Enzymes responsible for chlorate reduction by Pseudomonas sp
... consumed for cell respiration and does not accumulate in solution [9]. In perchlorate-respiring bacteria a single enzyme is used for both chlorate and perchlorate reduction, but few enzymes have been isolated. Perchlorate reductases isolated from strains GR-1 [10] and perc1ace [11], and chlorate red ...
... consumed for cell respiration and does not accumulate in solution [9]. In perchlorate-respiring bacteria a single enzyme is used for both chlorate and perchlorate reduction, but few enzymes have been isolated. Perchlorate reductases isolated from strains GR-1 [10] and perc1ace [11], and chlorate red ...
papain, a plant enzyme of biological importance
... sulfate, SDS at different concentrations has exhibited that hydrophobic interactions play an important role in inducing the two different intermediates along the two various thermodynamic pathways (Chamani et al., 2009). Catalytic activity of papain involves hydrolysis of proteins with broad specifi ...
... sulfate, SDS at different concentrations has exhibited that hydrophobic interactions play an important role in inducing the two different intermediates along the two various thermodynamic pathways (Chamani et al., 2009). Catalytic activity of papain involves hydrolysis of proteins with broad specifi ...
Environmental Microbiology
... plants (Barbieri et al., 1986). However, it has not been possible so far to construct completely IAA-negative mutants. A strain with a knockout mutation in one of the key genes in IAA synthesis still produced detectable amounts of IAA (Hartmann and Zimmer, 1994). This led to the conclusion that ther ...
... plants (Barbieri et al., 1986). However, it has not been possible so far to construct completely IAA-negative mutants. A strain with a knockout mutation in one of the key genes in IAA synthesis still produced detectable amounts of IAA (Hartmann and Zimmer, 1994). This led to the conclusion that ther ...
Trophic discrimination of nitrogen stable isotopes in
... most problematic assumption underlying the use of CSIA approaches in food web studies is that trophic fractionation for Glu and Phe, and thus TDFGlu-Phe, remains effectively constant across all consumers and diet types. A TDFGlu-Phe value of 7.6& was proposed from extensive feeding trials on multipl ...
... most problematic assumption underlying the use of CSIA approaches in food web studies is that trophic fractionation for Glu and Phe, and thus TDFGlu-Phe, remains effectively constant across all consumers and diet types. A TDFGlu-Phe value of 7.6& was proposed from extensive feeding trials on multipl ...
Structure of the ordered hydration of amino acids
... overlooking of unconventional water–protein interactions and of the connection between the main chain and side chains. For example, the nitrogen heteroatoms of tryptophan and histidine side chains have been shown to participate in an off-plane interaction with water (Stollar et al., 2004), with wate ...
... overlooking of unconventional water–protein interactions and of the connection between the main chain and side chains. For example, the nitrogen heteroatoms of tryptophan and histidine side chains have been shown to participate in an off-plane interaction with water (Stollar et al., 2004), with wate ...
The Role of Epidermal Lipids in Cutaneous Permeability Barrier
... barrier function is impaired and therefore they also have great difficulties in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance (2, 3). More subtle functional abnormalities in skin barrier function occur in neonates, in the elderly, and in association with several cutaneous diseases including psoriasis an ...
... barrier function is impaired and therefore they also have great difficulties in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance (2, 3). More subtle functional abnormalities in skin barrier function occur in neonates, in the elderly, and in association with several cutaneous diseases including psoriasis an ...
An in Silico Liver: Model of Gluconeogenesis
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
Planta
... was suggested that isoprene is released by a chemical elimination of diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, in the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplasts acidi®ed during irradiation (Sanadze 1990). In the meantime, however, an enzy ...
... was suggested that isoprene is released by a chemical elimination of diphosphate from dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), a central intermediate in the biosynthesis of isoprenoids, in the thylakoid lumen of the chloroplasts acidi®ed during irradiation (Sanadze 1990). In the meantime, however, an enzy ...
Folate Metabolism and MTHFR
... “….data are consistent for Mexico and northern China, which not only have a very high frequency of the TT genotype but also high rates of neural tube defect.” “…In the United States, the rates of neural tube defects historically have been higher among Hispanics, intermediate among non-Hispanic white ...
... “….data are consistent for Mexico and northern China, which not only have a very high frequency of the TT genotype but also high rates of neural tube defect.” “…In the United States, the rates of neural tube defects historically have been higher among Hispanics, intermediate among non-Hispanic white ...
Aalborg Universitet metabolic engineering approach
... types of biorefinery systems; the most described type is probably the enzymatic and microbial conversion of lignocellulose to different products, e.g. bioethanol. However, for this type of biorefinery to be economical competitive on the open market, emphasis on high value products like certain chemi ...
... types of biorefinery systems; the most described type is probably the enzymatic and microbial conversion of lignocellulose to different products, e.g. bioethanol. However, for this type of biorefinery to be economical competitive on the open market, emphasis on high value products like certain chemi ...
Renal Drug Metabolism - Pharmacological Reviews
... Information accumulated over the past 20 years demonstrates a large capacity for metabolism in the kidney, leading to activation or inactivation of numerous compounds and providing a major route for drug disposition. In addition, the metabolic products produced by the kidney may exert significant to ...
... Information accumulated over the past 20 years demonstrates a large capacity for metabolism in the kidney, leading to activation or inactivation of numerous compounds and providing a major route for drug disposition. In addition, the metabolic products produced by the kidney may exert significant to ...
Case Study: BPTI
... amino acid residues in a protein can provide important and useful information regarding its the tertiary structure. Fig. 5 shows the contact map generated for BPTI, in which the pairwise Cα distances are displayed in a gray scale ranging from 0 to 10Å. It is apparent, that the distance map immediat ...
