Understanding nature`s catalytic toolkit
... Of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, only the 11 polar and charged residues are generally observed to engage directly in catalysis [8]. These residues fall into seven different chemical groups: imidazole (histidine), guanidinium (arginine), amine (lysine), carboxylate (glutamate, aspartate), a ...
... Of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, only the 11 polar and charged residues are generally observed to engage directly in catalysis [8]. These residues fall into seven different chemical groups: imidazole (histidine), guanidinium (arginine), amine (lysine), carboxylate (glutamate, aspartate), a ...
Chemistry in Everyday Life
... 100. Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimised? Classify the detergents according to their chemical n ...
... 100. Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimised? Classify the detergents according to their chemical n ...
Cleavage, Deprotection and Isolation of Peptides after Fmoc Synthesis
... A guide to reaction times is provided in Figure 2. Optimal conditions should be determined using an initial trial cleavage. Using HPLC to monitor the efficiency of the removal of the side-chain protecting groups over time can be a useful tool. Since protected peptides will ...
... A guide to reaction times is provided in Figure 2. Optimal conditions should be determined using an initial trial cleavage. Using HPLC to monitor the efficiency of the removal of the side-chain protecting groups over time can be a useful tool. Since protected peptides will ...
Chap 9 PowerPoint file (*)
... • Amino acids that will be catabolized must have their amino groups removed via deamination. • The nitrogenous waste is excreted as ammonia, urea, or another waste product. ...
... • Amino acids that will be catabolized must have their amino groups removed via deamination. • The nitrogenous waste is excreted as ammonia, urea, or another waste product. ...
Ch06Test_File - Milan Area Schools
... Fill in the Blank 1. Cells cannot create energy because _______. Answer: energy cannot be created or destroyed 2. Variations of enzymes that allow organisms to adapt to changing environments are termed _______. Answer: isozymes 3. Although some enzymes consist entirely of one or more polypeptide cha ...
... Fill in the Blank 1. Cells cannot create energy because _______. Answer: energy cannot be created or destroyed 2. Variations of enzymes that allow organisms to adapt to changing environments are termed _______. Answer: isozymes 3. Although some enzymes consist entirely of one or more polypeptide cha ...
Metabolism: Introduction
... metabolism of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate, fatty acids, and amino acids acetyl oxidized to CO2 operates under aerobic conditions reduction of coenzymes NAD+ and FAD; energy used to produce ATP ...
... metabolism of acetyl-CoA derived from pyruvate, fatty acids, and amino acids acetyl oxidized to CO2 operates under aerobic conditions reduction of coenzymes NAD+ and FAD; energy used to produce ATP ...
... a) It contains rigid non-polar rings. d) It contains a polar –OH group. b) It contains a flexible non-polar tail. e) It causes membranes to be more rigid c) It is part of the electron transport chain at all temperatures. 8. (12 pts) An integral membrane protein consists of two α-helical segments tha ...
Ch16
... is inhibited, the CAC slows or stops. Why? This is easy to think about, without electron transport taking electrons from NADH and FADH2 the concentration of these cofactors increases with the decrease of NAD+ and FAD (without which the CAC cannot function). High [NADH] inhibits reactions leading int ...
... is inhibited, the CAC slows or stops. Why? This is easy to think about, without electron transport taking electrons from NADH and FADH2 the concentration of these cofactors increases with the decrease of NAD+ and FAD (without which the CAC cannot function). High [NADH] inhibits reactions leading int ...
Organic Molecules chapt03
... 1. amino group (NH2) 2. carboxyl group (COOH) 3. radical group (R group) ...
... 1. amino group (NH2) 2. carboxyl group (COOH) 3. radical group (R group) ...
Template-Directed Synthesis of Structurally Defined Branched
... hydrogen bond formation via oligonucleotide hybridization. As a consequence, several DNA nanostructures are composed of rationally designed, chemically synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides.19−22 DNA nanostructures have also been constructed using monodisperse samples of short- and long-chain DNA sequen ...
... hydrogen bond formation via oligonucleotide hybridization. As a consequence, several DNA nanostructures are composed of rationally designed, chemically synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides.19−22 DNA nanostructures have also been constructed using monodisperse samples of short- and long-chain DNA sequen ...
Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
... 1. 3 key enzymes for the regulation of glycolysis (their activation). The role of Fructose 2,6-P in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. 2. 3 key sites for the regulation of gluconeogenesis (their activation). 3. The signal pathway for the activation of glycogen degradation by glucagon. ...
