine. Similarly, if the purine in one strand is guanine, its complement in the antiparallel strand must be cytosine. A significant feature of Watson and Crick’s model is that no other base pairing is consistent with the observed thickness of a DNA molecule. A pair o ...
... the antiparallel strand must be thymine. Similarly, if the purine in one strand is guanine, its complement in the antiparallel strand must be cytosine. A significant feature of Watson and Crick’s model is that no other base pairing is consistent with the observed thickness of a DNA molecule. A pair o ...
Chapter 25
... are carried into the systemic circulation into adipose tissue where their triglyceride fatty acids are released and stored in the adipocytes and used by muscle cells for ATP production. • VLDLs contain endogenous triglycerides. They are transport vehicles that carry triglycerides synthesized in hepa ...
... are carried into the systemic circulation into adipose tissue where their triglyceride fatty acids are released and stored in the adipocytes and used by muscle cells for ATP production. • VLDLs contain endogenous triglycerides. They are transport vehicles that carry triglycerides synthesized in hepa ...
Name____________________________ Student number
... C) are very specific and can prevent the conversion of products back to substrates. D) increase the equilibrium constants for the reactions they catalyze. •E) lower the activation energy for the reactions they catalyze. 2. Which of the following statements is true of enzyme catalysts? A) To be effec ...
... C) are very specific and can prevent the conversion of products back to substrates. D) increase the equilibrium constants for the reactions they catalyze. •E) lower the activation energy for the reactions they catalyze. 2. Which of the following statements is true of enzyme catalysts? A) To be effec ...
Lecture Note 1
... chains assemble together through non-covalent interactions to form what is called a quaternary structure (Figure 1.3D). Nucleotides and nucleic acids A nucleotide is composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphate groups (Figure 1.4A). The pentose sugar can either be ribos ...
... chains assemble together through non-covalent interactions to form what is called a quaternary structure (Figure 1.3D). Nucleotides and nucleic acids A nucleotide is composed of a pentose sugar, a nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphate groups (Figure 1.4A). The pentose sugar can either be ribos ...
Mitochondrial DNA in the Sea Urchin Arbacia Zixula: Evolutionary
... fulfilled, we can calculate the relative times-of-divergence ratio ( T/T’) of a pair of sequences (by using at least three sequences). The absolute time of divergence for the pairs of sequences can be estimated by using as a calibration point a suitable time of divergence from the paleontological re ...
... fulfilled, we can calculate the relative times-of-divergence ratio ( T/T’) of a pair of sequences (by using at least three sequences). The absolute time of divergence for the pairs of sequences can be estimated by using as a calibration point a suitable time of divergence from the paleontological re ...
Chemistry 400
... Answer the following questions about nutrients. Each multiple choice questions will have only one answer, unless otherwise indicated. 1. The vitamin required as a coenzyme required in oxidative decarboxylation is: A. B. C. D. E. ...
... Answer the following questions about nutrients. Each multiple choice questions will have only one answer, unless otherwise indicated. 1. The vitamin required as a coenzyme required in oxidative decarboxylation is: A. B. C. D. E. ...
Energy and Respiration
... 4 carbon compound to make a 6 carbon compound. A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
... 4 carbon compound to make a 6 carbon compound. A series of steps now transfer the 6C (citrate) back to the 4C (oxaloacetate) These steps include more decarboxylation and dehydrogenation ...
Summary
... Side Chains conserved in the primary sequence are in close proximity. Up until Ala 123, they also derive from similar secondary structural elements. Interestingly, the two pairs of leucines deriving from the positionally related helix of SMOA and three stranded antiparallel sheet of PHBH are still ...
... Side Chains conserved in the primary sequence are in close proximity. Up until Ala 123, they also derive from similar secondary structural elements. Interestingly, the two pairs of leucines deriving from the positionally related helix of SMOA and three stranded antiparallel sheet of PHBH are still ...
Engineering Nitrogen Use Efficient Crop Plants
... phosphate23,24. PEPc seems similar to Rubisco in that it is involved in N metabolism, but may not play a direct role in NUE. Transcription Factors and Other Regulatory Proteins Dof1, a plant-specific transcription factor, is involved in the activation of non-photosynthetic, C4-related PEPc, as well ...
... phosphate23,24. PEPc seems similar to Rubisco in that it is involved in N metabolism, but may not play a direct role in NUE. Transcription Factors and Other Regulatory Proteins Dof1, a plant-specific transcription factor, is involved in the activation of non-photosynthetic, C4-related PEPc, as well ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.