Carbamate Transport in Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthetase: A Theoretical and Experimental Investigation
... in the functional analysis of tunnels in enzyme catalyzed reactions. This technique has facilitated the elucidation of the mechanism for the migration of reaction intermediates at the atomic level and has yielded insights on the thermodynamics, kinetics, and dynamics of these processes. MD simulatio ...
... in the functional analysis of tunnels in enzyme catalyzed reactions. This technique has facilitated the elucidation of the mechanism for the migration of reaction intermediates at the atomic level and has yielded insights on the thermodynamics, kinetics, and dynamics of these processes. MD simulatio ...
Myr 8, A Novel Unconventional Myosin Expressed during Brain
... 1997a,b; Pastural et al., 1997; Probst et al., 1998; Wang et al., 1998). To further elucidate the role of myosins in the process of neuronal cell migration, we initiated studies to define the pool of myosins in migrating cerebellar granule neurons and type-1 neocortical astrocytes. In the present st ...
... 1997a,b; Pastural et al., 1997; Probst et al., 1998; Wang et al., 1998). To further elucidate the role of myosins in the process of neuronal cell migration, we initiated studies to define the pool of myosins in migrating cerebellar granule neurons and type-1 neocortical astrocytes. In the present st ...
Bile acids activate ryanodine receptors in pancreatic acinar cells via
... region and reduced the severity of experimental pancreatitis in vivo [11]. These data provide strong evidence that RyR plays a significant role in the pathomechanism of pancreatitis and therefore it can be considered as an important therapeutic target. The bile acid taurolitocholic acid-3-sulphate (T ...
... region and reduced the severity of experimental pancreatitis in vivo [11]. These data provide strong evidence that RyR plays a significant role in the pathomechanism of pancreatitis and therefore it can be considered as an important therapeutic target. The bile acid taurolitocholic acid-3-sulphate (T ...
Structure and mechanism of inhibition of plant
... Keywords: Acetohydroxyacid synthase; Branched-chain amino acids; Herbicide; Inhibitor; Protein structure; Herbicide resistance ...
... Keywords: Acetohydroxyacid synthase; Branched-chain amino acids; Herbicide; Inhibitor; Protein structure; Herbicide resistance ...
Proton Translocation Coupled to Electron Transfer Reactions in
... mitochondrion into two isolated compartments: the internal matrix and intermembrane space. The outer membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, has a large number of pores formed by the protein porin. Porin contains a relatively large internal channel that makes the outer membrane permeable to a ...
... mitochondrion into two isolated compartments: the internal matrix and intermembrane space. The outer membrane, which encloses the entire organelle, has a large number of pores formed by the protein porin. Porin contains a relatively large internal channel that makes the outer membrane permeable to a ...
Chromium Picolinate 250 mcg. Supports Healthy Blood Sugar Levels
... Chromium Picolinate 250 mcg. is a trace element supplement that contains chromium bound to picolinic acid, a highly biologically active form of this mineral. ...
... Chromium Picolinate 250 mcg. is a trace element supplement that contains chromium bound to picolinic acid, a highly biologically active form of this mineral. ...
L19 Alkaloids MedicinalPlants
... specific organic solvent), because alkaloids’ solubility was not only tested in chloroform but in other solvents as well. Alkaloids have been tested by series of organic solvents. They are carried by magically active compounds, you will find endless list of free bases insoluble alkaloids on it for e ...
... specific organic solvent), because alkaloids’ solubility was not only tested in chloroform but in other solvents as well. Alkaloids have been tested by series of organic solvents. They are carried by magically active compounds, you will find endless list of free bases insoluble alkaloids on it for e ...
NAD+-dependent formate dehydrogenase. From a model enzyme to
... Several high resolution structures of PseFDH are available to date: the apo-enzyme (resolution 1.80 Å) [17], the ternary complex of enzyme with NAD+ and azide mimicking putative transition state (2.05 Å) [17], and a complex with ADPR (1.50 Å) [23]. Several other binary complexes of PseFDH (PseFDH-fo ...
... Several high resolution structures of PseFDH are available to date: the apo-enzyme (resolution 1.80 Å) [17], the ternary complex of enzyme with NAD+ and azide mimicking putative transition state (2.05 Å) [17], and a complex with ADPR (1.50 Å) [23]. Several other binary complexes of PseFDH (PseFDH-fo ...
The enzymes of biotin dependent CO2 metabolism: What structures
... N1’ proton from biotin to generate a biotin ‘‘enolatelike’’ intermediate [Fig. 1(b)].6–8 Indeed, the nucleophilicity of biotin would be greatly increased by such an abstraction event. As shown in Scheme 1, the first half reaction for a Class I enzyme requires two metal ions, usually magnesium, for a ...
... N1’ proton from biotin to generate a biotin ‘‘enolatelike’’ intermediate [Fig. 1(b)].6–8 Indeed, the nucleophilicity of biotin would be greatly increased by such an abstraction event. As shown in Scheme 1, the first half reaction for a Class I enzyme requires two metal ions, usually magnesium, for a ...
Temperature-dependent effects of cadmium and purine nucleotides
... mitochondrial bioenergetics of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica, resulting in reduced mitochondrial efficiency, lower rates of ATP synthesis and potential energy deficit (Sokolova, 2004; Cherkasov et al., 2006a,b). Cd-induced discrepancy between energy demand and energy supply is especially str ...
... mitochondrial bioenergetics of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica, resulting in reduced mitochondrial efficiency, lower rates of ATP synthesis and potential energy deficit (Sokolova, 2004; Cherkasov et al., 2006a,b). Cd-induced discrepancy between energy demand and energy supply is especially str ...