... 1. 3 key enzymes for the regulation of glycolysis (their activation). The role of Fructose 2,6-P in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. 2. 3 key sites for the regulation of gluconeogenesis (their activation). 3. The signal pathway for the activation of glycogen degradation by glucagon. ...
Accurate and Comprehensive Mapping of Multi-omic Data
... demonstrated that researchers can get more accurate and comprehensive mappings of their experimental data to pathway databases due to the Agilent-BridgeDB technology. Biological entities that are missing specific annotations in either the experiment or pathway can still be mapped, resulting in more ...
... demonstrated that researchers can get more accurate and comprehensive mappings of their experimental data to pathway databases due to the Agilent-BridgeDB technology. Biological entities that are missing specific annotations in either the experiment or pathway can still be mapped, resulting in more ...
Lactic acid fermentation
... Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation.[3] In essence, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited sup ...
... Lactic acid fermentation is the simplest type of fermentation.[3] In essence, it is a redox reaction. In anaerobic conditions, the cell’s primary mechanism of ATP production is glycolysis. Glycolysis reduces – that is, transfers electrons to – NAD+, forming NADH. However, there is only a limited sup ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... cytochrome oxidase of any other species tested thus far. • 26 of 104 residues have been invariant for more than one and a half billion years of evolution. ...
... cytochrome oxidase of any other species tested thus far. • 26 of 104 residues have been invariant for more than one and a half billion years of evolution. ...
PRODUCTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF MYCOPHENOLIC ACID BYSSOCHLAMYS NIVEA Original Article
... morphological and spore arrangement of strain JSR2 was determined by high resolution scanning electron microscope. In silico studies were also conducted to determine the interaction of MPA with the NS5B receptor of hepatitis C virus with ribavarin as the reference ligand. Results: The mycophenolic a ...
... morphological and spore arrangement of strain JSR2 was determined by high resolution scanning electron microscope. In silico studies were also conducted to determine the interaction of MPA with the NS5B receptor of hepatitis C virus with ribavarin as the reference ligand. Results: The mycophenolic a ...
Ribosome-targeting antibiotics and mechanisms of bacterial
... Ribosomes are the protein-synthesizing factories of the cell. These large macromolecular machines provide the platform on which amino acids are polymerized in a template-dependent fashion to form polypeptide chains1. Given the fundamental nature of protein synthesis, it is not surprising that this p ...
... Ribosomes are the protein-synthesizing factories of the cell. These large macromolecular machines provide the platform on which amino acids are polymerized in a template-dependent fashion to form polypeptide chains1. Given the fundamental nature of protein synthesis, it is not surprising that this p ...
A mRNA localized to the vegetal cortex of Xenopus
... clear, however, that many of the early developmental decisions of the embryo depend on maternal information localized to the vegetal region during oogenesis. For example, the dorsal-ventral axis of the embryo, specified by a 30° rotation of the cortex before first cleavage, depends on a maternal com ...
... clear, however, that many of the early developmental decisions of the embryo depend on maternal information localized to the vegetal region during oogenesis. For example, the dorsal-ventral axis of the embryo, specified by a 30° rotation of the cortex before first cleavage, depends on a maternal com ...
Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology
... ules can be distinguished: A1, located in BmyA; BmyB1, BmyB2, BmyB3, and BmyB4, located in BmyB, and C1 and C2, located in BmyC. The modules B1, B2, and C1 also contain epimerization domains, directing conversion of amino acids 2, 3, and 6 in a D-configuration. The last domain of this multienzyme s ...
... ules can be distinguished: A1, located in BmyA; BmyB1, BmyB2, BmyB3, and BmyB4, located in BmyB, and C1 and C2, located in BmyC. The modules B1, B2, and C1 also contain epimerization domains, directing conversion of amino acids 2, 3, and 6 in a D-configuration. The last domain of this multienzyme s ...
SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION STUDY OF PHYSICAL MIXTURE OF CARBAMAZEPINE AND
... carrier out in CO2 free water distilled at a temperature 37 ± 0.5 ºC. Dissolution performed with USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle type) and stirred at a speed of 75 rpm for 60 minutes. Results: Solubility test of carbamazepine and carbamazepine physical mixture of amino acids CBZ-GLY, CBZ-ALA, a ...
... carrier out in CO2 free water distilled at a temperature 37 ± 0.5 ºC. Dissolution performed with USP dissolution apparatus II (paddle type) and stirred at a speed of 75 rpm for 60 minutes. Results: Solubility test of carbamazepine and carbamazepine physical mixture of amino acids CBZ-GLY, CBZ-ALA, a ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.