... amino acid residues in a protein can provide important and useful information regarding its the tertiary structure. Fig. 5 shows the contact map generated for BPTI, in which the pairwise Cα distances are displayed in a gray scale ranging from 0 to 10Å. It is apparent, that the distance map immediat ...
bacterial hemoglobin proteins - ETH E-Collection
... substrate oxidation to the reduction of oxygen. ...
... substrate oxidation to the reduction of oxygen. ...
Systems Biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida for the enhanced
... sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features than synthetic plastics since they are produced from biobased sources and their intrinsic chemical composition make them biodegradable, biocompatible, and part of the carbon cycle of the earth. A ...
... sustainable alternatives to replace petroleum-base commodities. These biopolymers have superior features than synthetic plastics since they are produced from biobased sources and their intrinsic chemical composition make them biodegradable, biocompatible, and part of the carbon cycle of the earth. A ...
Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH
... V̇O2max. Glucose taken up from the blood or derived from glycogen stored inside the muscle cell is metabolized in the glycolytic pathway with the production of pyruvate (Fig. 1). One of the major fates of pyruvate is to be transported into the mitochondria where the nonequilibrium enzyme pyruvate de ...
... V̇O2max. Glucose taken up from the blood or derived from glycogen stored inside the muscle cell is metabolized in the glycolytic pathway with the production of pyruvate (Fig. 1). One of the major fates of pyruvate is to be transported into the mitochondria where the nonequilibrium enzyme pyruvate de ...
Mechanism of citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger in solid
... Measurements of intracellular concentrations of products of certain enzymes and adenine nucleotides were conducted in order to assess the in vivo catalytic function of the enzymes of interest. It was concluded that internal accumulation of citrate or oxalate is an immediate cause of its excretion. S ...
... Measurements of intracellular concentrations of products of certain enzymes and adenine nucleotides were conducted in order to assess the in vivo catalytic function of the enzymes of interest. It was concluded that internal accumulation of citrate or oxalate is an immediate cause of its excretion. S ...
Chapter 2—Cell Physiology
... 17. When ATP is utilized _________ and ___________ are produced. ANS: ADP/Pi PTS: 1 18. ____________________ refers collectively to the large set of intracellular chemical reactions that involve the degradation, synthesis, and transformation of small organic molecules. ANS: intermediary metabolism ...
... 17. When ATP is utilized _________ and ___________ are produced. ANS: ADP/Pi PTS: 1 18. ____________________ refers collectively to the large set of intracellular chemical reactions that involve the degradation, synthesis, and transformation of small organic molecules. ANS: intermediary metabolism ...
Chapter 2—Cell Physiology - College Test bank
... 25. What accounts for the most ATP production? a. Kreb's cycle. b. Citric acid cycle. c. NADH. d. oxidative phosphorylation. e. glycolysis. ANS: D ...
... 25. What accounts for the most ATP production? a. Kreb's cycle. b. Citric acid cycle. c. NADH. d. oxidative phosphorylation. e. glycolysis. ANS: D ...
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... 25. What accounts for the most ATP production? a. Kreb's cycle. b. Citric acid cycle. c. NADH. d. oxidative phosphorylation. e. glycolysis. ANS: D ...
... 25. What accounts for the most ATP production? a. Kreb's cycle. b. Citric acid cycle. c. NADH. d. oxidative phosphorylation. e. glycolysis. ANS: D ...
- Free Documents
... both cases it is the gain or loss oI phosphate groups that determines whether the protein is active or inactive. The largest class consists oI proteins that are activated or inactivated by . For these proteins, the switch is thrown in one Chapter phosphorylation discussed in direction by a protein k ...
... both cases it is the gain or loss oI phosphate groups that determines whether the protein is active or inactive. The largest class consists oI proteins that are activated or inactivated by . For these proteins, the switch is thrown in one Chapter phosphorylation discussed in direction by a protein k ...
Structure, catalytic activity and evolutionary relationships of 1
... Hofman, 1984; Zarembinski & Theologis, 1994). This cycle allows high rates of ethylene production without high intracellular concentrations of methionine. It involves the following steps: 5¢-methylthioadenosine (MTA) ® 5¢-methylthioribose (MTR) ® 5¢-methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) ® 2-keto-4- ...
... Hofman, 1984; Zarembinski & Theologis, 1994). This cycle allows high rates of ethylene production without high intracellular concentrations of methionine. It involves the following steps: 5¢-methylthioadenosine (MTA) ® 5¢-methylthioribose (MTR) ® 5¢-methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) ® 2-keto-4- ...
Organic Chemistry with a Biological Emphasis Volume I
... the brain - 'it's hot, stay away!' This strategy works quite well on all mammalian species except one: we humans (some of us, at least) appear to be alone in our tendency to actually seek out the burn of the hot pepper in our food. Interestingly, birds also have a heat receptor protein which is very ...
... the brain - 'it's hot, stay away!' This strategy works quite well on all mammalian species except one: we humans (some of us, at least) appear to be alone in our tendency to actually seek out the burn of the hot pepper in our food. Interestingly, birds also have a heat receptor protein which is very ...
Characters of Chymosin Gene Isolated from Different Animal A. G. Attallah
... identity but showed considerable differences in their enzymatic properties. A comparison of their structures may therefore contribute to an understanding of the significance of the amino acid residues responsible for the differences in these properties. On the other hand, like many other gastric pro ...
... identity but showed considerable differences in their enzymatic properties. A comparison of their structures may therefore contribute to an understanding of the significance of the amino acid residues responsible for the differences in these properties. On the other hand, like many other gastric pro ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.