The introduction and use of PKU sphere™, a Glycomacropeptide
... Any product information contained in these guidelines, although accurate at the time of publication, is subject to change. The most current product information may be obtained by referring to product labels. ...
... Any product information contained in these guidelines, although accurate at the time of publication, is subject to change. The most current product information may be obtained by referring to product labels. ...
Random Mutagenesis of Luciola mingrelica Firefly Luciferase
... * To whom correspondence should be addressed. ...
... * To whom correspondence should be addressed. ...
MCPBA (m-Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid) - Sigma
... I.R. Subbaraman and co-workers21 reported that cytosine, adenine and their derivatives are oxidized to N-oxides while uracil, thymine, guanosine and their derivatives give ring-cleavage products. However, M.R. Harden et al.22 indicated that N(1)-oxides were obtained from adenine, cytosine and uracil ...
... I.R. Subbaraman and co-workers21 reported that cytosine, adenine and their derivatives are oxidized to N-oxides while uracil, thymine, guanosine and their derivatives give ring-cleavage products. However, M.R. Harden et al.22 indicated that N(1)-oxides were obtained from adenine, cytosine and uracil ...
Cloning and Expression of Bovine Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter SGLT2* J. Dairy Sci. 88:2738–2748
... of SGLT2 in the cDNA library of bovine mammary tissues, indicating its expression in bovine mammary gland. To facilitate study of the mechanism of glucose reabsorption in bovine kidneys in maintenance of glucose homeostasis of lactating cows and the potential role of SGLT2 in the mammary gland, we c ...
... of SGLT2 in the cDNA library of bovine mammary tissues, indicating its expression in bovine mammary gland. To facilitate study of the mechanism of glucose reabsorption in bovine kidneys in maintenance of glucose homeostasis of lactating cows and the potential role of SGLT2 in the mammary gland, we c ...
Amino acid, ammonia and urea concentrations in human pre
... ovarian follicular fluid and to compare these concentrations with those in the circulation. METHODS: Samples of pre-ovulatory follicular fluid and peripheral venous blood were obtained from 14 IVF patients. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements of 25 AAs were the main outcome me ...
... ovarian follicular fluid and to compare these concentrations with those in the circulation. METHODS: Samples of pre-ovulatory follicular fluid and peripheral venous blood were obtained from 14 IVF patients. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements of 25 AAs were the main outcome me ...
accelerated glucose discoloration method
... D-glucose is a central substance for the human metabolism since it is a source of energy and a metabolic intermediate. Most of this energy is delivered through aerobic or anaerobic respiration. In human metabolism glucose is critical as a precursor for the production of proteins and in lipid metabol ...
... D-glucose is a central substance for the human metabolism since it is a source of energy and a metabolic intermediate. Most of this energy is delivered through aerobic or anaerobic respiration. In human metabolism glucose is critical as a precursor for the production of proteins and in lipid metabol ...
Queuosine formation in eukaryotic tRNA occurs via a mitochondria
... Interestingly, Q modification has also been detected in aspartyl tRNA from mitochondria of rat (4) and opossum (5). In most eukaryotes the Q molecule can be further modified by the addition of a mannosyl group to Q-tRNAAsp and a galactosyl group to Q-tRNATyr (1). Eubacteria are unique in their abili ...
... Interestingly, Q modification has also been detected in aspartyl tRNA from mitochondria of rat (4) and opossum (5). In most eukaryotes the Q molecule can be further modified by the addition of a mannosyl group to Q-tRNAAsp and a galactosyl group to Q-tRNATyr (1). Eubacteria are unique in their abili ...
Unusual ADP-forming acetyl-coenzyme A synthetases from the
... Refolding of the insoluble recombinant ACD was carried out using a modified method according to Connaris et al. (1999). E. coli BL21 codon plus(DE3)-RIL cell pellets, transformed with pET17b-acdHar, were resuspended in 20 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 3 M KCl, 30 mM MgCl2, and 10% (v/v) glyce ...
... Refolding of the insoluble recombinant ACD was carried out using a modified method according to Connaris et al. (1999). E. coli BL21 codon plus(DE3)-RIL cell pellets, transformed with pET17b-acdHar, were resuspended in 20 mM Tris–HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 3 M KCl, 30 mM MgCl2, and 10% (v/v) glyce ...
... The present invention relates to nucleic acid molecules related to the var2csa gene family as well as amino acid sequences encoded by such nucleic acid molecules with respect to their role in mediating adhesion of infected red blood cells to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) in the placenta which is char ...
Distinguishing Health Benefits of Eicosapentaenoic and
... reported an inhibitory effect of low concentration (10 μM) DHA, but not EPA on EGF-stimulated mitogenesis in mesangial cells. However, an inhibitory effect of EPA, quantitatively similar to that of DHA, was revealed when the LC n-3 PUFAs were used at a 10-fold higher concentration [39]. Similarly, s ...
... reported an inhibitory effect of low concentration (10 μM) DHA, but not EPA on EGF-stimulated mitogenesis in mesangial cells. However, an inhibitory effect of EPA, quantitatively similar to that of DHA, was revealed when the LC n-3 PUFAs were used at a 10-fold higher concentration [39]. Similarly, s ...
The uterine tubal fluid: secretion, composition and biological effects
... manner within the uterine tubal lumen. The tubal fluid that bathes the male and female gametes allows these events to occur in vivo much more successfully than in vitro. Collection of tubal fluid from domestic females has been performed by different methods. The amount of fluid secreted by the uteri ...
... manner within the uterine tubal lumen. The tubal fluid that bathes the male and female gametes allows these events to occur in vivo much more successfully than in vitro. Collection of tubal fluid from domestic females has been performed by different methods. The amount of fluid secreted by the uteri ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.